Unit-2单元重点语法Grammar构词法(外研版2019).docx

Unit 2 重点语法构词法
一、单项选择
1．Which of the following words is formed like “unimportant”?
A．incorrect B．afternoon C．scientist D．hopeful
2．Which of the following is NOT a compound word (合成词)?
A．railway B．tour C．housework D．grandson
3．The wedding dress is inexpensive but well-made. In the word inexpensive, the in- means________.
A．very B．more C．not D．less
4．“For a moment, he was speechless. Happiness seemed to fill his body and stick in his throat.”
Which word is formed in the same way as “speechless"?
A．disappear B．dangerous C．footprint D．impossible
5．The word “careless” has a suffix. Which of the following word does NOT have a suffix?
A．careful B．visitor C．meaning D．certain
6．Which of the following is NOT a compound word?
A．helpless B．wartime C．hard-working D．blackboard
7．Which of the following words is formed like “housework”?
A．dishonest B．careless C．speaker D．pancake
8．Which word ________ is created in the same way as “blackboard”? They are both compound words(合成词).
A．careful B．impolite C．illness D．headache
9．Which of the following word can’t create a new word with “-ship”?
A．friend B．relation C．scholar D．business
10．“The changeable weather here in spring is like a baby’s face: one moment it is tearful, another moment it is full of sunshine; sometimes sad and sometimes full of laughter.” Which word in the sentence has a different way of creating a new word?
A．changeable B．tearful C．sunshine D．laughter
11．Which of the following words is created in the same way as “blackboard”?
A．impolite B．careless C．British D．pancake
12．The Battle at Lake ChangJin is my favourite film. It is not an imaginary story but a true experience of Chinese soldiers (士兵) in wartime.
Which of the following is created the same way as the word “wartime”?
A．bookworm B．achievement C．carelessness D．dangerous
13．Canada is mainly an ________ country.
A．English-speaking B．speak-English C．spoken-English D．English-spoken
14．We can’t put prefix “un-” to ________ to give it the opposite meaning.
A．correct B．comfortable C．certain D．interesting
15．We can put ‘’un-’’ before the following words to give them the opposite meaning except（除了）________.
A．correct B．comfortable C．certain D．interesting
16．What a terrible snowstorm! Which of the following words is created in the same way as the word “snowstorm”?
A．tourist B．careless C．unhealthy D．railway
17．If you can’t read the article, it will be meaningless to you. The -less in the word “meaningless” means ________.
A．with B．without C．full of D．part of
18．We can’t put the prefix “un-” to_______ to give it the opposite meaning.
A．correct B．comfortable C．certain D．interesting
19．We can put the prefix “un” before the following words to give them the opposite (相反的) meaning except (除了)________.
A．certain B．usual C．important D．active
20．Which of the following words is formed the same way as “toothache”?
A．useless B．unusual C．lovely D．weekday
21．The word “retell” means “to tell again”; “reuse” means “to use again”; “________” probably means “to play again”.
A．replay B．misplay C．display D．interplay
22．They want to build a _________ bridge over the river.
A．2-kilometers-long B．2 kilometers-long C．2-kilometer-long D．2-kilometer long
23．Eiffel Tower is a famous landmark in Paris. Which of the following words is created in the same way as the word “landmark”?
A．worldwide B．hopeless C．unpleasant D．surprising
24．Which of the following words is formed like “dishonest”?
A．important B．international C．uncomfortable D．interviewer
25．We can put “un-” before the following words except _________.
A．correct B．comfortable C．certain D．interesting
26．which of the following prefix (前缀) doesn’t mean “no” ?
A．un- B．re- C．im D．dis
27．Which word can NOT be add the prefix “in-” to give it the opposite meaning?
A．complete B．direct C．correct D．proper
28．Which of the following words is created in the same way as “blackboard”?
A．careless B．impolite C．happiness D．bookshop
29．Which of the following words is formed in the same way as snowball?
A．daily B．actor C．pancake D．discussion
30．We cannot add 'un-' to________to give it the opposite meaning.
A．possible B．happy C．interesting D．friendly
31．There are many models of places of ________ from all over the world in the World Park.
