专题28-普通词汇向高级词汇转化升级.docx

专题28常见普通词汇向高级词汇升级

Part 1
四大词汇优先运用原则
Part 2
词汇升级示例1
Part 3
词汇升级示例2
Part 4
词汇升级示例3
Part 5
词汇升级示例 4
Part 6
词汇升级示例 5

在高中英语考试中，阅卷老师会对一些“高级”词汇尤为偏爱。
但是，大多数同学根本不具备单词升级意识，一想到“好”，就是“good”;一想到“坏”，就是“bad”;一想到“美丽”就是“beautiful”。当老师一天批阅上千份“内容相同、语言低龄”的作文时，她的痛苦感受可想而知。
因此，你一定要避免这些“低能词汇”，让自己的词汇升级、升级再升级!
Part 1四大词汇优先运用原则
【原则一：晚词优先】
老师偏爱“学得晚”的单词，因为使用学得比较晚的单词，可以体现一个人“学以致用”的意识。
adj. 著名的
黯然低分词: famous
闪光高分词: noted; celebrated; renowned
2. adj. 有空的
黯然低分词: free
闪光高分词: available
3. adj. 悲伤的
黯然低分词: sad
闪光高分词: blue; heartbroken; sorrowful
4. adj. 基本的
黯然低分词: basic
闪光高分词: primary; essential; fundamental
5. v. 提高
黯然低分词: improve
闪光高分词: enhance; promote; boost
6. v. 培养
黯然低分词: develop
闪光高分词: cultivate; foster; nurture

7. n. 责任
黯然低分词: duty
闪光高分词: responsibility; obligation
8. n. 优势
黯然低分词: advantage
闪光高分词: merit; benefit; virtue
9. n. 劣势
黯然低分词: disadvantage
闪光高分词: shortcoming; drawback; defect
10.adj.困难的
黯然低分词：difficult
闪光高分词：challenging 有挑战性的
11.adj.重要的
黯然低分词：important
闪光高分词：vital 至关重要的; essential 必不可少的; significant 有重要意义的
12.adj.美丽的
黯然低分词：beautiful
闪光高分词：appealing动人的; attractive 吸引人的; charming迷人的; fascinating 迷人的
【原则二：短语优先优先】
   活用短语是语言能力的一大体现。将常见单词转化为短语不仅能够让阅卷老师耳目一新, 还能让你的作文字数...你懂的。
1. v. 解决
    黯然低分词: solve
    闪光高分词: deal with; work out
2. v. 反对
    黯然低分词: disagree
    闪光高分词: argue against; be opposed to
3. v. 导致
    黯然低分词: cause
    闪光高分词: lead to; result in; give rise to   
4. adv. 通常地
     黯然低分词: usually
     闪光高分词: as usual; as a rule
5. adv. 因此
    黯然低分词: therefore
    闪光高分词: as a result; as a consequence
6. adv. 关于
     黯然低分词: about
     闪光高分词: with regard to; in relation to; with respect to      
7.v. 使用
   黯然低分词：use
   闪光高分词：make good use of
最常见的换词手段：形容词=of+同根名词
黯然低分词：very important 重要的； very difficult 困难的； very beautiful 美丽的； very useful 有用的； very helpful 有帮助的； very harmful 有害的； very valuable 有价值的； very significant 至关重要的； very necessary 必要的
闪光高分词（对应）：of great importance； of great difficulty； of great beauty； of great use； of great help； of great harm； of great value； of great significance； of great necessity
【原则三：具体化词汇优先】
这就要学会换用更为具体的单词来表达自己的思想。 
对比下面句子：
【例句1】I go to school everyday.
【例句2】I ride to school everyday.
很多同学都能感觉到例句2要比例句1好。究其原因，是例句2中的 ride 比例句1中的 go 更加具体：go只表达了“去”的意思，而ride不但表达出“去”的意思，还能表达出具体的交通方式。也就是说，例句2表达的信息量比例句1更加丰富。
【例句3】Mr Wang is a good teacher.
【例句4】Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher.
例句3只表达出Mr Wang是一个“好”老师，而到底“好”在哪些方面，却没有具体说清楚； 例句4则清楚地告诉读者，Mr Wang好在三个方面：和蔼（kind）、耐心（patient）以及知识丰富（knowledgeable）。
因此，我们必须学会换用更为具体的单词表达我们的思想，如：
 v. 学习
黯然低分词：learn
闪光高分词：research研究; pick up偶然学到，顺便学到，轻松学到; master掌握
n. 好老师
黯然低分词：a good teacher
闪光高分词：a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher 一个善良、耐心、博学的老师
当然，除了替换某些表意抽象的单词，我们还可以通过增加细节成分，使表达更为具体，如，例句2可以加上同伴、心情等信息，进一步改写成：I，together with Tom and Jerry, rode to the Zhongshan park yesterday，feeling rather excited.
同样的，例句4也可以加上一个定语从句，写出Mr Wang到底擅长哪些事情，如：
【例句6】Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher who knows how to enlighten us students.
【原则四：大纲词汇的衍生词优先】
(10)adj. 当然地
黯然低分词：certainly
闪光高分词： obviously 明显地;undoubtedly 毫无疑问地;evidently显然地;
　(11)adj. 不开心的
　黯然低分词：sad
 闪光高分词：discouraged气馁的;depressed沮丧的;downhearted垂头丧气的;low-spirited意志消沉的;
Part 2 词汇升级示例1
1.普通词汇:In my opinion/view, you’d better arrive on time because it is polite to be punctual in China.
高级词汇:From my point of view, you’d better arrive on time because it is polite to be punctual in China.
高级词汇:As far as I’m concerned, you’d better arrive on time because it is polite to be punctual in China.

