专题02--必修三Unit2知识梳理【牛津译林(2020)版】.docx

专题02 必修三Unit2知识梳理-2022-2023学年高一英语第二学期
期末复习【牛津译林（2020）版】

期末复习方向：
1.重点词汇词性拓展
2.重点单词讲解
3.语法讲解

重点词汇词性拓展
injure vt.伤害,使受伤;损害→injured adj.受伤的一 injury n.伤害,损害
react v.起反应; (对…)作出反应;回应→reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应
signal vi. &vt.发信号,示意;标志 n.信号,暗号;标志;信号灯------signalled（过去式、过去分词）---------signalling（现在分词）
occur vi. 发生，出现；存在于→过去分词:occurred→现在分词: occurring→sth occurs to sb.想法等浮现在某人脑海中→不用于被动语态及进行时
relief n.宽慰,轻松;减轻,消除;救济→relieve vt.使减轻
destructive_ adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的， 破坏(或毁灭性)的→destruct v．破坏→destruction n．破坏
inform vt.通知；了解,熟悉→informed adj.见多识广的, 消息灵通的
shock vt.使震惊;使气愤 n.震惊,惊愕;剧烈震动 shocked adj.感到震惊的; shocking adj.令人震惊的
scare vt.&vi.惊吓,害怕n.恐慌;惊吓→scared adj.害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的,吓人的
power n.电,电力；权力；政权;控制力;能力;能量;力量→powerful adj. 强大的，强有力的,效力大 的→powerless adj.无力的;无权的
supply n. 补给, 补给品; 供应; 供应量→supply and demand供应与需求→supply...with...向...提供某物
erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption n．爆发
donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→donation n.捐赠一donor n.捐赠者,赠送者
curious adj.好奇的;奇特的→curiosity n.好奇心→curiously adv.好奇地 对……好奇
preserve vt. 保存；保护；维护;贮存,保鲜;保留n.保护区→preservation n.维护；保护；保持；保养
import n.进口产品,输入的产品;输入vt.进口,引进→export n.出口产品,输出的产品;出口,输出vt.出口, 输出
unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的→bearable adj.可以忍受的→bear vt.忍受
distance n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→distant adj.遥远的
sharp adj.灵敏的;锋利的;急剧的;明显的;尖锐的;强烈的→sharply adv.急剧地;明显地;尖锐地;强烈地 ------sharpen v. (使)变锋利
locate vt. 找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于)→location n.地方；地点→located adj.位于
→be located in位于；坐落在
rescue n.＆vt. 救援，营救，抢救→rescuer n. 救助者→come to one’s rescue来营救某人
→rescue...from...把...从...中营救出来
retire vi.＆vt. 退休，退职→retirement n.退休

词组集锦
escape from 逃脱
at large 整个;全部
hold on to 紧握
in case 以防
remain still 保持不动
safe and sound 安然无恙
to one’s relief 使人安心的是
blow away 吹走;驱散
tie down 约束;栓系
flood in 大量的涌入
Keep one’s head (在困境中)保持冷静

重点单词讲解
injure vt.伤害,使受伤;损害→injured adj.受伤的一 injury n.伤害,损害
严重受伤___be/get badly/seriously injured_________
伤害某人的自尊/情感___injure one's pride/feelings____
Luckily, the_____injured _______(injure) were soon taken to the hospital.

react v.起反应; (对…)作出反应;回应→reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应
作为对……的反应 ___in reaction to_________
连锁反应___a chain reaction_________
对…起反应;对…作出回应 ___react to________
反抗，反对___ react against________

crash n.碰撞声,破裂声;碰撞;崩溃vi. &vt.碰撞,撞击; 崩溃
撞上某物___crash into sth. ________
碰撞……到……上 ___ crash sth. into. sth.________
车祸____a car crash_______
signal vi. &vt.发信号,示意;标志n.信号,暗号;标志;信号灯
示意某人做某事 ___signal (to) sb. to do sth.____
发出信号 __send out a signal_________
接收信号 __receive/pick up a signal _____
我妈妈在示意我将桌子移开
My mother___ is signalling (to) me to remove the table___

hug vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧n.拥抱；搂抱
给某人一个拥抱___hug sb. =give sb. a hug________
热烈地拥抱某人____give sb. a big hug _______
熊抱某人 __give sb. a bear hug/give a bear hug to sb._________

occur vi.发生,出现;存在于→occurrence n.发生;发生的事情
It seldom occurred____to____ him to stop and enjoy the scenery. He was so occupied.
当一些学生身上发生不愉快的事情的时候,我们的老师鼓励他们要保持良好的心态。(occur, keep up)
When something unhappy occurs to some students, our teachers encourage them to keep up a good state of mind.__

relief n.宽慰,轻松;减轻,消除;救济→relieve vt.使减轻
如释重负；松了口气 ____in relief _______
做某事令人欣慰。 ___It is a relief to do sth. ________
终于放心了！ __What a relief !___
使某人欣慰的是____ to one's relief_______

