键和花键的公差与检测.pptx

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,一、键和花键的作用,The functions of keys and splines,键与花键常用于轴与轴上的传动件之间的可拆卸联结,:Keys and splines are usually used at the detachable connections which are between the driving mediums of shafts and on shafts.,1,、传递转矩和运动,Transmit torques and movements.,2,、当配合件之间要求作轴向移动时，起,导向作用,They play the guiding roles when it is required to make axial movements between matching parts.,二、键和花键的分类,The classifications of keys and splines,键：,平键,、,半圆键,、,切向键和楔形键联结,Keys:flat keys,woodruff keys,tangential keys and wedge bonds.,花键：,矩形花键,、,渐开线花键,和,三角形花键,联结。,Splines:Square splines,involute splines and triangular spline connections.,三、平键配合 的精度设计,The precision designs of flat key fits,包括：尺寸精度设计,形位精度设计,表面粗糙度的精度设计,Including:Size precision designs,Form and position designs,The precision designs of surface roughnesses,The types of keys,Flat key,Round key,Taper key,The label of keys,Such as:b=18,h=11,L=100,round common flat keys label is,Key C18x100 GB1096-79,1,、尺寸精度设计（,1,）,Size precision design(1),平键联结的基本构成,：,由键、轴键槽、轮毂键槽构成。在工作时，通过键的侧面与轴槽和轮毂槽的侧面相互接触来传递转矩。,The basic forms of flat key connection:It is formed by key,keyway and wheel hub.when in working,it transmits torques through the mutual contact between the side face of key and the side face of wheel hub.,配合尺寸：键和轴槽、轮毂槽的宽度尺寸。,Fit dimensions:The width dimensions of keys,axial troughs and wheel hubs,非配合尺寸：如键高、键长、轴槽深、轮毂槽深等。,Non fit dimensions:Such as key height,key length,axial trough depth and wheel hub depth.,A,A,L,b,h,d-t,1,d+t,2,t,1,t,2,A,A,表,6-1,普通平键的键槽的剖面尺寸及极限公差,(,摘自,GB/T1095-2003)mm,Table 6-1 The section sizes and limit sizes of common flat keys section sizes of the key grooves mm,轴,键,键,槽,公称直径,d,键尺寸,bh,宽度,b,深度,半径,r,基本尺寸,b,轴槽宽与毂槽宽的极限偏差,轴,t,1,毂,t,2,松联结,正常联结,紧密联结,轴,H9,毂,D10,轴,N9,毂,JS9,轴和毂,P9,基本尺寸,极限偏差,基本尺寸,极限偏差,min,max,6,8,22,2,+0.025,0,+0.060,+0.020,-0.004,-0.029,0.0125,-0.006,-0.03l,1.2,+0.10,1.0,+0.10,0,0.08,0.16,8,lO,33,3,1.8,1.4,10,12,44,4,+0.030,0,+0.078,+0.030,0,-0.030,0.015,-0.012,-0.042,2.5,1.8,12,17,55,5,3.0,2.3,0.16,0.25,17,22,66,6,3.5,2.8,22,30,87,8,+0.036,0,+0.098,+0.040,0,-0.036,0.018,-0.015,-0.051,4.0,5.0,+0.20,3.3,+0.20,0,30,38,108,10,3.3,0.20,0.40,38,44,128,12,+0.043,0,+0.120,+0.050,0,-0.043,0.0215,-0.018,-0.061,5.0,3.3,44,50,149,14,5.5,3.8,50,58,1610,16,6.0,4.3,58,65,1811,18,7.0,4.4,65,75,2012,20,+0.052,0,+0.149,+0.065,0,-0.052,0.026,-0.022,-0.074,7.5,4.9,0.40,0.60,75,85,2214,22,9.0,5.4,注,:(d-t),和,(d+t,1,),两组合尺寸的极限偏差按相应的,t,和,t,1,的极限偏差选取。但,(d-t),的极限偏差应取负号。,平键结构示意图：,Flat keys abridged general views,L,A,A,b,d-t,t1,d+t,2,h,d,A,A,不容易测量,Not easy to measure,容易测量,Easy to measure,不容易测量,Not easy to measure,容易测量,Easy to measure,考虑测量的方便与可能,Think about the conveniences and possibilities of measurements,1,、尺寸精度设计（,2,）,：,Size precision design(2),平键联结的配合制,The fit systems of flat key connections,公差带,h8,Tolerance zone h8,The side faces,of keys,Standard parts,Wheel hubs,Axial troughs,Shaft-basis system of fits,配合种类,Fit types,一般键与轴槽配合要求较紧，键与轮毂槽配合要求较松，相当于一个轴与两个孔相配合，且配合性质不同。