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重难点09 固定搭配
随着高考命题由知识型向能力型的转化，对英语常用动词搭配（包括短语动词）的考查方式也日趋灵活多样。因此复习备考时针对动词搭配这一考点要活跃思维，提高解题能力。
熟练掌握固定搭配结构，熟背固定句型是得满分的必备要求。
句式1：It /This / That is /was the first /second /... time that...
考法1 该句型表示 “这/那是第一二次……”, 从句常用完成时。当主句为一般现在时或一般将来时，从句用现在完成时；当主句为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。
考法2
①、It is( about high) time that... 意为“到某人做…的时候了”，从句谓语用过去式(be动词用were)或“ should+动词原形”。
②、It is time( for sb...)to do 是(某人)做…的时候了。
③、the first time可起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。
④、for the first time 意为“第一次”，在句中单独作状语。
经典例句
●The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power，it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...
漆黑的夜晚,风雨交加,电闪雷鸣,我全然被这种力量镇住了;这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…
● And this is the first time I've visited your hometown. 这是我第一次去你的家乡。
句式2、“make+it+adj.+( for sb./sth.) to do sth."结构
考法1 在该结构中, it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式结构，it后的形容词为宾语补足语，for用于引出不定式的逻辑主语。
考法2
①、能用于上述结构的动词还有 consider, think, find, believe, feel, judge等。
②、该结构中的宾语补足语除了可以用形容词外，还可以用名词(词组)。
③、真正的宾语除了可以用不定式结构之外，还可以用that引导的从句。
经典例句
●Does this disability make it difficult for them to do some things?
这种残疾会不会使他们在做一些事情时有困难呢?
●He made it clear that he wanted me to stay for another week. 他清楚地表示他希望我能再待一周。
句式 3 not all...部分否定
考法 not all...表示部分否定。具有全体意义的代词或副词both, every, everyone, everywhere, everybody, everything, always, entirely, completely, wholly, altogether等，可与not连用构成部分否定。
经典例句
●Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.
各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，对身体接触和相互间距离感到舒服自在的程度也并不一样。
句式 4 ever since句型
考法1 ever since意为“从……以后一直”，主句要用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。具有类似用法的时间状语还有 so far, up till now, by now, recently, lately, since last month, "in/for/during/ over the past/last+一段时间”，since...ago等。
考法2 It is/ has been-+时间段+ since...自从…...已经多久了。It will be//was+时间段+ before...再有多长时间才…... ，在“It is/ has been+时间段+ since...”句型中,若 since从句中的谓语动词用的是延续性动词的过去式,句子意思要发生变化，表示该动作结束有多长时间了。
经典例句
●Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.
从中学起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想进行一次伟大的自行车旅行。
●Greece's best writers lived in ancient Athens. Their work has influenced other writers ever since.
希腊最著名的作家们生活在古代的雅典。他们的作品影响了后世的作家。
●It was exactly five years since her father had died. 从她父亲去世到现在正好满五年。
●It is a long time since he studied English. 他不学英语好长时间了。
句式 5 too+adj./adv.+ to do sth. 太…而不能做某事
考法1 too在此意为“太; 过于; 过度”, 该句式具有否定意义, 可以转换为“not+adj./adv.+ enough to do sth.”或“so+adj./adv.+that...not...”句式。
考法2 并不是只要出现“too+adj./adv.+ to do sth.”结构, 句子就表示否定意义。
①、too前面有否定词 never或can't时, 表示强烈的肯定意义。
②、too相当于very, 表示“很; 非常”, 修饰kind, ready, willing, eager, anxious, satisfied, happy, glad等表示态度、心情的形容词时, 表示肯定意义。
③、too前面有all, only, but修饰时, all too/ only too/ but too意为“很; 极; 非常…(到令人遗憾的地步)”, 表示肯定意义。
经典例句
●I'm too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future! 我现在忙于享受生活, 无暇担心将来!
● Nothing is too small to celebrate. 即使是小事也值得庆祝。
●It' s never too old to learn. 活到老学到老。
●You cannot be too careful to cross the street. 你过马路时越小心越好。
●He is too willing to follow others' advice. 他非常愿意接受别人的建议。
●They are all too satisfied to do this work. 他们都很乐意去做这项工作。
●That' s only too true. 那千真万确。
● It was but too true. 很遗憾, 那是真实的。
句式 6 It was a time when...
考法 It /This /That / There was a time when... 意为“曾经/一度/那时……”, when在此句型中引导定语从句。
经典例句
●It was a time when the killer whales, or "killers"as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
那个时期, 虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。
● It was a time when anything seemed possible. 那是一个看似任何事都可能发生的时代。
句式 7 祈使句+and/or/ otherwise+陈述句
考法 “祈使句+and/or/ otherwise+陈述句”为常见句型, 其中祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句, and之后的句子相当于主句, 所以用一般将来时。如果祈使句与陈述句之间为顺承关系(表示一个肯定条件), 则用连词and连接; 如果它们之间是转折关系(表示一个否定条件), 则用连词or或 otherwise连接。在该句型中,祈使句有时也可换成名词短语。
经典例句
●Get up early, and you'll catch the early bus. =If you get up early, you'll catch the early bus.
