研究生考试英语试题及答案.docx

吉林财经大学第一学期硕士期末考试试题及答案
一、阅读理解
A
A new look at an asteroid orbiting the sun shows it could possibly smash into the Earth with tremendous force. But experts say the potential impact is still 872 years away, time enough for the speeding space rock to alter its course.
Named 1950DA, the asteroid--1 kilometer wide--is the most threatening to the Earth of all of the known large asteroids, but the odds are only adout one in 300 that it would impact the planet, researchers said. "One in 300 is pretty long odds," said Jon D. Giorgini, a scientist in Califonia. "I'm not personally going to worry about it. It is so far in the future that lots of things could change."
There are approximately 1,000 asteroids bigger than a kilometer that can pass near the Earth in their orbit of the sun. About 580 have been found and their orbits plotted. Of these, only 1950DA represents a possible threat. Scientists continue an effort to identify all the other large asteroids that pass near the Earth, and it is their great hope that they don't find any that are greater threats. If 1950DA did hit the Earth, said Giorgini, it would have planet-wide effects, setting off fires, changing the weather and perhaps creating immense tidal waves. But it would not be a planet killer like the asteroid thought to have snuffed out the dinosaure some 65 millions years ago.
Asteroid 1950DA was first discovered in 1950, but then not noted in astronomy logs again for decades. It was rediscovered in the year and in March whizzed within about 77 million miles of Earth, giving astronomers an opportunity to gather visual and radar readings. From that, the astronomers projected the orbital path 1950DA would take on its next 15 near passes of the Earth--over a period covering nearly nine centuries. For the 15th near pass, on March 16,2880, the analysis showed it was mathematically possible, though unlikely, that the asteroid could hit the Earth.
He said the highest probability is that the asteroid in 2880 will miss the Earth by about 290, 000 kilometers--a distance closer than the 370, 000-kilometer orbit of the Moon around the Earth.
21.Talking about asteroids, the author tells us that ______.
A．nothing can alter the course of an asteroid in its orbit of the sun
B．only about one in 300 asteroids near the sun would hit the Earth
C．scientist have managed to identify all the asteroids orbiting the sun
D．there is no immediate threat to the Earth from an asteroid
22.We can infer from the passage that __________________________.
A larger asteroids are more likely to smash into the Earth
B an asteroid will probably just miss the Earth in 2880
C asteroids will eventually destroy everything on Earth
D no asteroid was noted in astronomy logs before 1950
23. Judging from the context, the word \________________________________.
A kept turning around
B went into and out of its orbit quickly
C moved very fast
D exploded all the while
24. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A Scientists have managed to know everything about asteroid 1950 DA.
B Many people seem to be worried about the predicted asteroid smash.
C Scientists are still quite optimistic about man's future.
D The Earth is faced with frequent threats from space.
25. The best title for the passage is _____________________________.
A Possible Asteroid Smash in 2880
B New Discoveries about 1950 DA
C Asteroids in the Solar System
D Earth -- an Unsafe Place for Life
B
Did you know that all human beings have a "comfort zone" regulating the distance they stand from someone when they talk？ This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures.
Greeks, some of the Eastern Mediterraneen, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart. In much of Asia and Mrica, there's even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This matter of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe.
This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or make an emphatic (强调的) point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator, in Paris they take it as it comes!
Although North Americans have a relatively wide" comfort zone" for talking, they communicate a great deal with their hands--not only with gesture but also with touch. They put a sympathetic hand on a person' s shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling, or an arm around him in sympathy; they pat an arm in reassurance(放心)or stroke a child's head in fondness; they readily take someone's arm to help him across a street or direct him along an unfamiliar mute. To many people -- especially those from Asia or the Moslem(穆斯林) countries--such bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if done with the left hand. The left hand carries no special significance in the U. S. Many Americans are simple left and use that hand more.
26.In terms of bodily distance, North Americans ______.
A．are the same to South Americans
B．stand even closer than Greeks
C．feel embarrassed when too close
D．stand nearer during a conversation
27.For Asians, the comfort zone _______.
