专题09-动词语态(初高考点差异及衔接)(解析版).docx

动词语态（初高考点差异及衔接）

初中要求
8种常见时态的被动语态表达形式：①一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词；②一般过去时：was/were+过去分词；③现在进行时：am/is/are being+过去分词；④过去进行时：was/were being+过去分词；⑤一般将来时：will be+过去分词；⑥过去将来时：would be+过去分词；⑦现在完成时：has/have been+过去分词；⑧过去完成时：had been+过去分词。
高中要求
我们将学习到更复杂的语法结构，因此主动语态和被动语态也会相对复杂一些。被动语态在高中阶段，因为往往出现在较复杂的句子结构和词汇中，因而需要在学习的时候认真记忆词汇并分析句子结构。

【初中被动语态考点聚焦】
考点一　一般现在时的被动语态
1.Every year in early October, Albuquerque International Balloon Festival is h　　　in Albuquerque, the biggest city in New Mexico. 
答案　held　句意:每年10月初,阿尔伯克基国际热气球节在新墨西哥州最大的城市阿尔伯克基举行。本题考查动词的语态。根据句意可知,此处意思是“举行”,且表示被动,故填held。
2.There is also Hershey, which is well　　　(know)as the chocolate company. 
答案　known　短语be well known as...意为“作为……而著名”。
3.It’s also 　　　(call)the Double Ninth Festival. 
答案　called　它又被称作重阳节。根据语义可知本句应为被动语态,应用过去分词called。
4.—How clean your car is!
—Thank you.It　　　 (wash)very often. 
答案　is washed　句意:——你的汽车多干净啊!——谢谢你。它常常被清洗。考查被动语态。It指汽车,动词wash和It之间是被动关系,故用被动语态,由very often可知应用一般现在时。
5.When you　　　 (give)a difficult task,try to continue with it and finish it. 
答案　are given　句意:当给你一项困难的任务时,要尽力继续做并且完成它。由句意可知主语you为动作give的承受者,又根据主句为祈使句,可知从句应用一般现在时的被动语态。
考点二　一般过去时的被动语态
一、填空题
1.Last week Professor Li was　　　(邀请)to make a speech on Chinese traditional festivals. 
答案　invited　句意:上周李教授受邀就中国传统节日发表了演讲。本题考查动词。根据句中的was和中文提示可知此处应填invited。
2.Pennsylvania　　　(give)to the Penn family later. That is how Pennsylvania got its name. 
答案　was given　句意:宾夕法尼亚后来被授予Penn家族。此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。
3.Emily is glad that she 　　　(praise) for her honesty at that meeting. 
答案　was praised　句意:Emily很高兴,在那次会议上她因为她的诚实受到了表扬。本题考查被动语态。she 和praise之间是被动关系。由at that meeting可知,从句应用一般过去时,故使用一般过去时的被动语态。
4.These model cars　　　 (make)in China in 2013. 
答案　were made　本题考查动词的被动语态。根据时间状语in 2013可知,此处应用一般过去时;model cars 应是“被制作”,故用被动语态。
5.Everybody　　　 (move)deeply after they heard the story. 
答案　was moved　句意:每个人听了这个故事之后都被深深地感动了。本题考查动词的被动语态。由heard可知本空应用一般过去时。everybody和move之间是被动关系,所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。
考点三　一般将来时的被动语态
1.—Which sport are you in at the school sports meeting?
—No decision yet. I think it 　　　(decide) after discussing with my PE teacher. 
答案　will be decided　此处表示“我认为在和体育老师讨论之后这件事就会被定下来”。逻辑主语it和decide之间存在被动关系且是还未决定的事,所以用一般将来时的被动语态。
2.You’ll be p　　　 if you break the traffic rules. 
答案　punished　句意:如果你违反交通规则,你将要受到惩罚。本句是含if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句,主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。主句中主语与punish为被动关系,所以应用一般将来时的被动语态,故填punished。
3.A new road　　　(build)near my school next year. 
答案　will be built　句意:在我的学校附近有一条新路明年将被建成。本题考查被动语态和时态。句子主语为A new road,它与build之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,时间状语为next year,所以用一般将来时的被动语态。
考点四　含有情态动词的被动语态
1.Children should　　　(educate)to be honest from a young age. 
答案　be educated　句意:孩子应该从小被教育要诚实。本题考查动词的被动语态。children和educate之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;又因设空处前有情态动词,故应用含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+动词过去分词。
2.Teenagers should 　　　 to take care of themselves from a young age. 
A.educate B.be educating C.have educated D.be educated
答案　D　句意:青少年应该从小时候就被教导自己照顾自己。本题考查被动语态。由于本句中主语与谓语构成被