早点起床, 你将会赶上早班车。
●Get up early, or you'll miss the early bus. =If you don't get up early, you'll miss the early bus.
早点起床, 否则你会错过早班车。
句式 8 be supposed to do sth.结构
考法1 当“ be supposed to.”的主语为人时, 意为“应该……”或“被期望”, 它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等, 相当于情态动词 should.。
考法2 当“ be supposed to..”的主语为物时, 它表示“本应; 本该”, 用于表示“某事应该发生而没有发生”。
考法3 be supposed to have done sth. 理应做过某事(但可能没有做)(含有虚拟含义)
suppose sb./sth.to be... 认为某人/某物是…
It is supposed that... 人们认为…
be supposed to be... 被认为/料想是…
经典例句
●We' re supposed to check out of the hotel by11o' clock. 我们应该在11点之前从酒店退房。
●The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy and the development of adult identity.
大学时期应当是自主性和成人身份认同的重要成长期。
●Jack is supposed to have finished his work now. 杰克现在应当已经完成工作了。
句式 9 be doing..when...正在做…这时…
考法1 在此句型中, when意为“这时”, 相当于 and then。
考法2 when意为“就在这时; 恰恰在这时”时, 还常用在下列句型中:
be about to do... when... 正打算做…..这时…...
be just going to do... when... 正要做……这时…...
had just done...when... 刚做了……这时…...
be on the point of doing...when... 正要做…...这时…...
经典例句
●He was walking to school the other day when he let a bicycle run right into him.
前些天他正步行去上学,突然有辆自行车迎面撞上了他。
●I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door. 我刚想出门,这时有人敲门。
●I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
我刚到办公室,我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。
●The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady's handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.
小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中, 这时公共汽车突然停了。
句式 10 so that引导的从句
考法 1 so that意为“以致;结果”, 引导结果状语从句。
考法2 so that也可表示“以便; 为了”, 引导目的状语从句。
考法3 so that引导结果状语从句与目的状语从句的区别
so that引导目的状语从句时, 从句中常含有情态动词may/might, can/ could, should, would等, 可与 in order that换用; 而引导结果状语从句时, 从句中一般不用can和may等词。
经典例句
●She worked hard so that (in order that everything would be ready in time.
她努力工作,为的是及时作好各项准备。(目的状语从句)
●He worked hard at his lessons, so that he gained high grades in the exams.
他努力学习,结果考试获得了好成绩。(结果状语从句)
句式 11 as...as...引导比较状语从句
考法
①、as...as...结构中, 第一个as为副词, 第二个as为连词, 引导比较状语从句, 从句常用省略形式; 第二个as也可作介词, 后接名词或代词。
②、同级比较的否定形式为 not so//as.as
③、可修饰倍数、百分数、分数等, 如 twice, three times ,half, a quarter等, 被修饰成分须置于第一个as之前。
当as...as...中间有名词时, 其结构为:“as+adj.+a/an+n (可数名词单数)+as”或“as+adj.+n.(可数名词复数或不可
数名词)+as”。
经典例句
●This film is as interesting as that one. 这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
●I haven't known him as long as you (have known him). 我认识他的时间没有你长。
●This dictionary is not so useful as you think. 这本词典不如你想的那样有用。
●Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的包比我的贵一倍。
句式 12 so... that...句型
考法1 so... that...意为“如此……以至于…, that引导结果状语从句, 其结构为:
①、so+ adj. /adv. + that...
②、so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+ that...
③、so+many/few+可数名词复数+ that...
④、so+much/ little((少)+不可数名词+that...
考法2 such... that...也引导结果状语从句, 其结构为:
①、such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that...
②、such+adj.+可数名词复数+that...
③、such+adj.+不可数名词+that...
当 so.../such...位于句首时, 句子要部分倒装。
经典句型
●And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it!
我的记忆量变得如此巨大,甚至连我自己都无法相信!
●Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?
谁没有收到过如此恼人以至于毁掉了一整天的邮件呢?
●Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned about the multiplied nutria that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. =So concerned about the multiplied nutria were scientists in Louisiana that they decided to pay hunters$5 a tail.
路易斯安那州的科学家们如此担心海狸鼠泛滥, 以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴5美元付给猎人们。
●It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.=It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
天气如此热, 谁也不想干任何事。
●I made so many mistakes in the composition that the teacher criticized me.= So many mistakes did I make in the composition that the teacher criticized me.