A.is deliberately determined
B.measures 21 inches
C.varies according to status
D.implies esteem
28.It can be inferred from the passage that in a crowded elevator, a Frenchman ______. A.would behave in the same way as an American would
B.would make no particular effort to distance himself
C.would be afraid of bodily contact
D.would do his best to leave
29.When Americans tell a joke, they often _______.
A.pat people on the head
B.give people a hug
C.dig people in the ribs
D.touch people on the arm
30.The passage mainly concerns ________.
A.distance and bodily contact
B.body language
C.cultural differences between the East and the West
D.hand signals
C
One day, when I was on my way to my high school, another young man who was walking past me decided to show off in front of his friends and show them how “manly” he really was. Without saying a word, he walked up to me and began punching me. Once I began fighting back, he pulled out a gun and pointed it straight at me. After seeing this, I ran as fast as I could towards my school, hearing the group of boys laughing badly behind me. While most people hold the belief that inner-city schools can only hinder the learning process, I would argue that these schools provide experiences which enrich one’s education simply because of their location (位置) in the city.
To clarify this point, I must first describe the ways in which Saint Ignatius High School is different from the typical inner-city school. This private, Catholic (天主教的) institution consists mostly of white students who come from wealthy families. Although Saint Ignatius is in the city, it also gives its students one of the best education in the state.
Society usually tends to focus on the negative side of inner-city schools. Many people like to stereotype (模式化) these schools which, while these general statements may be true in some cases, tend to be worse most of the time.
Take Mrs. Borroni, my Spanish teacher, for example. She would often take time out of her class to tell her students about the numerous activities after class with which we should get involved. She loved her job so much that she stayed after school every day to moderate activities such as Amnesty International and the Spanish Club. Her students, including me, joined all of the clubs which she moderated just because she made them so interesting. Because of Mrs. Borroni, I got heavily involved in the school's activities and learned a lot in the process.
31. The author's argument that inner-city schools "provide experiences which enrich one's education simply because of their location in the city" is based on ________.
A. consensus opinion
B. his personal experience
C. a film he saw
D. a story he read in a book
32. Saint Ignatius High School differs from the typical inner-city school in all the following except __________________.
A. minority students
B. poor students
C. location in a city
D. inferior education system
33. Many people tend to speak more of __________________.
A. the negative sides of inner-city school
B. teachers' lack of love for teaching at St. Ignuatius
C. students' lack of love for learning at St. Ignuatius
D. daily fights at St. Ignatius
34.All the following describes Mrs. Borroni except _______________.
A. hard-working
B. considerate
C. responsible
D. indifferent
35. It seems that the author's attitude toward inner-city school is _________________.
A. optimistic
B. defensive
C. critical
D. Bitter
D
In 1950, a young man would have found it much easier than it is today to get and keep a job in the auto industry. And in that year die average autoworker could meet monthly mortgage (抵押贷款) payments on an average home with just 13.4 percent of his take-home pay. Today a similar mortgage would claim more than twice that share of his monthly earnings.
Other members of the autoworker's family, however might be less inclined to tried the present for the past. His retired parents would certainly have had less economic, security back then. Throughout much of the 1960s, more than a quarter of men and women and women age 65 and older lived below the poverty level, compared to less than 10 percent in .
In most states, his wife could not have taken out a loan or a card in her own name. In 42 states, a homemaker had no legal claim on the earnings of her husband. And nowhere did a wife have legal protection against family violence.
Most black workers would not want to return to a time when, on average they earned 40 percent less than their white counterparts (职位相称的人), white racially restrictive agreements largely prevented them from buying into the suburban neighborhoods being built for white working-class families.
Today, new problems have emerged in the process of resolving old ones, but the solution is not to go back to the past. Some people may long for an era when divorce was still hard to come by. The spread of no -fault divorce has reduced the bargaining power of whichever spouse is more interested in continuing the relationship. And the breakup of such marriages has caused pain for many families.
The growing diversity of family life comes with new possibilities as well as new challenges. According to a recent poll, more than 80 percent of Americans believe that their current family is as close as the one in which they grew up, or closer. Finding ways to improve the life of the remaining 20 percent seems more realistic than trying to restore an imaginary golden age.