A．interest B．interesting C．interested D．more interesting
32．The Golden Gate Bridge is a famous landmark in San Francisco, the USA．Which of the following words is created in the same way as the word landmark?
A．unpleasant B．useless C．summertime D．surprising
33．Which of the following words is formed in a different way?
A．celebration B．best-seller C．hard-working D．friendship
34．Which of the following words has a different prefix to make it have an opposite meaning?
A．usual B．polite C．friendly D．certain
35．Half- time is a ______ for players______.
A．ten minutes period ; to rest B．ten-minutes period ; rest
C．ten-minute period ; to rest D．ten-minute-period ; to rest
36．She spoke________ to the frightened child.
A．gently B．gentle C．gentleman D．gentlely
37．Li Lanjuan, a _______ Chinese medical scientist, led people against the COVID-19. She is considered as a true hero.
A．73-years-old B．73 year old C．73-year-old D．73 years old
38．Which of the following words is formed like “impossible”?
A．reporter B．blackboard C．dishonest D．harmless
39．Becky________girl, wants to be a reporter.
A．a 8-year-old B．a 8-years-old C．an 8-year-old D．an 8 years old
40．Which of the following words CAN NOT add the suffix “er” to form a noun?
A．speak B．play C．farm D．visit
41．— What ______ you, dad?
—I was ______ that the dog could do so many useful things for the disabled.
A．surprised; surprised B．surprising; surprising
C．surprised; surprising D．surprising; surprise
42．Which of the following suffixes is used to form an adjective?
A．-less B．-ness C．-tion D．-ion
43．We cannot add “un-” to to give it the opposite meaning.
A．certain B．important C．comfortable D．possible
44．Which of the following words is created in the same way as dishonest?
A．impolite B．government C．blackboard D．careless
45．Which of the following words is formed the same way as “toothache”?
A．communication B．unimportant C．careless D．countryside
46．Which of the following words has a different prefix to make it have an opposite meaning?
A．happy B．possible C．interesting D．certain
47．Which of the following words is formed like “schoolwork”?
A．inventor B．raincoat C．careless D．unhappy
48．—What are you going to do after the exam?
—We'll have a________ holiday.
A．three week's B．three-weeks C．three weeks D．three-week
49．The suffix in the word healthy means “__________________”.
A．not B．full of C．without D．having the quality of
50．- We’re lost in the mountains. It’s ______ for us to find the way.
- Don’t give up. Let’s keep trying.
A．hopefully B．hope C．hopeless D．hopeful
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
51．It’s _______ (possible) for me to finish the project alone. I need help.
52．I would like to visit Paris. It is one of the great tourist ________ in the world. (attract)
53．After working for a whole day, Jane lay back ________ on the bed. (comfortable)
54．The festival is celebrated to welcome the ________ of spring. (arrive)
55．It is not surprising that dogs can express themselves ________ and honestly. (clear)
56．The weather is a bit ________ these days, so it’s easy to catch a cold. (usual)
57．All of us felt very ________ (comfortable) because of the long journey.
58．We should help the ________ (able) people. Life is hard for them.
59．The teacher announced an ________ result that everyone couldn’t believe.(expected)
60．Thanks very much for your_________(kind).
61．When I help others, I have a strong _________(feel) of satisfaction.
62．We often see some ________ people in the street in some poor countries. (home)
63．One ________ of reading e-books is maybe the lighting or small screen. (advantage)
64．When her son goes out, the mother is worried about her son’s ________(safe).
65．In China, many people think “4” is an _______ (lucky) number. They like “6” and “8” very much.
66．He is such a __________ (honest) person that we all don’t believe him.
67．It’s _______ (believable) that he made so much progress.
68．A big storm made it _____________ (possible) for us to go out.
69．It’s ________ (polite) to talk about subjects like age, weight or money.
70．I think it’s _______ (fair) for him to do all the housework.