我在作文中犯了许多错误,老师批评了我。
句式 13 “of + n."结构
考法
①、“of+n.”结构中的名词是抽象名词时, 相当于该名词所对应的形容词的意思, 说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性, 在句中可作表语、定语或宾语补足语。具有该用法的名词有: use, importance, help, value, interest, benefit等。这些名词前可用great, no, little, some, any, not much等修饰, 以表示不同程度。
②、“of+n.”结构中的名词表种类、数量、度量等时, 表示不同的人或物的共同特征,此时名词前通常有冠词。常用的这类名词size, type, kind, price, height, depth, length, weight, age, shape, color等。
③、“of+n.”结构还可以表示人的特点、特性, 常用的有“of+ wealth/ education/ courage/ achievement/ ability”等。
经典句型
● These two rooms are of the same size. 这两间房一样大
●Your sister is a girl of wisdom. 你妹妹是一个有智慧的女孩
句式14 only if句型
考法1 only if引导的条件状语从句, 是一个对“条件”限制更严的“限制性条件状语从句”，表示“只有…(才);只有在…...的时候; 唯一的条件是…” 的意思；与if引导的一般条件句相比，它有一种增强主句语势的作用
考法2 【拓展】 if only：意为“要是……该多好；但愿”，常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾。它可以独立使用，表示由于客观条件限制，为某事不大可能或完全不可能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情，常用虚拟语气：表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用had done；表示与现在相反的愿望，从句谓语用did(be动词用were)；表示与将来相反的愿望，从句谓语用“ would/ could/might+动词原形”。
经典例句
●Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在那里时，天空中其他行星的运转才能说得通。
●If only you had not told Tom what I said, everything would have been all right.
要是你没有把我的话告诉汤姆就好了，那样就不会出什么问题了。
句式15 “find+sb./sth.+宾语补足语”复合结构
考法
①、 find+sb./sth. Doing 发现某人/某物在做(表主动)
②、find sb./sth.done 发现某人/某物被……(表被动)
③、find oneself in//at... 发觉自己在/处于…...
经典句型
●Well, toward nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
哎,傍晚时分，我发现自己被一阵大风刮到了大海上。
●I think you'll find more women entering the film business now.
我想你会发现现在有更多的女性进入到电影业。
句式 16 as though/if引导的从句
考法
①、as though/if意为“好像”，引导表语从句和方式状语从句。
②、as though/if引导的表语从句和方式状语从句使用虚拟语气时，若表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用过去时；若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语用过去完成时；若表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语用“ would/ could//might++动词原形”。
③、如果 as though/if引导的从句所表示的内容与事实相符,则使用陈述语气。
④、as though/if引导的从句可用省略形式，后面直接跟名词、不定式、形容词、介词短语或分词。
经典例句
●The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
这个国家处处都有樱花，看上去就像是覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。
● It sounds as though you had a good time. 听起来你好像过得挺愉快。
●As if unsure of where she was, she hesitated and looked around.
她仿佛茫然不知身在何处,犹犹豫豫向四周打量。
●It seemed as if the end of the world had come. 似乎世界末日来临了一样。
句式 17 Nothing could be better... 表示最高级含义
考法1 此句表示“没有比这更好的了(这是最好的了)”，为否定词和比较级连用，表达最高级的含义。常用的否定词有no，not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等。
考法2 比较级表最高级含义的多种表达方式:
比较级 + than +all the other+名词复数
比较级 + than +the other+名词复数
比较级 + than + any other+名词单数
比较级 + than +any of the other+名词复数
比较级 + than +anything/anyone else
经典句型
●He had never felt less like talking to anyone.
他从未如此不想和任何人谈话。
●Ican' t agree with you more..我完全同意你的意见。
●.---Did you sleep well last night? ---Never better, like a rock.
你昨晚睡得好吗? 从来没这么好过,睡得很沉。
句式18 by the time.+从句
考法1 “ by the time++从句”意为“当……的时候”，只是说过去某个时候的状况主句常用一般过去时,而不用完成时。
考法2 by the time引导时间状语从句，意为“到……时候为止”。
①、如果从句用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时、表示截止到
从句动作发生时,主句动作已经完成，即“过去的过去”
②、如果从句用一般现在时或现在完成时(表将来)，主句常用现在完成时或将来完成时，表示截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成。
考法3 “by+时间状语”，主句也应用相应的完成
经典例句
●He was out of breath by the time he reached the top. 登上峰顶时,他气喘吁吁。
●By the time he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.
到14岁的时候,爱因斯坦就已经自学完了高等数学。
●By the time you get back, I shall have finished the work.
到你回来时,我将已经把工作都做完了。
句式19 what if句型
考法1 what if意为“如果…将会怎样；即使……又有什么关系”，为省略结构，相当于 What shall we// I do if...? what if中what可看作 what should sb.do(某人该怎么办)或 what does it matter(有什么要紧)或 what would happen(将会如何)的省略。
考法2 【拓展】
①、 What for? 为什么? (相当于 For what purpose）?
