资源描述
六级介绍
一、新英语六级考试改革
根据《全国大学英语四、六级考试改革方案(试行)》,全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会设计了六级考试新题型样卷并于日前公布,于2006年12月进行试测,并于2007年6月正式全面使用。
新六级题型改革,借鉴了国内外较成功的语言测试体系,更加提高了其科学性、客观性和可操作性。作为中国人自己的英语水平测试,尽管它不是最好的语言测试工具,但目前难以找到比他更好的测试手段。
二、新英语六级试题结构
第一部分 写作 30分钟 一道题目(占总分值15%)
第二部分 快速阅读 15分钟 十道题目,七个选择,三个填空(占总分值10%)[过去的对错判断改为了ABCD的选择题]
第三部分 听力理解 35分钟 (占总分值35%)
A节 11-18题 短对话选择
19-25题 长对话选择
B节 26-35题 段落理解
B节 听写
第四部分 仔细阅读 25分钟(占总分值25%)
A节 回答问题与填空 一篇文章 五道题目
B节 传统阅读 两篇文章 十道题目
第五部分 完形填空/改错 15分钟 十道题目(占总分值10%)
第六部分 翻译 5分钟 五道题目(占总分值5%)
具体见下面表格:
试卷构成
测试内容
测试题型
比例
第一部分:
听力理解
听力对话
短对话
多项选择
35%
长对话
多项选择
听力短文
短文理解
多项选择
短文听写
复合式听写
第二部分:
阅读理解
仔细阅读理解
篇章阅读理解
多项选择
35%
篇章词汇理解
回答题目与填空
快速阅读理解
是非判断/多项选择+句子填空
第三部分:
综合测试
完型填空 或 改错
多项选择或错误辨认并改正
10%
15%
篇章问答或句子翻译
简短回答
5%
中译英
第四部分:写作
写作
短文写作
15%
三、最新大学英语六级考试流程
14:45 考生进入考场
14:50---15:00试音寻台时间
15:00---15:10播放考场指令,监考教师发放答题卡一(含作文考题和快速阅读考题)及答题卡二(含听力、仔细阅读、完型填空及翻译)
15:10考生取下耳机,开始作文考试
15:10---15:40 做作文
15:35监考教师发放含有快速阅读的试题册(但15:40才允许开始做)
15:40---15:55做快速阅读部分
15:55---16:00监考教师收答题卡一(即作文和快速阅读)
15:55---16:00考生重新戴上耳机,试音寻台,准备听力考试
16:00开始听力考试,电台开始放音
听力结束后完成剩余考项。
17:20全部考试结束
作文讲义
一、英文写作的基本常识
a 清晰的结构
1) 观点鲜明的开头
2) 紧扣主题的结尾
3) 由主题句引导的衔接自然的中间段落
a 统一的中心
a 自然的衔接:逻辑关系显性化
1) 重复词:概括;直接;齐头
2) 序数词
3) 关联词:递进;转折;因果
二、六级作文的评分标准及评分原则
评分原则
1. 大学英语考试的目的是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的六级教学要求,对作文的评分应以此要求为准则。
2. 大学英语CET6考试作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(Reward Scores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。
3. 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容,而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题,是否充分表达思想,也要考虑是否用英语清楚而适切地表达思想,也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。
4. 避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分,包括满分;该给低分的给低分,包括零分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。
评分标准
1. 短文写作部分满分为15分。
2. 阅卷标准共分五等:14分、11分、8分、5分、及2分。各有参照卷一至二份。
3. 阅卷人员根据阅卷标准,对照参照卷评分,若认为与某一分数(如8分)相似,即定为该分数(即8分);若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数,则可加一分(即9分)或减一分(即7分),但不得加或减半分。
三、六级作文的类型
图表类
¶ 特点:有图——趋势透,字数少
¶ 段落安排:
第一段:趋势(变化)
第二段:分析变化的原因
第三段:自己的看法和感想
¶ 正文:
j 第一段:
1. 如图所示
a) As we can see from the chart/graph/table/diagram, ……
b) The…display that standing the ……carefully, we can see.
c) The chart/graph shows/displays that……
d) As can be shown in the table ……,
e) It is clear/apparent from the chart/table that
2. 比例
a) B has the largest percentage/proportion of…….
b) ……account(s) for/take(s) up 10%.
c) On the top of the list is ……, which accounts for 60%.
d) At the bottom is ……,which accounts for 10%.
e) A is ranked/rated first, followed by B at 30% and C at 25%.