【高中被动语态考点聚焦】

(一)被动语态的构成
英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。被动语态由“助动词be＋过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数和句子的时态、语气的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式见下表：
时
体　　
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
is/am/ are done
was/were done
will/shall be done
would/ should be done
进行
is/am/are being done
was/were being done
－
－
完成
have/has been done
had been done
will/shall have been done
would/ should have been done
(二)不能用被动语态的特殊动词
1．系动词类(look，seem，feel，taste，sound，prove，appear等)。
2．表示主语特征的词(read，wash，write，sell，wear，lock等)，常与not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副词连用。
This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料容易洗。
(三)get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等
We get paid by the week.我们按周获得薪酬。
(四)主动形式表示被动意义
1．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing/to be repaired.这房子需要修理。
2．在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”中不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
The problem is difficult to work out.这道题很难计算出。
3．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。
Who is to blame for the mistake?谁应为此错误接受谴责？
The house is to let.此房出租。
（五）被动语态的注意点
1. 不知道或不必指出动作的执行者时。
Computers are widely used in transport.
计算机被广泛运用于交通领域。
2. 强调动作的承受者时。
A third ring will be built around this city.
这座城市将建一条三环路。
3. Much has been said but little has been done about the issue. 关于这件事, 说得太多, 做得太少。
4. 出于修辞的需要, 使用被动语态可以使句子更加简练、匀称。
The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English.
这项计划受到那些希望有更多机会说英语的人的支持。
5. 科技文献、新闻报道中常使用被动语态。
The plan was celebrated on March 14, 1988.
这个计划是在1988年3月14日庆祝的。
6. 用于一些固定句式中。
It is hoped that. . . 　希望……
It is supposed that. . . 据推测说……
It is known that. . . 据说……
用所给词的适当形式填空
On the last day of our week-long stay, we ______(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.  
解题关键: 根据语境可知此处应用一般过去时, 且根据空格后的to attend可知此处主语we与invite之间为被动关系, 应用一般过去时的被动语态。
答案判定: were invited

用所给词的适当形式填空
1. In their cages the monkeys were provided (provide) with touch screens.  
2. (People can be given (give) the information earlier and take steps to improve their health before it’s too late.  
3. Now over 25, 000 stuffed animals have been donated (donate) to agencies worldwide.  