inform vt.通知；了解,熟悉→informed adj.见多识广的, 消息灵通的→information n.信息;消息;情报;资料
通知某人某事 __ inform sb. of sth.__
随时告知某人某事____keep sb. informed of/about sth.____
与inform sb. of sth.结构相同的短语还有:
治好某人的病 ___cure sb. of sth.______
使某人相信某事 __convince sb. of sth.____
提醒某人某事 _remind sb. of sth__________
抢某人的某物 __rob sb of sth_________
使某人摆脱某事 __rid sb of sth_________
指控某人犯有…罪 __accuse sb of sth_____
怀疑某人某事____suspect sb of sth_______

shock vt.使震惊;使气愤n.震惊,惊愕;剧烈震动shocked adj.感到震惊的; shocking adj.令人震惊的
处在震惊中 ____ in shock___
陷入休克状态 ___ suffer from shock____
极大的震惊___a big/great shock ____
震惊某人__give sb. a shock______
令某人震惊的是__ to one's shock____

scare vt.&vi.惊吓,害怕n.恐慌;惊吓→scared adj.害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的,吓人的
恐吓某人做某事 ___scare sb. into doing sth.____
把……吓跑 ___scare... off/away ________
把……吓死 ____scare/frighten... to death _______
害怕(做)某事 ___be scared/frightened/ afraid of (doing) sth. ________
害怕做某事___be scared to do sth.________
恐怖的一刻 ___a scary moment________
恐怖片__ a scary movie _____

power n.电,电力；权力；政权;控制力;能力;能量;力量→powerful adj. 强大的，强有力的,效力大 的→powerless adj.无力的;无权的
断电_power failure ___
核能/风能/太阳能__nuclear/wind/solar power ____
为某人能力所不及 __ beyond one's power ________
在某人的能力(权力)之内 __within one's power ___
执政(强调状态)____be in power _______

supply n.补给,补给品;供应;供应量,储备v.供应,供 给，提供
食物/水/煤气/电供给 ___ food/water/gas/electricity supply______
供求关系 ___supply and demand________
供给不足 ___ in short supply _______
一批；许多____ a supply of ________
为某人提供某物____supply sb. with sth./supply sth. to sb./provide sb. with sth./ provide sth. for sb. __

donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→donation n.捐赠一donor n.捐赠者,赠送者
向某人/某机构捐赠某物____donate sth. to sb. /sth._______
地震发生后,全世界的人向地震灾区捐款捐物。
After the earthquake happened, people all over the world donated money and materials to the quake-stricken areas.

flood n.洪水,水灾;大量vt. &vi. (被)淹没,泛滥;大量涌入； (感觉或回忆)涌上心头,充满
(河水)泛滥 ___ be in flood________
大量……__a flood of... _________
从……蜂拥而出__flood out of sth._________
(感觉或回忆)突然涌现 ___ flood back ________
大量收到某物____ be flooded with sth._______

curious adj.好奇的;奇特的→curiosity n.好奇心→curiously adv.好奇地 对……好奇
好奇做某事 ____be curious about..._______
……真是奇怪。__It is curious that...______
唤起某人对……的好奇 ___arouse one's curiosity about... ____
出于好奇心_out of curiosity _______
带着好奇心；好奇地____ with curiosity=curiously _______

preserve vt. 保存；保护；维护;贮存,保鲜;保留n.保护区→preservation n.维护；保护；保持；保养
保护……免受 __preserve... from/against (doing) sth. _________
为……而保存某事物__preserve sth. for... _________
被保存得很好___ be preserved well ________
成立这个组织是为了保护濒危物种不致灭绝。
The organization was set up to_preserve endangered species from extinction. ___

import n.进口产品,输入的产品;输入vt.进口,引进→export n.出口产品,输出的产品;出口,输出vt.出口, 输出
进口税_____ import duty______
出口许可证____an export permit _______
从……向……出口某物____export sth.from... to..._______

beyond adv.在(或向)较远处；在另一边prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外
为某人能力所不及 ____ beyond one's power _______
某人无权/没有能力做某事 __ beyond one's power to do sth. _________
某人做梦也想不到 __beyond one's wildest dreams_________
难以置信的__beyond belief _________
超过限度____beyond the limit_______
超出某人的理解范围____beyond one's comprehension_____

distant adj.遥远的；冷漠的→distance n.遥远，久远;距离；差异；疏远→distantly adv.遥远地；冷漠地
从远处，离一段距离 ___ at/from a distance ________
在……远的地方 __at a distance of _________
在步行距离之内 __within walking distance_________
(与……)保持距离 ___ keep one's distance (from..)________
与某人保持一定距离 ____ keep sb. at a distance ______

rescue n. &vt.救援，营救,抢救
救援队 __a rescue team _________
来搭救某人____ come to the/one's rescue _______
从……中/处救……__rescue...from..._________
幸运的是，多亏了来救援他们的士兵，他俩都幸免于难。
Fortunately, both of them survived_thanks to the soldiers who came to their rescue.____

sharp adj.灵敏的;锋利的;急剧的;明显的;尖锐的;强烈的→sharply adv.急剧地;明显地;尖锐地;强烈地 sharpen v. (使)变锋利
言语犀利__a sharp tongue ____
公路上的急转弯 ___a sharp bend in the road ____
他膝盖上的剧痛__ sharp pain in his knee______
"What do you mean by that?" Paul asked___sharply ____(sharp).
Anne __sharpened ___(sharp) her pencil and started to do her homework.

locate vt.找出……的准确位置;把 安置在(建造于)→location n.地点,位置
__Located__(locate) in Shandong Province, Mount Tai is famous for its beautiful scenery.
中国位于亚洲的东部，陆地面积约为960万平方千米。
China is located in the east of Asia with the area of about 9, 600,000 square kilometres.