3. 增长与下降
a) The number of ……increased/rose suddenly/rapidly/dramatically(戏剧地)/substantially(实质的)/considerably/sharply/steeply(险峻地) from 1990 to 2000.
b) There was a sudden/rapid/dramatic/substantial/considerable/sharp/steep increase/ rise in the number of …… from 1990 to 2000.
c) The number of ……increased/rose steadily(稳定地)/gradually(逐渐地)/slowly/slightly from 1990 to 2000.
d) There was a steady/gradual/slow/slight increase/ rise in the number of …… from 1990 to 2000.
e) 下降:decrease/fall/drop;a decrease/drop/reduction/decline in the number of ……
4. 达到某点
a) The situation/figures reached /hit a peak/high at 60% in …….
The situation/figures peaked at 60% in …….
b) The situation/figures bottomed out at 20% in ……. The situation/figures hit a trough at 20% in …….
5. 倍数
a) A is twice/three/four times what it was in 1990.
A is twice/three/four times the amount in 1990.
A is twice/three/four times as much/many as ……in 1990.
b) The figure was roughly doubled/tripled/quintupled between 1990 and 2000.
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
j 第二段:As … the number of … 动词+副词 during …
As … early as 数字,the number was ……, then …… it because
……列举
1. First……, second……, last(in addition)
2. For one thing, ……, for another thing , ……, what’s more……On one hand , ……, on the other hand , more over, ……
Therefore all these reasons……the changes.
j 第三段:总结:Hence from the ……
喊口号:①It is high time that +一般过去时
②Only through ……can we……只有……我们才能……
③ +名人名言
¶ 措辞:
h 上升:rise , increase , go up , boon , rocket
h 下降:decrease , reduce , come down , on the decline
h 快速:rapidly , dramatically , sharply(锐)
h 慢:slowly , gradually
二选一类
B 特点:给出两个观点
B 段落安排:
第一段:
1) 引出将要评论的事物或者观点;
2) 提出第一种观点;
3) 本观点支持性分论点。
第二段:
1) 承上启下;
2) 提出第二种观点;
3) 本观点支持性分论点。
第三段:我的观点
B 正文:
第一段:
1) 引言:
i. In recent years, with fast economic growth, ……have appeared in many families in China. 近年来,伴随着经济的快速发展,……在中国很多的家庭中出现了。人们对……有着不同的观点。
ii. With the increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Chinese families begin to afford a …….Yet, 伴随着人们生活水平的提高,一些中国家庭开始能够买……。但是,人们对……的观点是不同的。
iii.
iv. Ever since early this century,……has become an essential(本质的) part of our modern life.……is the driving force behind the swift(迅速的) progress of industry, agriculture, science and technology. Nobody can deny that the development of our civilization depends on……. 自从本世纪初页,……已经成为现代生活的一个重要部分。……是工业、农业和科技飞速发展的动力。没有人能够否认人类文明的发展依赖于……。
v. The issue of ……has been widely argued/debated(争论) currently. 关于是否……的问题,如今公众已经展开了广泛的讨论。
vi. ……has become a hot/popular topic among people recently. Opinions vary from person to person. ……已经成为人们谈论的热门话题,不同的人对此有不同的看法。
vii. There is a public/general/much debate/discussion/controversy(论战) today/nowadays about/on/upon/over/as to the problem/issue of……. 关于……的问题,公众已经展开了讨论。
viii. There is an argument/much disagreement/no consensus of opinions among people concerning/over/as to/on……. 关于……,人们的看法不尽相同。
2) There is no consensus of opinion among people as to the view of ……
i. Some people believe/argue/say/maintain/advocate(提倡)/advise/hold/claim/think that…… . 一些人认为……
ii. It is widely/generally/commonly/universally thought/believed/accepted/held that……. To the general/public/poplar mind, ……. 人们通常认为……
iii. Those who criticize/oppose to/object to……argue that……. 那些反对……的人认为……。
分论点
i. There are several advantages in/of…….The fist/biggest one is that……. ……有很多的优点。其中第一个/最大的好处是……。
ii. ……has appositive impact/influence/effect on people’s lives. ……对人类的生活起到了积极的影响。
iii. Most people would agree that there can be no substitute for……. They say that…….Besides, they assert, …… 大多数人认为……是不可替代的。他们认为……。另外他们还认为……。
iv. Another attraction about ……is that…… 另外关于……的另一个优点是……。
v. Moreover, one of the advantages of …… is that…… 另外,……的另一个优点是……。
vi. The most important advantage of …… is that…… ……最重要的优点是……。
vii. We must not lose sight of the fact that there are advantages to ……. More importantly, there can be no substitute for ……. 我们不应当不注意到……有这样的优点。更重要的是,……是不可替代的。