一．用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Since the very beginning, the technological base needed for 5G 　　　 (consider). 
2.These dams are sometimes six or seven hundred feet in length, and they 　　　(construct) so delicately that they look more like the work of man than of little dumb beasts.  
3.Later, Nelson 　　　(award) the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of his work.  
4.Over the years the topics which were controversial at the time 　　　(discuss) and debated. 
二．单句改错
5.Every one of you are encouraged to visit it.　　　　　 
6.The voluntary activity was offered us an opportunity to contribute to our society.　　　　　 
7.When we arrived, we were warmly welcome by them.　　　　　 
8.Since last winter, the smog has been occurred a lot of times.　　　　　 
【答案】
1.has been considered2.are constructed3.was awarded4.have been discussed5.are→is6.删除was7.welcome→welcomed8.删除been
三．语法填空
一
On the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, a year 　1　 (divide) into 24 solar terms. The solar terms 　2　(create) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. 
White Dew (Bailu) is the 15th solar term and indicates the real beginning of cool autumn. The temperature 　3　(decline) increasingly with the white dew on the grass and trees seen in the morning. In many places of China, the air is clear, with the sky in great height and the clouds in peace. The gentle wind can often 　4　 (feel)blowing. 
Back in the old days, gathering the white dew from plants 　5　 (be)a Chinese tradition. Bencao Gangmu, a Chinese herbology document, written by Li Shizhen over 400 years ago 　6　 (say)the white dew can 　7　 (use) as tea which 　8　(taste) sweet with its pleasant smell and has cooling effects on the body and keeps people healthy. 
In Southern China, people tend to eat longans on 　9　 day. They believe the fruit can bring good luck, make people stay calm and cure some typical conditions. 
Yu the Great was an admired ruler in ancient China,who was famous for controlling floods, his governance of the Xia Dynasty, and his moral character. When it comes to White Dew every year, 　10　(fisherman) in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces will hold a week-long ceremony to honor Yu the Great, hoping he can bring them luck and wealth. 
【答案】1.is divided　2.were created　3.declines　4.be felt 　5.was　6.says　7.be used　8.tastes　9.the　10.fishermen　
二
On March 28, seven 　1　 (month) after Manu Ginobili decided to retire from the NBA, the San Antonio Spurs held a moving ceremony sincerely to show great respect to him and to retire his jersey(球衣)No. 20, which 　2　 (consider) a fitting end to one of the greatest careers in international basketball.  
That day, his fans 　3　 (scream) out“Gracias Manu, por todo”, or “Thanks for everything, Manu”in English. 
The Argentine-Italian shooting guard played all 16 of his NBA seasons with the Spurs. He was an 　4　 (importance) part of San Antonio's “Big Three” era(时代), along 　5　 Tim Duncan and Tony Parker. Together they helped the team win four NBA championships between 2002 and 2014. 
Of course on this big day, Ginobili 　6　 (seat) between Duncan and Parker. 
“Whenever I think about you, you 　7　 (be) unique as a player,”Parker said at the ceremony. 
Their coach Gregg Popovich then 　8　 (explain) Ginobili's uniqueness. “The way the team 　9　 (set) up, we all needed each other,” he said. “If it were not for Manu,there 　10　 (be) no championships.”  
【答案】1.months　2.was considered　3.screamed　4.important　5.with　6.was seated　7.are　8.explained　9.was set　10.would be　
三
Designated a “City of Design”by UNESCO in 2008, Shenzhen was the first city in China to present 　1　 official strategy around creative development. This led 　2　 the sudden and tremendous growth of its up-and-coming industries. So far modern platforms 　3　 (take)the place of traditional focuses with a wider range of creative enterprises from smart infrastructural construction to design and robots. 
Shenzhen 　4　 (be) a coastal city on the east bank of the Pearl River Harbor, separated from Hong Kong by a natural river border. It 　5　 (recognise) as the youngest city of China. Though it 　6　 (have) a history of 7,000 years, its true development didn't start until 1980 when China 　7　 (start) its reform and opening policy. With its energy of youth, Shenzhen has developed at an incredible speed. After being designated as the 　8　 (one) special economic zone in China, what was once a fishing village has 　9　 (rapid) become an emerging modern city. In the past 30 years, it 　10　 (change) from a nameless fish town to one of the most prosperous cities in China. Today, Shenzhen's speed has gathered international influence.  
【答案】1.an　2.to　3.have taken　4.is　5.is recognised　6.has　7.started　8.first　9.rapidly　10.has changed　
三
Ocean pollution 　1　 (be) serious. It can 　2　 (kill) ocean creatures and even harm humans. It’s vital to focus on this issue and find ways to prevent pollution in our waters.  
Pollution in the oceans severely 　3　 (harm) sea creatures. For example, ocean animals often mistake pieces of plastic for food. As 　4　 result, their bellies 　5　 (fill) with plastic from bottles, containers and beach toys. This can be deadly to the animals. 
Ocean pollution 　6　 (cause)risks to humans, too. Polluted water can result 　7　 disease among swimmers. Also, people eat fish which might 　8　 (poison) with harmful chemicals from oil leaks and rubbish in sea water.  
Some people may argue that ocean pollution is not serious, believing that the oceans are so vast that they can absorb all kinds of pollution. However, the many examples of ocean creatures killed by pollution prove them wrong.
In 　9　 (conclude), it’s clear that ocean pollution is a 　10　 (challenge)problem. We need to learn more about how to stop it. 
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 
6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 
【答案】1.is2.kill3.harms4.a5.are filled6.causes7.in8.be poisoned9.conclusion10.challenging