,The fit requirements between keys and axial troughs are commonly tighter while the fit requirements between keys and wheel hubs are loose and they equal to the fits between one shaft and two holes and the fit properties are different.,国家标准规定三种公差带,构成三种配合形式：,较松键联结、一般键联结和较紧键联结。,National standards provide three kinds of tolerance zones to form three kinds of fit forms:Loose key connections,common key connections and tighter key connections,平键公差带图,Flat key tolerance zone picture,+0,-,b,h8,H9,D10,h8,N9,JS9,h8,P9,P9,键宽公差带,Key width tolerance zone,轴槽公差带,Axial troughs,轮毂公差带,Hub tolerance zone,较松键联结,Loose key connections,一般键联结,Common key connections,较紧键联结,Tighter key connections,表,6-2,平键联接的配合与应用,Table 6-2 The fits and applications of flat key connections,配合种类,尺寸,b,的公差带,应 用,键,轴槽,轮毂槽,较松联结,h8,H9,D10,键在轴上及轮毂中均能滑动，主要用于导向平键，轮毂可在轴上移动,一般联结,N9,JS9,键在轴槽中和轮毂槽中均固定，用于载荷不大的场合,较紧联结,P9,P9,键在轴槽中和轮毂槽中均牢固地固定，比一般键,联,接配合更紧。用于载荷较大、有冲击,和双向传递扭矩的场合。,2,、形位精度设计,Shape and position precision design,保证键宽与键槽宽之间具有足够的接触面积和可装配性,To guarantee that there are enough contact area and assemblability between key width and keyway width.,轴键槽对轴的基准轴线和轮毂槽对孔的基准轴线的,对称度公差,The symmetry tolerances that shafts keyway faces shafts datum axis and wheel hub faces holes datum axis.,一般可按对称度公差,79,级,选取,It is commonly selected and chosen according to symmetry tolerances 7-9 calss.,3,、表面粗糙度的选择,The selections of surface roughnesses,配合面,Fit surface,Ra,：,1.63.2m,非配合面,Non fit surface,Ra,：,6.3m,。,4,、轴的标注示例,The label examples of shaft,0.02 A,50,-0.2,0,58r6,（）,+0.060,+0.041,A,3.2,3.2,12.5,1.6,16N9,（）,0,-0.043,1、标注槽深,d-t1,及公差,Label groove depth d-t1 and tolerances,2、标注槽宽,b,及公差,Label groove width b and tolerances,3、标注对称度公差,Label symmetry tolerances,4、标注表面粗糙度,Label surface roughnesses,5,、轮毂的标注示例,The label examples of hubs,58H7,（）,+0.03,0,A,3.2,3.2,16JS9,（）,0.021,0.02 A,60.3,0,-0.2,1.6,1、标注轮毂深,d+t,2,及公差,Label hub depth d+,t,2,and tolerances,2、标注槽宽,b,及公差,Label groove width b and tolerances,3、标注对称度公差,Label symmetry tolerances,4、标注表面粗糙度,Label surface roughnesses,四、花键配合的精度设计,Precision designs of spline fits,种类,Types,Rectangular key,Involute spline,Serration spline,特点,Features,可靠，强度高，可以传递较大的转矩。,Independent,high strength and can transmit bigger torque,孔、轴定心精度高和导向精度高,The centering precision and guide precision of hole and shaft are high,矩形花键结构示例,The structure examples of rectangle splines,Rectangle splines,Internal splines,External splines,1,、尺寸精度设计（,1,）,Size precision design(1),基本尺寸,：,小径,d,、大径,D,、键槽宽,B,。,Basic sizes:Minor diameter d,major diameter D and keyway width B,尺寸精度：,花键联结的主要要求是保证内、外花键的同轴度，以及键侧面与键槽侧面接触均匀，保证传递一定的转矩。国家标准规定采用小径定心，即,把小径的结合面作为定心表面，规定较高的精度；其它两个尺寸规定较低的精度。