viii. For one thing ……for another thing……What ……we can take it for granted that……
第二段:
1) 承上启下
i. 即使有其优点,但是它们仍然有自身的缺陷。
ii. However, like anything else, they also have their own weakness/limits/negative effects. 和其它事物一样,它们也有着自身的缺点。
iii. However, they are not without shortcomings/faults. 但是它们并不是没有缺点的。
iv. Of course, the disadvantages can not be ignored. 当然,缺点也是不能忽视的。
v. However, just as every thing has two sides, ……also has many drawbacks. 但是正如每个事物都有两面性一样,……也有很多缺点。
vi. Yet others speak of the problems of ……have brought. They complain that……. 但是还有人在谈论它所带来的……问题。他们抱怨……。
vii. However, ……may also bring with it problems our society had not previously faced. 但是,……也有一些我门未曾遇到的问题。
viii. Despite the increase in efficiency and convenience generated by ……,the changes they bring could very well lead to potentially adverse consequences. 抛却……所产生的效率和方便,它们所引发的变化也许会导致潜在的不良后果。
ix. This may be so, but it must be pointed out that …… also that has its drawbacks. 这也许是这样(有好处),……自身的缺陷也应当被指出。
x. However, ……may also cause/bring about/lead to/result in/contribute to some problems. 但是,……依然会带来一些问题。
2) 第二种观点
i. (However a coin has two side)On the contrary , some others think/believe/argue/emphasis/claim/maintain……because……,besides……
ii. However, the negative aspects are also apparent/obvious/evident. To begin with, …….To make matters worse, …….Worst of all, ……. 然而,不足之处也是显而易见的。首先,…。更糟糕的是,……。最后……。
iii. The side effects …… has exerted on human beings can be boiled down to several major ones as follows. First, …….Second, …….In addition, ……. ……对人类所产生的副作用归纳起来有以下几个方面。其一,……。其二,……。此外,……
第三段:
1) As far as I am concerned the former point of view coincides with mine. From what has been discussed above, we may easily draw the conduction that……
2) Unquestionably, the challenge of …… means we all should consider how we can control them, so that they well not control us. 毫无疑问,……的挑战意味着我们应该思考怎样控制它们而不是被它们控制。
3) Whether the …… are a blessing or a curse is a difficult question to answer, yet the desire for the comfort and independence …… can bring will not be eliminated. ……究竟是一个祝福还是诅咒是一个很难回答的问题,但是它所产生的舒适和独立是不会被忽视的。
4) Anyway/Anyhow/In any case, whether the effect is good or bad, one thing is certain: it has changed and will continue to change the way of our entertainment, our leisure and our life. 总之,不管是好还是坏,可以确定的是:它已经并且还将改变我们的娱乐、度假和生活方式。
5) Given the choice between these two methods of ……, I prefer ……. This is because I am the sort of person who finds it difficult to concentrate on ……. 在……两者之间做一个选择,我会选……。这是因为我是这样的一种人,我发现要专注于……是很困难的。
6) ……, I feel, is the only one in which most people feel comfortable applying all their energies to the all-important task of ……. 我认为……是唯一的(一种方式),从而人们在把精力投入到很重要的事情……上的时候会觉得很舒适。
7) There is no doubt in my mind that A nowadays is a far better way to …… than B. 毫无疑问,我认为现在对于做……A是比B更好的方式。
8) In my opinion, the advances made in …… recently have made …… obsolete. 我认为,最近……方面的进步使得……过时了。
9) Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach/draw/come to a conclusion that……. 考虑到所有这些因素, 我们得出结论……。
10) All reliable evidences point to one saying/reflect one fact, that is ……. 将所有可靠的因素归结为一点就是……。
11) For the reasons presented/stated above, I strongly commit to the notion that ……. 从上面提到的原因,我强烈地支持这样的概念是……。
12) While it is true that the argument I disagree hold a little bit of water, I think that ……. 有一个事实是,虽然我不支持的论点也有一些优点,但是我还是认为……。
13) Therefore/So/Hence/Thus, it is safely to draw the conclusion that……. 于是我们得出结论……。
14) To put all into a nutshell, I ……. 综上所述,我……。
15) In my opinion, it is wise to support the statement that it is better to …… . 我认为,最好同意……的论点是明智的。
16) From my point of view, it is wise to chooses A rather than B. 从我的观点来看,选择A而不是选择B将更加明智。
17) At the risk of addressing the issue too direct, the advantages of A outweigh that of B. 请原谅我说得直接一些,A的优点要大于B的优点。
18) There are different views as to/concerning this topic. In my part, I would like to vote for …… . 关于这样一个论题有各种各样的观点,就我个人而言,我倾向于同意……。