参考答案：
1．A
【解析】
句意：下面哪个单词的构成形式类似于“unimportant”？
考查构词法。incorrect不正确的，correct前加否定前缀in-；afternoon下午，是after和noon合成；scientist科学家，把science中的ce变成t，再加ist；hopeful充满希望的，hope后面加后缀-ful。单词“unimportant”是important前加否定前缀im-而来，与A选项的构成方法相同。故选A。
2．B
【解析】
句意：以下哪项不是合成词？
考查构词法。railway（rail+way）铁路，是合成词；tour旅行，不是合成词；housework (house +work)家务活，是合成词；grandson (grand+son) 孙子，是合成词；其中A、C和D项均是由“名词+名词”组成的合成词。故选B。
3．C
【解析】
句意：这件结婚礼服不贵，但做工很好。在“便宜”这个词里，in-的意思是“不”。
考查构词法。very非常；more更多；not不；less很少。根据单词构词法可知，前缀in是“不”的意思，表达否定意义。故选C。
4．B
【解析】
句意：他一时说不出话来。幸福似乎充满了他的身体，卡在他的喉咙里。哪一个词形成方式和“speechless”是一样的？
考查词义辨析。disappear消失；dangerous危险的；footprint足迹；impossible不可能的。speech是名词，后缀加上less是形容词。B选项dangerous的构成跟它一样，danger是名词，后缀加上ous是形容词，故选B。
5．D
【解析】
题意：careless这个单词含有一个后缀，下面哪个单词没有后缀?
考查构词法。careless不小心的，是由单词“care”和后缀“less”构成的。careful小心翼翼的，是由单词“care”和后缀“ful”构成的。visitor参观者，是由单词“visit”和后缀“or”构成的。 meaning意义，是由单词“mean”和后缀“ing”构成的。certain肯定的，没有后缀。故选D。
6．A
【解析】
句意：下列哪一个不是复合词？
考查复合词。helpless是由动词help和形容词否定后缀less构成，属于派生词；hard-working是由副词hard和动名词working构成；blackboard是由形容词black和名词board构成；wartime是由名词war和名词time构成，意为“战时”。故选A。
7．D
【解析】
句意：下面哪个单词和“housework”的构成类似？
考查构词法。dishonest不诚实的，是由“否定前缀dis-+形容词honest”构成；careless粗心大意的，是由“名词care+否定后缀-less”构成；speaker讲话者，是由“动词speak+名词后缀-or”构成；pancake煎饼，是由“名词pan+名词cake”构成。“housework”是由“名词house+名词work”构成，所以“pancake”和“housework”构成类似。故选D。
8．D
【解析】
句意：哪一个单词的构成和“blackboard”一样？它们都是合成词。
考查构词法。careful细心的；impolite不礼貌的；illness疾病；headache头疼。“blackboard”的构成是单词“black 黑色的”和单词“board板”合成的。“headache”的构成是单词“head头”和单词“ache痛”合成的。可知D选项单词符合。故选D。
9．D
【解析】
句意：下面哪个词不能与“-ship”造新词？
考查构词法。friendship友谊；relationship联系，亲属关系；scholarship学问，奖学金；business商业。D项business不能与“-ship”造新词。故选D。
10．C
【解析】
句意：“这里春天变化无常的天气就像一张婴儿的脸：一会儿哭，一会儿充满阳光；有时伤心，有时大笑。” 句子中哪个词有不同的构词方式？
考查单词的构词法。changeable可变的，是由名词change加形容词后缀able构成的形容词；tearful哭泣的，是由名词tear加形容词后缀ful构成的形容词；sunshine阳光，是合成词，是由sun和shine合成；laughter笑声，是由动词laugh加名词后缀ter构成的名词。故sunshine跟其他三个词由不同的构词方式。故选C。
11．D
【解析】
句意：下面哪个单词是用与“blackboard”相同的方式创造出来的？
考查构词法。impolite属于加前缀派生；careless属于加后缀派生；British属于转化所得；pancake属pan与cake合成。题干中blackboard是black与board两个词合成的，pancake与其构词法一致。故选D。
12．A
【解析】
句意：《长津湖战役》是我最喜欢的电影。这不是一个虚构的故事，而是中国士兵在战争时期的真实经历。下面哪个单词的构词法与“wartime”一致？
