计算思维四种思维方式的举例.doc

Decomposition 分层思维
Decomposition is the process of breaking large problems into smaller parts. These smaller parts are easier to understand, making the problem easier to solve.
分层思维是将一个大问题拆解成许多小的部分。这些小部分更容易理解，让问题更加容易解决。
How do we make a hamburger? 怎样制作汉堡包？
We can break it down to its ingredients: 我们可以将汉堡包分成几个部分
Upper bun 最上层的圆面包
Lettuce 生菜
Tomato 西红柿
Cheese 奶酪
Beef patty 牛肉馅饼
Lower bun 下层的圆面包
Pattern Recognition 模式识别
Pattern recognition is the process of identifying patterns and trends among the parts of a problem. You can find patterns from previous experiences and apply them to other problems as well!
模式识别是识别不同问题中的模式和趋势（共同点）的过程。你能从以往的经验中得到规律并且举一反三将它运用到其他的问题中。
Sequential patterns are when you arrange items in sequence:
顺序模式是按顺序排列项目（所有物品）
Grouping patterns are when you group items that are similar:
分组模式是将相似的项目(物品)分成一个组
Algorithmic Thinking 流程建设
Algorithmic Thinking is the process of solving a problem step by step. When you get ready for school, tie your shoelaces...you’re using it in daily life without realising!
流程建设是一步步解决问题的过程。当你准备去学校，系好了鞋带….你却没有意识到你已经在日常生活中使用流程建设了
We can plan a schedule for the day with it: 我们可以用它来计划一天的日程安排
7.00 早上7.00
Wake up 起床
9.00 上午九点
School 去学校
15.00 下午三点
Practice sports 做运动
21.00晚上九点
Sleep 睡觉
We can draw Doodle step by step: 我们来一步步地涂鸦
1. Draw a circle 1. 画一个圆圈
2. Add 2 ears… 2.加上两个耳朵…
3. Add a mane… 3.再加上头发…
4. And a face! 4.再画上一张脸！
Abstraction 抽象化
Abstraction is the process of removing unnecessary information to focus on what is essential.
抽象化是关注关键信息，忽略不必要细节的过程
Can you guess what these shapes are?
你能猜到这些图形是什么吗？
If you guessed them correctly, that’s abstraction! You have focused on their defining features.
如果你猜对了，那你就知道什么是抽象化了。你要关注它们最典型的特征。
Can you guess where these animals live?
你能猜出来这些动物生活在哪里吗？
That’s right, underwater -- you can guess by focusing on their fins, which they use to swim!
对了！在水里面—你能从它们的鱼鳍看出来，那是它们用来游泳的！