2.普通词汇:(全国卷I)You are so diligent that I’ll try my best to know more about Tang poems.
高级词汇:You are so diligent that I’ll do everything in my power to know more about Tang poems.

3.普通词汇:Try to communicate with the natives in simple Chinese as much as possible, which will help you practice it and master it well.
高级词汇:Try to communicate with the natives in simple Chinese as much as possible, which will help you  practice  it and have a good command of it.

4.普通词汇:When you are in trouble, you can ask me for help.
高级词汇:When you are in trouble, you can turn to me for help.

5.普通词汇:First of all, remember that you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time.
高级词汇:First of all, bear/keep in mind that you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time.

6.普通词汇:Few of us teenagers think our phones are much more important than our friends.
高级词汇:Few of us teenagers attach much more importance to our phones than to our friends.

7.普通词汇:(全国卷I)Some famous Chinese artists will appear and perform at the exhibition.
高级词汇:Some famous Chinese artists will turn up and perform at the exhibition.

8.普通词汇We will leave for the nursing home at 8:00 a.m. on Saturday to accompany the elderly for the Double Ninth Festival.
高级词汇:We will set off for the nursing home at8:00 a.m. on Saturday to accompany the elderly for the Double Ninth Festival.

9.普通词汇:(全国卷I)I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions.
高级词汇:I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account/consideration.

10.普通词汇:When I'm feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to make me happy.
高级词汇:When I’m feeling depressed my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up.

11.普通词汇:Standing at the top of the hill, you can see the whole city.
高级词汇:Standing at the top of the hill, you can catch sight of the whole city.

12.普通词汇:1 would like to express my sincere thanks to you for your help.
高级词汇:1would like to convey my sincere appreciation to you for your assistance.

13.普通词汇:Global warming is greatly affecting hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.
高级词汇:Global warming is having a great effect/ influence/impact on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.

14.普通词汇:The senior students are strongly against being treated unfairly by others.
高级词汇:The senior students are strongly objected to being treated unfairly by others.
高级词汇:The senior students are strongly opposed to being treated unfairly by others.

15.普通词汇:So many students join in the competition, so it is difficult for you to defend your championship.
高级词汇:With so many students participating in the competition, it is difficult for you to defend your championship

16.普通词汇:(天津卷)As a result，I was chosen as a volunteer for the 13th National Games.
高级词汇:As a consequence, I was chosen as a volunteer for the 13th National Games.

17.普通词汇:As far as I know, fallen rocks cut off the only way to the village.
高级词汇:As far as I know, fallen rocks cut off the only access to the village.

18.普通词汇:I'd appreciate it if you could help me when you are free.
高级词汇:I’d appreciate it if you could do me a favour at your convenience.