语法讲解
动词不定式可以作句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语 等成分。
1）作主语
To hear from you is nice.
To be a good teacher is not easy.
不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。
It’s nice to hear from you.
It’s not easy to be a good teacher.

2）作宾语
通常用于afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, choose, continue, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, love, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, seek, threaten, trouble, wait, want, wish等动词后面。
I forgot to lock the door.
Please remember to write to me.
记忆口诀：三个希望两答应（hope，wish，want，agree，promise）
一个要求莫拒绝（demand，refuse）
设法学会做决定（manage，decide）
不要假装在选择（pretend，choose）

3）作表语
My job is to pick up letters.
He seemed to have heard nothing.

4）作定语
在the first, the second, the third, the last等之后通常接不定式作定语。作定语时须放在被修饰的名词之后：
He is always the first one to get up.
I have a few words to say on this question.
主动形式表被动含义：
I have a book to read.
It is easy to read.
Have you anything to send?
比较：Have you anything to be sent?
She is the last to come.
He is looking for a room to live in.
There is nothing to worry about.

5）作宾补
通常用于advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, convince, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade, recommend, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn等词后。
He ordered her to leave at once.
He was forced to obey his mother’s order.

6）作状语
不定式作状语时通常表示目的，不定式用作目的状语有两个可能的位置，一是在句首，二是在句末。一般说来，用于句首属于强调性用法，即强调动词的目的。也可用于“be adj. to do”结构中作原因状语。
He got up early to catch the first bus.
To finish the task on time, we have to work hard.
I’m happy to hear the news.
I’m surprised to see him here.
only to...往往表示“意想不到”的结果；never to...可以接后续的结果。so...as to..., such... as to..., enough to..., only to...以及too...to...等结构中的不定式也表结果：
Her father disappeared, never to be heard again.
I went to the bank only to find it was closed.

不定式和现在分词作状语的区别
1.作目的状语。不定式作目的状语，带有很强的目的性，有时可以把(in order) to do置于句首。而现在分词作目的状语时，目的和伴随兼而有之。多放于句末，与主句用逗号隔开。
(In order) to ensure success, we must make a complete and through plan.
You should keep it a secret, trying to protect the plan.
2.作结果状语。不定式作结果状语表示意外的结果。现在分词作状语表示自然的结果。
He returned home many years later, only to find that everything had changed.(意外的结果)
It rained heavily last night, causing the river to rise.(自然的结果)

7）作独立成分
to be honest, to begin with, to start with, to tell you the truth, to make a long story short
To tell you the truth, I told a lie.
To begin/start with, let’s sing a song.
To make a long story short, he succeeded in passing the exam.

8）不定式特殊用法
用it作形式主语或者形式宾语
动词不定式作主语时，如果主语太长，通常用it作形式主语，将真正的主语——动词不定式后置。
For us to learn English well is necessary.
→It is necessary for us to learn English well.
动词不定式作主语时，如果将句子变为疑问句，应使用it作形式主语。
To walk to the station takes twenty minutes.
→Does it take twenty minutes to walk to the station?

9）动词不定式作定语时是否要介词
动词不定式与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，如果动词不定式的动词及不及物动词，或者该动词不定式本身有宾语，其后面应加上与之用法相应的介词。
We are looking for a room to live in.
但被修饰的名词为place, time, way等时，则往往省略介词。
That’s a nice place to work（in）.

10）不定式主动式和被动式作定语区别
动词不定式作定语时，如果其表示的动作为句子的主语发出时，该动词不定式一般用主动式；如果动词不定式表示的动作不是句子的主语发出的，该动词不定式应用被动式。例如：
I am going to the shop because I have something to buy.（“buy”这个动作是句子的主语“I”发出的，故用主动式to buy）
I am going to the shop. Do you have anything to be bought? （“buy”这个动作不是句子的主语“you”发出的，故用被动式to be bought）

11）不定式复合结构
不定式可以与其逻辑主语一起构成不定式复合结构，其形式：“for+名词/人称代词宾格+带to的不定式”。其中的名词或人称代词宾格与不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
It is important for us to learn English well.
但当表语表示不定式的逻辑主语的特征属性时要用of，如：good, kind, nice, wise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, rude, impolite, careless
It is very kind of you to help me. = you are kind to help me.

12）当介词but, except, besides之前有一个实义动词do (助动词do及其变化形式除外)时，后面的动词不定式不带to。此外，在can not but/except, can not choose but/except, can not help but/except这三个固定用法中，but/except之后的不定式也不带to。
The enemy could not choose but surrender.
I could do nothing except agree to his terms.
Can you do nothing but sell the wedding ring?