② 、So what? 那有什么了不起/有什么关系?
③、What/ How about..?…… 怎么样?
④、Guess what! 猜猜看!
⑤、What's up? 怎么了?(相当于What' s the matter?)
⑥、How come...? 怎么会……?
经典例句
● What if it isn't a real opportunity? 假如它不是一个真正的机会，将会怎么样?
●I try to figure to myself what if I hadn't seen the other car coming on the wrong side of the road.
我在设想，如果我没有看到另一辆汽车从错误的车道开过来的话，会发生什么。
●So how come you got an invitation and not me? 所以为什么你收到了邀请而我没有?
句式 20 wish后的宾语从句
考法 wish后接宾语从句，意为“但愿……；希望……”，往往指与事实相反或表示不太可能实现的愿望，从句常用虚拟语气：表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语常用一般过去时，be动词用were；表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语常用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用“ could/ would+动词原形”。
经典例句
● I wish I had not created this creature; I wish I were on the other side of the world; I wish I could disappear.
但愿我没有制造出这个家伙；但愿我身处世界的另一边；但愿我可以消失得无影无踪! (第一个wish后的从句表示与过去事实相反的愿望；第二个wish后的从句表示与现在事实相反的愿望；第三个wish后的从句表示与将来事实相反的愿望。)
● Sometimes I wish I could phone him and ask for his opinion!
有时我真希望能跟他打电话征求他的意见! (与将来事实相反)
1.动词短语
2.介词短语
3.固定句型
1.动词短语
2.介词短语
3.固定句型
真题链接
（限时30分钟）
1.（2021高考全国甲卷改错) Who will you go in times of trouble?
【答案】go后面加to
【解析】考查动词短语go to, 此处表示在遇到困难的时候你会去找谁？
2.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Orange trees are more______ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
【答案】than
【解析】考查介语短语。 此处意为“橘子树不仅仅是装饰品”,more than“不仅仅，不只是”。故填than。
3.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The artist was finally humbled(谦卑)by the greatest artist ________earth,Mother Nature.
【答案】on
【解析】句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家--大自然母亲所折服。onearth“在世界上”，故填 on。
4.(2020·江苏高考)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for_______(what).
【答案】whatever
【解析】 句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧，然后全力以赴。此处作goes for的宾语,指代“任何事情”,whatever符合语境。
5.(2020·浙江高考)Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ________，through agriculture.
【答案】in
【解析】句意:公元前10,000年以后， 们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世 界。“they lived________ ”为定语从句，修饰先行词the world,先行词在从句中作宾语，即they lived in the world。live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。
6.(2019·浙江高考)The answer ________this question is not clear.
【答案】to
【解析】句意:这个问题的答案尚 明确。the answer 18 to.….“……的答案”，为固定搭配。
7.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In their cages the monkeys were provided ________touch screens.
【答案】with
【解析】此处考查动词短语。 provide sb with sth“供应某人某 物”，故填 with。
8.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Wang Shu,a 49-year old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize-- which is often referred______as the Nobel Prize in architecture-on February 28.
【答案】to
【解析】: 句意:在2月28日，49岁的中国建筑师王澍获得了2012年普利兹克建筑奖，该奖项被誉为“建筑界的诺贝尔奖”。refer to...(as..)“提到;谈及;说起”。
9. (2018·北京高考)-Good morning,Mr Lee's office.
-Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment_____ next Wednesday afternoon.
【答案】for
【解析】此处表示“我”想预约下个星期三下午(的时，间)。make an appointment for后接时间，意为“约定于……”。故此处用介词for。
10.(2018·天津高考)The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的),keeping their eyes on me ________curiosity.
【答案】with
【解析】句意:客厅的人们很爱窥探似的，好奇地一直盯着我。with curiosity“好奇地;带着好奇心”。
10. (2018·江苏高考)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls________ a clear road map and timetable.
【答案】for
【解析】句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。Call for表示“需要”。
11. (2020·山东高考)Museums must compete __________ people's spare time and money with other amusements.
【答案】for
【解析】 句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。compete for“为了……竞争”，为固定短语。
12.(2018·江苏高考)There are solutions that could light a path _______a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can't clumsily put them together be
fore us.
【答案】towards
【解析】句意:虽然有指引通向可 持续的、公平 的农业经济的解决方案，但是农民们不 把这些方案 展现在我们面前。towards“通向……”。
13.(2020·全国卷I改错)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove,I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.
【答案】off→on
【解析】句意:之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据“I poured oil into a pan”及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以应使用短语 turn on。故将 off改为on。
14. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ改错)I'm glad to know that you've come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.
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