19.普通词汇:You’d better save some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.
高级词汇:You’d better set aside some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.

20.普通词汇:Through the discussion, we realize the necessity of carrying out a low-carbon economy in our country.
our country.
高级词汇:Through the discussion, we are aware of the necessity of carrying out a low-carbon economy in our country.

21.普通词汇:The doctor strongly advised/suggested limiting the amount of fat in my diet.
高级词汇:The doctor strongly recommended limiting the amount of fat in my dict.

22.普通词汇:All the students are asked to gather at the school gate at 7:00 a.m. and then go to the park on foot.
高级词汇:All the students are required to gather at the school gate at 7:00 a.m. and then go to the park on foot.

23.普通词汇:Professor Hawking is considered as one of the world’s greatest physicists.
高级词汇:Professor Hawking is acknowledged as one of the world’s greatest physicists.

24.普通词汇:When it comes to education, most people believe that it is a lifetime study.
高级词汇:When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that it is a lifetime study

25.普通词汇:They are looking forward to my helping them and they hope to pass the exam successfully.
高级词汇:They are looking forward to my giving a hand to them and they hope to get through the exam successfully.

26.普通词汇:There are still some people in our society dreaming of making a lot of money without hard work.
高级词汇:There are still some people in our society dreaming of making a fortune without hard work.

27.普通词汇:We have no choice but to face failure bravely and learn from it.
高级词汇:We have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it

28.普通词汇:(全国卷I)You’d better arrive ahead of time, which is very important to show your politeness.
高级词汇:You’d better arrive ahead of time, which is of great significance to show your politeness.

29.普通词汇:As the college entrance examination is drawing near, some students are getting more and more nervous.
高级词汇:With the college entrance examination approaching/around the corner, some students are getting more and more nervous.

30.普通词汇:(天津卷)I often surf the Internet to get more information about the history and the culture of Tianjin.
高级词汇:I often surf the Internet to get more information about the history as well as the culture of Tianjin.
Part 3 词汇升级示例2
高频动词
1、认为/宣称：believe/ insist/ maintain/ hold/ argue／assert/ declare/ claim/
＊allege /reckon /contend
2、反对：disagree/argue against/object/ oppose/contradict/
＊dispute/ quarrel/ refute
3、同意：agree/ in favor of/
＊consent/ comply/concur
4、导致：cause/ result in/ lead to/ contribute to/
＊bring about/ give rise to
5、影响：Influence/ impact/ affect
＊have influnence on/ make a difference
6、解决：solve/work out/
＊tackle/ resolve/address
( I can address the issue. 我可以解决这个问题)
7、处理：deal with/cope with/handle
8、从事：carry out/be engaged in/occupy in/
＊undertake/ embark on/ devote oneself to
9、需要：require/ call for/ demand/ request
＊necessitate/ yearn for/ hunger for/ desperate for
10、增进/提高/促进/增强：improve/ enhance/ boost/promote/advance
＊strengthen/ optimize/augment
11、培养：develop/ cultivate/
＊foster/nurture
12、确保：assure/ ensure/ guarantee/promise/
＊pledge
13、减轻（消除）：relieve/ lighten/ take away/ eliminate/
＊clear up/ smooth away/alleviate
14、相联系：connect with/ relate to/
＊contact with/ link to / associate with
15、依赖于：depend on/ rely on/ rest on/
＊ count on/ lean on/ reckon on/ bank on
16、忽视：ignore/ overlook/ neglect/ pass over/
＊turn a blind eye to/ disregard
17、改变：change/vary/alter/transform/convert/
＊modify/shift/ reorganize
18、认出(辨别）：recognize/tell from/distinguish/
＊spot/ pinpoint/differenciate
19、伤害：damage/destroy/ weaken/
＊devastate/ impair/ ruin/ spoil
20、意识到：be aware of/realize/ recognize/
＊be apprehensive of
21、激发(唤起）：encourage/ motivate /stimulate/
＊spur/trigger/intrigue/provoke/evoke
22、完成：complete/ finish/
＊fulfill/ achieve/accomplish/realize
23、保留（保护资源）：keep/ hold/ preserve/ conserve/
＊retain/reserve/safeguard
24、组成/占据：comprise/ compose/ consist of/ be made up/ occupy/take up/
＊account for/constitute