36. What do we learn about American autoworkers in 1950?
A) They had less job security than they do today.
B) It was not too difficult for them to buy a house.
C) Their earnings were worth twice as much as today.
D) They were better off than workers in other industries.
37. What does the author about retired people today?
A) They invariably long to return to the golden past.
B) They do not depend so much on social welfare.
C) They feel more secure economically than in the past.
D) They are usually unwilling to live with their children.
38. Why couldn't black workers buy a house in a white suburban neighborhood?
A) They lacked the means of transportation.
B) They were subjected to racial inequality.
C) They were afraid to break the law.
D) They were too poor to afford it.
39. What is the result of no-fault divorce?
A) Divorce is easier to obtain.
B) Domestic violence is lessened.
C) It causes little pain to either side.
D) It contributes to social unrest.
40. What does the author suggest society do?
A) Get prepared to face any new challenges.
B) Try to better the current social security.
C) Narrow the gap between blacks and whites.
D) Improve the lives of families with problems.
二、完形填空
When he got the call that his son was ill in California and not expected to live for long, Bill didn't k now [how] (41) he was going to get the money for his wife and himself to make the trip. Bill had w orked as a truck driver his entire life, but he never managed to have any [savings] (42).
So with [embarrassment] (43) Bill walked the mile to the filling station (加油站) and told the owner , "My son is really sick and I've got no cash. Can you trust (赊账给) me for the phone call to California?"
"Pick up the [phone] (44) and talk as long as you need to," was the answer. As he started to dial (拨电话号码), he was [interrupted] (45) by a stranger, jumping down from the cab (驾驶室) of a truck and asking, "Aren't you Bill Beasley? Your son was one of my best friends when we were growing up together. When I went off to college, I lost [touch] (46)with him. Heard you say h e's sick?"
After the call Bill was told that that truck driver had paid for it and left him an [envelope] (47). H e opened it and pulled out two pieces of paper. One read, "You were the first truck driver my dad trusted enough to let me go along with." The second one was a [signed] (48) check with an attache d [message] (49): "Fill out the amount [needed] (50) for you and your wife to make the trip. Merry Christmas!"
当他打电话,他的儿子在加利福尼亚生病了,不会长期,比尔不懂得[怎样](41)他要为他的妻子把钱和自己去旅行。比尔曾经当过卡车司机,他的整个生命,但他从未有任何[储蓄] (42)。
因此[尴尬](43)比尔走了一英里的加油站(加油站)告诉店主,“我的儿子真的病了,我没有现金。你能相信(赊账给)我打电话到加利福尼亚吗?”
“拿起[电话](44),只要你需要,就说:”。他开始拨号(拨电话号码),他是[中断](45)被一种陌生人,跳跃从出租车上下来(驾驶室)一辆卡车,问,“你不是比尔比斯利吗?你儿子在我们一起成长的时候是我最佳的朋友之一。当我上大课时,我和他失去了联络(46)。听你说他病了?”
在比尔打电话说,卡车司机已经付了,留下他一种[信封](47)。他打开它,拿出2张纸。一看,“你是第一种卡车司机,我父亲相信得足以让我一起去。”第二个是[签订](48)检查附[信息](49):“填写[需要](50)为你和你的妻子,使旅行。圣诞快乐!”
三、英译汉and汉译英
51. Q:The fact that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now—and no one can get one yet—but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly engaged.
A:几代人对自动驾驶汽车的态度似乎如此稳定，这一事实表明，向无人驾驶汽车的转变也许会带来多大的变革。目前并不是每个人都想要无人驾驶汽车——也没有人能得到——但在那些对无人驾驶汽车持开放态度的人当中，每个年龄组的人都在参与其中。
52. Q:Childcare is a carefully regulated industry. States lay down rules about how many children each employee is allowed to watch over, the space care centers need per child, and other minute details. And the stricter the regulations, the higher the costs. If it has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it can't really achieve any economies of scale on labor to save money when other