S波段径向注同轴槽振荡器.pdf

HighPowerMicrowaveTechnologyS band radial beam coaxial grating backward wave oscillator*WangZhanliang1,2，WangHuanyu1，HeZiyuan3，LuZhigang1，GongHuarong1，WangShaomeng1，GongYubin1（1.School of Electronic Science and Engineering,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 610054,China;2.Science and Technology on Low-Light-Level Night Vision Laboratory,Xian 710000,China;3.Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Shenzhen 518000,China）Abstract：Highpowermicrowavedevicesareinvestigatedextensively,becauseoftheirpotentialapplications,suchasadvancedradars,electromagneticwarfaresystems.However,lowefficiency,enormousvolume,hugeweightandshortlifetimelimittheirapplications.Inthispaper,acoaxialgratingslowwavestructurebackwardwaveoscillator(BWO)drivenbyradialbeamisproposed.Thefocusingsystemiseliminatedintheparticleincellsimulation,whichcanreducethevolumeandthepowerlossinpractice.ThelifetimeoftheBWOcanalsobeimprovedwiththethermionicradialbeamcathodeinsteadoftheexplosiveemissioncathode.Afteroptimization,theBWOdrivenby460kV,6kAradialbeamcanproduce1.2GWatfrequency3.8GHz,withtheefficiencyof43.5%.Key words：radialelectronbeam,backwaveoscillator,highpowermicrowaveCLC number：TL501+.5Document code：Adoi:10.11884/HPLPB202335.230198Highpowermicrowavedeviceshavebeenpaidalotofattentionbecauseoftheirpotentialapplications,suchas:advanceradars,electromagnetic warfare systems,plasma chemistry reactors,material processing instruments,medical/biomedicalresearch instruments1-8.At present,significant progresses have been made in this field.Many laboratories,institutes anduniversitiesaroundtheworldhaveobtainedGWclassHPMradiation5-13.However,thelowefficiency,theshortlifetimeandtheenormousvolumeoftheHPMdeviceslimittheirapplications.Toextendthelifetimeandreducethevolume,HPMdevicesshouldoperateathighefficiencywithoutfocusingsystemsandexplosiveemissioncathodes.CurrentHPMdevices,suchasconventionalRBWO6-10,14-15andRKO5,12-13,16-17,Vircator18-19,MILO20,cantsatisfytherequirements.Inthispaper,aradialbeamcoaxialgratingBWOwhichsatisfiestheaboverequirementisproposed.Thestructureisdescribedindetailinsection1,thePICsimulationispresentedinSection2,andsection3givesabriefconclusion.1 Structure of the radial beam coaxial BWOThecrosssectionofthecoaxialgratingBWOisshowninFig.1.TheBWOlookslikeadiskwithacover,andtherearesomecoaxialgratingsetchedonthecover,whichslowdowntheEMwave21-22.AradialelectronbeamisinjectedintothecenteroftheBWOfromtheoutsideedgeasshowninFig.1.Afterthebeamwaveinteractioninthe“disk”device,theHPMradiationisproducedandextractedfromthecoaxialoutputportonthecover,whichislocatedatthefirstgrating.ThedispersionrelationofthecoaxialgratingSWScantbewritteneasilyasconventional“O”shapeBWOsbecauseoftheradialstructure21.Nonetheless,theeigenmodesoftheBWOcanbeanalyzedbyCSTsoftware,asshowninFig.2.InFig.2,theelectricfielddistributionsofthesymmetricmodes，whosecorrespondingfrequenciesare1.05GHz,2.11GHz,2.92GHz,3.3GHz,3.8GHzrespectively,areshown.ThedispersionrelationisdescribedinFig.3asthatoftheconventional“O”shapeBWOs.2 PIC simulation of the BWOThePICsimulationoftheBWOiscarriedoutbyCSTParticlestudio11,19,23.TheparametersareprovidedinTable1.Theoutputpoweris1.2GWandtheoperatingfrequencyis3.8GHz,asshowninFig.4.TheresultshowsthattheBWOisoperatinginthemode.AlmostalltheparticleslostenergyatthecenteroftheBWOasshowninFig.5.*Received date：2023-06-28；Revised date：2023-10-20Foundation item：NationalKeyR&DProgram(G072022YFF0707602);GuangdongKeyR&DProgram(2021B0101300003)Corresponding author：WangZhanliang,。第35卷第11期强激光与粒子束Vol.35，No.112023年11月HIGHPOWERLASERANDPARTICLEBEAMSNov.