考查构词法。bookworm书呆子，合成词，由book+worm两个名词合成的；achievement成就，派生词，由动词achieve+名词词尾ment构成；carelessnes粗心的，派生词，由careless+后缀ness构成；dangerous危险的，派生词，由名词danger+后缀ous构成；wartime战时，合成词，由war+time两个名词合成；因此，bookworm与wartime构词法一致。故选A。
13．A
【解析】
句意：加拿大主要是一个说英语的国家。
考查构词法。English-speaking说英语的；speak English说英语，不用连字符连接；spoken English口语，不用连字符连接。English-spoken英语口语。根据空后的“country”是名词可知，前要用形容词修饰；an English-speaking country表示“一个说英语的国家”，固定表达。故选A。
14．A
【解析】
句意：我们不能在correct前加前缀un-来表示它的相反的意思。
考查单词结构。correct正确的，反义词为incorrect不正确的；comefortable舒服的，反义词为uncomfortable不舒服的；certain确定的，反义词为uncertain不确定的；interesting有趣的，反义词为uninteresting无趣的，只有correct不是加un-前缀变的反义词，故选A。
15．A
【解析】
除了下面哪个单词，我们可以在下列单词前面加上“un-”赋它们反义词义。
考查单词词义辨析。correct正确的，加in变为反义词，incorrect不正确的；comfortable舒服的，uncomfortable不舒服的；certain当然，确实，uncertain不确定；interesting有趣的，uninteresting无趣的。故选A。
16．D
【解析】
句意：多可怕的暴风雪啊！以下哪个单词和“snowstorm”是用同样的方式创造的？
考查构词法。tourist游客；careless粗心的；unhealthy不健康的； railway铁路。分析词形结构，snowstorm是由snow和storm两个名词组成的合成词；结合选项，railway由rail和way两个名词合成，其他词是由一个词根加后缀“-ist; -less”或前缀“un-”变来的。故选D。
17．B
【解析】
句意：如果不会读这篇文章，它对你来说就是没有意义的。单词“meaningless”中“-less”的意思是没有。
考查词缀意思。with和……一起；without没有；full of充满；part of部分；英语中less是一个表示否定意思的后缀，从句意中我们也可以看出，不会读文章，那么文章对你来说就是没有意义的，所以less就是“没有”的意思，故选B。
18．A
【解析】
句意：我们不能在“correct”前面加上前缀“un-”来表示相反的意思。
考查构词法。correct正确的；comfortable舒服的；certain确定的；interesting有趣的。根据构词法可知，correct用前缀“in-”表示相反的意思。故选A。
19．D
【解析】
句意：我们可以把前缀“un”放在下面的单词之前，除了哪一个，其他会成为它们相反意思的词？
考查构词法。certain确定的；usual寻常的；important重要的；active积极的；A、B、C项的单词前面加-un都可以成为原本单词的反义词；即uncertain不确定的；unusual不同寻常的；unimportant不重要的；active的反义词是inactive。故选D。
20．D
【解析】
句意：下列哪个词的构成方式与“牙痛”相同？
考查构词法。useless无用的；unusual不寻常的；lovely可爱的；weekday工作日。toothache中的tooth是名词“牙齿”，ache是名词“疼痛”。结合选项，week是名词“周”，day是名词“日子”，week和day都是名词，故选D。
21．A
【解析】
句意：单词“retell”意味着再说一次；“reuse”意味着再用一次；“replay”意味着再玩一次。
考查词义辨析。replay重放；misplay失误；display显示；interplay相互影响。根据“The word “retell” means “to tell again”; “reuse” means “to use again””可知，表示“再……一次”的单词前缀用re，故选A。
22．C
【解析】
句意：他们想在这条河上建一座2公里长的桥。
考查复合形容词。数词、名词和形容词构成复合形容词，名词必须是原形，词与词之间加连字符“-”。结合选项，可知2-kilometer-long符合语法规范，故选C。
23．A
【解析】
句意：埃菲尔铁塔是巴黎著名的地标。下面哪个单词的构词法和单词“landmark”一样？