19) As far as I am concerned, I have a preference for A over B. 就我个人的观点来看,我选择A而不是B。
20) Both patterns of …… present advantages and disadvantages, however, ……. 以上两种情况都有优缺点,然而……。
21) Certainly, I am aware of that both methods have shortcomings, nevertheless, from my point of view, I am for/vote for ……. 确切地来说两种情况都有一些缺陷,然而从我的观点来看,我倾向于……。
22) The advantages claimed for A over B are4 now being doubted/debated. Nonetheless, measure for measure , I confess that B is more advantages. A要优于B的观点越来越受到质疑,经过左右权衡,我认为B拥有更多的优点。
23) The advantages of A carry more weight than those of B. A的优点大于B的优点。
24) In my point of view, A is as important as, if not more important than, B. so it is sagacious to choose A. 从我的观点来看,A和B一样重要,如果不是更重要的话。所以选择A是比较明智的。
25) No doubt, I prefer A, since there are too many benefits that outnumber its disadvantages of not choosing it. But B, on the other hand, has advantages no more than its disadvantages.毫无疑问我选择A,因为A的益处大大超过了不选择它的缺点,相反B的缺点要大于它的好处。
26) As to me, I think the merits outweigh/carry more weight than the demerits. 我认为利大于弊。
27) But for me, I think what is more important is its positive side. 但就我而言,我认为它积极的一面更加重要。
28) The advantages of/derived from …… far outweigh/are much greater than the disadvantages/problems …… entails. ……的优点远远多于它所引发的问题。
阐释类
¯ 特点:提纲比较随意;与前两类文章有千丝万缕的关系
¯ 文章分类:举现象、说原因、谈感受、论影响
¯ 举现象
ø 单举:For example / For instance / a case in point / take an example for
ø 多举:1. For example……next to……further more……
2. For example……and……also……even……
3. For example……besides……
¯ 论影响:The inspect / effect / influence (harm)of rumor has become more them obvious at that moment . For one thing……for another thing……
Recently the phenomenon has 引起了关注 / …… become a hot topic among people recently / Nowadays,…has become a problem we face.
¯ 解决问题:The key factor to solve this problem is …… / There is no immediate solution to the issue of ……, but ……might be helpful.
¯ 正文:
第一段:引出话题
1) 当前我国/我们社会所面临的最棘手的问题是……。由于它已经严重影响了……,所以也引起了公众的关注。
2) 最近有一项官方报告表明,有至少百分之十/超过四分之一/四分之一的大学毕业生/年轻人/看电视的人……(和1990年相比)。……现象已经引起了公众的关注。
3) Nowadays, …… has become a problem we have to face. 如今……已经成为我们必须面临的问题。
4) Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about the problem …… . 现在越来越多的人开始关注……的问题。
5) Once in a newspaper, I hit upon/came across a report that ……. 我曾经在报纸上看到一篇关于……的报道。
6) Recently, the issue/problem/question of …… has been brought into focus/brought to public attention/posed among public attention. 最近……问题已经成为人们关注的焦点。
7) In recently years, many cities/nations/people have been faced/troubled with the serous problem of ……. 在最近几年里,很多城市/国家/人已经面临……问题/受到……的干扰。
8) Nowadays, more and more people come to realize/be aware of the importance of ……. 越来越多的人开始意识到……的重要性。
9) It is undeniable/There is no denying the fact that …… has become the utmost concern among people nowadays. 不可否认,……已经成为人们最关注的问题。
10) Recently, the rise in the phenomenon of …… has drawn/aroused/captured world wide attention. 最近……现在日益增多已经引起了全世界的注意。
第二段:细节论证
1. 分析原因
i.
ii. 在人们所提出的对……最重要/有说服力的原因当中,有一点值得强调……。
iii. 这个趋势/增长/现象应当被看成是……的一种象征/结果。
iv. ……的增长/改变/失败/成功的主要/部分原因是这样的……。
v. 我们应当在……方面批评……,但这个问题的产生是有更深层次的原因的。
vi. 产生这个显著/非凡增长/变化/下降的原因有很多。一、……
vii. 导致该变化/上升/下降/成功/失败/发展的因素有很多。
viii. 产生……的另一个因素是……。
ix. 另一个因素是……。
x. 为什么……?首先……。其次……。也许最重要/首要的原因是……。
xi. ……是导致……增长/下降的另一个/部分/主要/唯一的原因。
xii. 产生……的原因是众多的,也许它们存在于这样的事实……之中。
xiii. 我们可能百密一疏,产生……的根本原因是……。
xiv. 产生这个复杂现象/趋势的因素是多样的,要把它们找出来不是一件容易的事情。
2. 后果
i. 它将导致……的巨大变化/增长。
ii. 它将产生一系列问题。
iii. 它将对……产生深远的/巨大的/有益的/灾难性的影响
iv. 这会导致一些严重的/致命的后果。
第三段:提出解决方案
1. People have found many solutions/approaches to dealing with this problem. 人们已经找到了许多解决这个问题的办法。
2. We can figure out many ways to relieve the present crisis. 我们可以想出很多办法来缓解目前的危机。
3. Then, how should we solve this problem? Here are some suggestions, which may be of some help. 那么,如何来解决这个问题呢?这里有些建议可能会有帮助。
4. Faced with, we should take a series of effective m
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