，2023113001-1Toimprovethestability,extendtheBWOlifetimeandreducethevolume,twooptimizationsaremade.First,becauseofthelowcurrentdensityoftheradialbeam,theBWOdoesnotrequirethefocusingsysteminthesimulation,whichcanreducethevolumeandthepowerlossinpractice.Second,toimprovethestabilityandthelifetime,athermionicradialbeamcathodeinsteadofanexplosiveemissioncathodeisusedintheBWO,becausethelowerbeamcurrentdensitycanbeachieved by the thermionic cathode 24-25.A radial beam gun isdesigned,whosecrosssectionisshowninFig.6.Theradialbeamgunistransformedfromtheconvenientpencilbeamgunswiththesamecrosssectionprofile.Thecathodeisaringlocatedbetweentheupperandthelowerfocuselectrodes.Theparticlesareemittedfromtheinnerfaceoftheringcathode.TheparametersofthegunareprovidedinTable2.ThebeamcurrentdensityoftheBWOis112A/cm2.Thetrackingsimulationshowsthattheradialbeamguniswith175beamcompression.Accordingly,thebeamcurrentdensityatthecathodesurface(about33A/cm2)canbeachievedbytheconventionalthermioniccathodeswithlonglifetimeandhighstability,whichhavebeenusedformanyyearsinthemodern.beam input.output port.coaxial gratingFig.1CrosssectionoftheBWOmode 1:mode 2:mode 3:mode 4:mode 5:Fig.2Electricfieldofthemodes4.54.03.53.02.52.01.51.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.61.41.8frequency/GHzphase shift/eigenmode450 kV beamFig.3DispersionrelationoftheBWOTable 1 Parameters for the PIC simulationvoltageofthesheetbeam,U/kVcurrentofthesheetbeam,I/kAthicknessofthebeam,Sbeam/mmmagneticfield,B/TthicknessoftheBWO,H/mmouterradiusoftheBWO,Rout/mminnerradiusoftheBWO,Rin/mmradiusofthefirstgrating,R1/mmradiusofthesecondgrating,R2/mmradiusofthethirdgrating,R3/mmradiusofthefourthgrating,R4/mmradiusofthefifthgrating,R5/mmdepthofthegrating,D/mm46065030180601661401151007512.53.61.60.400.41.63.61.00.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.1012345678910010203040506070output power/GWintensitytime/nsfrequency/GHzFig.4Outputpowerandcorrespondingfrequency7.03E+056E+055E+054E+053E+052E+05100 000217E/eVFig.5ParticleviewoftheBWO强激光与粒子束113001-2vacuumelectronicdevices(VEDs).Toradiatetheoutputpower,asmallsizedVlasovantennaisdesigned,asshowninFig.71,8,23.TheantennatransformstheTEMmode to the TM01 mode and radiates the output power.TheparametersoftheantennaareshowninTable3.ThegainoftheantennaisshowninFig.8.TheBWOisdesignedasshowninFig.9.ItisexpectedtomanufacturetheBWOandcarryoutthetestinthenearfuture.3 Summary and conclusionAhighpowerradialbeamcoaxialgratingBWOisproposedinthispaper.Drivenbyaradialelectronbeam(460kV,6kA),theBWOcanproduce1.2GWmicrowaveatfrequency3.8GHz,correspondingtotheefficiencyof43.5%.Thesimulationdoesnotrequirethefocusingsystem,whichcanreducethevolumeandthepowerlossinfuture.Athermionicradialbeamgunisdesignedtoimprovethestabilityandthelifetime.TheVlasovantennawiththemaximumgain17.5dBisusedtoradiatetheoutputpower.References：ZhouChuanming,LiuGuozhi,LiuYonggui,etal.High-powermicrowavesourcesM.Beijing:AtomicEnergyPress,2007.1BooskeJH,DobbsRJ,JoyeCD,etal.VacuumelectronichighpowerterahertzsourcesJ.IEEETransTerahertzSciTechnol,2011,1（1）:54-75.2WangZhanliang,GongYubin,WeiYanyu,etal.High-powermillimeter-waveBWOdrivenbysheetelectronbeamJ.IEEETransElectronDevices,2013,3cathodeanodefocuselectrode4.50E+05U/V3.95E+053.41E+052.86E+052.32E+051.77E+051.23E+0568 1820Fig.6StructureandpotentialoftheradialbeamgunTable 2 Parameters of the radial beam 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波段径向注同轴槽振荡器王战亮1,2，王环宇1，何子远3，路志刚1，巩华荣1，王少萌1，宫玉彬1（1.电子科技大学电子科学与工程学院，成都610054；2.微光夜视国家重点实验室，西安710000；3.电子科技大学深圳高等研究院，广东深圳518000）摘 要：高功率微波器件在雷达、电子对抗等方面具有重要的应用潜力，因此得到广泛的关注。然而，庞大的体积和重量，以及较低的效率和较短的寿命，严重限制了高功率微波的应用范围。提出了一种径向电子注驱动的同轴槽振荡器，该振荡器无需聚焦系统，从而能够大幅度减少体积和耗能。采用由外向内的径向电子注，阴极电流密度低，可以采用热阴极替代爆炸发射阴极，从而提高器件寿命。PIC 仿真中，采用 460kV，6kA 径向电子注能够在 3.8GHz 产生 1.2GW 的输出，对应效率 43.5%。关 键 词：径向电子注；返波振荡器；高功率微波强激光与粒子束113001-4