考查构词法。worldwide世界各地的；hopeless无望的；unpleasant 不愉快的；surprising令人惊讶的。分析“landmark”可知这是由名词land（陆地）和名词mark（标记）构成的合成词，hopeless和 surprising是单词(hope/surprise)+后缀（-less/-ing）构成的派生词，unpleasant是由前缀un+单词pleasant构成的派生词，worldwide是由名词world（世界）和形容词wide（宽的）构成的合成词；故选A。
24．C
【解析】
句意：以下哪个词的构词类似于“dishonest”？
考查构词法。important重要的；international国际的；uncomfortable不舒服的；interviewer采访者。dishonest中dis-是否定前缀，加在“honest诚实的”前面，dishonest意为“不诚实的”；结合选项，un-是个否定前缀，加在“comfortable舒服的”前面，uncomfortable不舒服的。dis-和un-都是否定前缀。故选C。
25．A
【解析】
句意：除哪个之外，我们能够在下列单词前加个前缀un？
考查形容词词义辨析。correct正确的；comfortable舒服的；certain确定的；interesting有趣的。否定前缀un-主要放于名词，形容词，副词前面；in-常加在形容词，名词之前。根据题意要求uncomfortable不舒服的，uncertain不确定的，uninteresting没趣的，只有A不可以，correct应加前缀in。故选A。
26．B
【解析】
句意：下面哪个前缀不是“不”的意思?
考查前缀辨析，-un、-im、dis三者都有否定意义，例如unhappy“不开心的”；impolite“不礼貌的”；dislike“不喜欢”。-re是含有“再，又”的含义，例如review“复习”，故选B。
27．D
【解析】
句意：哪个词不能加前缀“in-”来赋予它相反的意思？
考查构词法。complete完整的；direct直接的；correct正确的；proper恰当的；根据构词法，词语如果是b；m；p开头，一般用im前缀；故选D。
28．D
【解析】
句意：下列哪个单词和“blackboard”的构词法相同？
考查构词法。careless粗心的，它是由care+后缀less构成的形容词；impolite无礼貌的，它是由前缀im (表示否定)+polite构成的形容词；happiness幸福，它是由happy(把y变 i)+后缀ness构成的名词；bookshop书 店，它是由book+shop构成的合成词；blackboard黑板，它是由black+board构成的合成词。因此“bookshop”与“blackboard”的构词法相同。故选D。
29．C
【解析】
句意：下列哪个词的构成方式和snowball相同?
考查构词方式。daily日常的，派生词，由名词day变y为i加ly构成形容词；actor演员，派生词，在动词act后面加后缀or构成名词；pancake煎饼，合成词，由pan和cake合成名词；discussion讨论，派生词，由动词discuss加后缀ion变成名词。题中snowball意为“雪球”，合成词，由snow和ball合成名词，所以pancake和其构成方式相同，故选C。
30．A
【解析】
句意：我们不能在possible前加上“un-”来表示相反的意思。
考查构词法。possible可能的，反义词是impossible；happy开心的，反义词是unhappy；interesting有趣的，反义词是uninteresting；friendly友好的，反义词是unfriendly。故选A。
31．A
【解析】
句意：世界公园里有许多来自世界各地的名胜古迹的模型。
考查名词短语。interest名词，兴趣；interesting形容词，有趣的；interested形容词，感兴趣的；more interesting形容词比较级，更有趣的。此处构成“places of interest”短语，意为“名胜古迹”，故选A。
32．C
【解析】
句意：金门大桥是美国旧金山的著名地标建筑。下面哪个单词的构词法和单词landmark一样？
考查构词法。unpleasant不愉快的；useless无用的；summertime夏天；surprising令人惊讶的。分析landmark可知这是由land和mark构成的合成词，给出的四个选项中只有选项C的summertime是由summer和time构成的合成词。故选C。
33．A
【解析】
题意：下面的单词的构成不同类的一项是哪个?
考查构词法。celebration庆祝，是动词“celebrate”去掉“e”加后缀“ion”变成的名词。best-seller畅销书，是“best”和“seller”合成的单词。hard-working努力的，是“hard”和“working”合成的单词。friendship友谊，是“friend”和“ship”合成的单词。构词法不同类的是A选项。故选A。
34．