高频名词
1、个人：individuals/ people/folks/persons/
＊characters/citizens/dwellers
2、老年人：old people/ the old/the elderly/ the aged/
＊advancing years/ senior citizens
3、孩子/ 青少年：children/ kid/ teenager/ youngster/ youths/
＊adolescents/juvenile
4、影响：impact /influence/effect
5、好处：advantages/strengths/ merits/
＊the upside/ boons/the strong points
6、坏处：disadvantages/ weaknesses/ demerits/
＊the downside/banes/ the weak points/drawbacks/flaw
7、原因：reason / factor/ cause
＊whys/causation
8、发展：development/ progress/ growth/
＊advancement/ evolution/ innovation/prosperity/blossom
9、能力：ability/ power/ skill
＊capacity/ competence/talent
10、多样性：diversity/ difference/ variety/
＊range/ variation/ multiformity
11、职业：job/ career/ employment/ vocation/ position /
＊profession / occupation
12、压力：stress/ burden/ pressure/
＊tension/ strain/ stresses/ strains
13、娱乐：enjoyment/entertainment/amusement/
＊pastimes/recreation
14、老师：teachers/educators/ lecturers/tutor
＊instructors
15、教育：education/schooling/
＊family parenting / upbringing
16、环境：environment/circumstance/
＊surroundings/ atmosphere/ ambience
17、社会（公众）：society/ public/ general public
＊community / the masses

高频形容词
1、重要的：important/ significant/ vital/ key/ pivotal/

＊critical/ crucial/ indispensable/ imperative/ salient/ paramount

2、积极的/好的：beneficial/ positive/

＊favorable/profitable/ rewarding/aspiring/advantageous

3、消极的/坏的：harmful/ negative/damaging/detrimental/

＊destructive/devastating

4、常见的/普遍的：usual/ common/regular/

＊widespread/habitual/typical/universal/prevalent

5、充足的/丰富的：adequate/ abundant/ sufficient/

＊ample/ affulent/ luxious/ lavish

6、流行的：popular/ fashionable/ prevailing/

＊prevalent/pervasive

7、明显的：obvious/ apparent/ remarkable/

＊manifest/crystal-clear/conspicuous

8、现代的：modern/ current/ present /

＊up-to-date/ contemporary/updated

9、相似的：similar/ alike/

＊resembling

10、健康的：healthy/ fit

＊robust/ sound/ wholesome

11、有活力的：energetic/ vigorous/

＊dynamic/ animated

高频副词
1、急剧地：dramatically/ sharply/ hugely/ markedly/

＊drastically/enormously/substantially/significantly/considerably

2、平稳地：steadily/ smoothly/

＊marginally/gradually/moderately/mildly

3、大约：about/ almost/ nearly/

＊roughly/approximately

4、毫无疑问地：doubtlessly/undoubtedly

＊unquestionably/ beyond any shadow of the doubt

高频短语
1、大量的：a host of/ a vast number of / a vast amount of /a great deal of/

＊an array of/ an army of/an ocean of/ a sea of/ a multitude of /a host of/ many..., if not most( many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that...)

2、(在)当代：at present/ in contemporary society/ in this day and age/

＊in present-day society/ in modern age

3、事实上：actually/in fact/ in practice /as a matter of fact/

＊virtually/in essence/in reality

4、换言之：that is to say/in other words/to put it differently/

＊to put it from another way/ to put it from another angle

5、与…相比：compared with/in comparison with/

＊by contrast/ on the contrary

6、充满了：be filled with/ be full of /

＊be inundate with/ be awash with/ be saturated with

7、努力：struggle for / strive for /

＊spare no efforts for/ aspaire after
核心词汇
解决：solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle

损害: damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardise

给予: give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford

培养: develop, cultivate, foster, nurture

优势: advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength

缺陷: disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness

使迷惑: puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle

重要的: key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, integral, imperative, pivotal

认为: think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced of protect, conserve, preserve

确保: assure, ensure, guarantee

有害的: bad, baneful, evil, harmful, destructional, detrimental

要求: reque