,Size precision:The main requirements of spline couplings are to guarantee the coaxialites of internal and external splines as well as the,uniform contacts of keys side faces and keyways side faces to guarantee transmitting certain torques.National standards provide adopting small diameter fixed center which regards small diameters faying face as centering surface and provides higher precision.The other two sizes provide lower precisions.,1,、尺寸精度设计（,2,）,Size precision design(2),矩形花键的分类：,The classifications of rectangle splines,按使用要求分,：分为一般使用与精密传动两种。,According to operating requirements:It is divided into two kinds as common usage and precision transmission,按联结使用要求分,：分为滑动、紧滑动和固定三种配合类型。,According to connection usage requirements:It is divided into three kinds of fit types as slippage,tight slide and fixed.,每种情况下花键配合的公差等级都不相同。,The tolerance grades of spline fits in each condition are different,配合制,基孔制,Fit systemHole-basis system of fits,三种定心方式：,Three kinds of centering ways,大径,D,定心,Large diameter,D,centering,小径,d,定心,Small diameter,d,centering,键宽,B,定心,Key width,B,centering,The centering ways of,rectangular spline connections,国家标准,GB,T1144-2001,矩形花键尺寸、公差和检验,规定矩形花键用,小径定心,National standard,GB,T11442001 ,The sizes,tolerances and tests of square splines,provide thatsquare splines use,small diameter fixed center,矩形花键结合的极限与配合,The limits and fits of the combinations in square splines,分为两种情况：,It is divided into two conditions:,一般用途矩形花键；,General service square splines,精密传动用矩形花键。,Square splines for precision transmission,为了减少加工和检验内花键用的花键拉刀和花键量规的规格和数量，采用,基孔制,配合。,We adopt basic hole system fits to reduce the specifications and quantities,of spline gauges and spline broaches which are used to reduce processing and testing internal splines.,2,、形位精度设计,The design of form and position precisions,因为小径是花键联结的定心尺寸，必须保证其配合性质，所,以内、外花键小径,d,的极限尺寸应遵守包容原则,，即花键孔和轴的小径不能超越最大实体边界。,Because minor diameter is the centering dimension of spline couplings and must guarantee its fit properties.So the limit sizes of inner and external splines minor diameters should abide by enveloping principles that the minor diameters of spline holes and shafts are not supposed to overstep maximum material boundary.,为保证装配性和键侧受力均匀，规定,花键的位置度公差应遵守最大实体原则,，即不能够超过实效边界。,To guarantee the assemblabilities and key side to get uniform forces.The position tolerances of splines are stipulated to abide by maximum material principles that the position tolerances are not allowed to overstep the actual effect boundary.,花键图样标注示例,Examples of spline pattern annotations,3,、表面粗糙度的选择：,Choice of surface roughness,4,、内、外花键标注示例：,Examples of inner and external spline pattern annotations,矩形花键的尺寸公差带代号和配合代号按照花键规格规定的次序标注，即,N,d,D,B,。即：,Square splines,size tolerance zone codes and fit codes are labeled according to the orders set by spline specifications.,内花键：,6,28,H6,32H10,7H9 Inner splines,外花键：,6,28,g5,32a11,7f7 External splines,花键副：,Spline pairs,