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考点08 过去时态和语态(核心考点精讲精练)
1. 三年真题考点分布
题型
语法填空
高考考点
过去时态和语态
新高考Ⅰ卷
2023
2022
were一般过去时
2021
was一般过去时
新高考Ⅱ卷
2023
Wished一般过去时
2022
was fixing过去进行时
threw一般过去时
2021
was一般过去时
浙江1月高考卷
2023
were permitted一般过去时的被动语态
featured一般过去时
2022
2021
was一般过去时
2. 命题规律及备考策略(高考语法填空命题:先选好主题语篇,然后再定语法考点,所以2023年新高考I卷,没有考查动词时态和从句,因为语篇不具备考查素材,所以语法复习要全面。)
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于过去时态和语态的考查共计9次,主要考查:
1.一般过去时的意义和构成;
2.过去进行时的意义和构成;
3. 过去完成时的意义和构成;
4. 过去时态的相关语态。
【备考策略】熟记过去时态的意义和构成,正确判断和使用过去时态和语态。
【命题预测】
2024年语法填空继续考查过去时态,主要集中考查一般过去时的语态和时态的判断及运用,同时兼顾其他过去时态。
(不要粗略的总结,给你最全面、实用的考点总结)
考点1.一般过去时
必备基础知识:1.表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,last year,last night,the other day,just now,then,two days ago,in 1999,at that time等。
2.表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。
重难点知识:
1.表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。
2.在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中,表示过去将来的动作。
3. 常见句型:
①It is time that sb. should do/did sth.
该到……的时候了
②It is/has been+一段时间+since...did sth.
自从做某事已经一段时间了
③would/had rather sb. did sth.
宁愿某人做某事
It is time that we took action to protect our environment.
该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。
As far as I know,it is/has been three years since he joined the army.
据我所知,他参军三年了。
④句中暗含有表示过去的时间状语。
George said that he would come to school to see me the next day,but he didn't.乔治说他会在第二天来学校看我,但是他没有来。
1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空)As a little girl,I 65. (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【答案】wished
【解析】考查时态。句意:小时候,我希望长大后成为一名动物园饲养员。根据“As a little girl…”可知,本空应用一般过去时。
2.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空)Citizens of higher social classes ____59____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
【答案】were permitted
【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意:高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作谓语,和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系,因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
3.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ________ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
【答案】featured
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院,通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合上下文时态可知,空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
1.【2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测】The early 1400s was a glorious era in Chinese history. In 1405, a fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28,000 people on board. The largest ships, which ________(be) over 140 meters long, demonstrated the advanced technology and special skills in constructing ships.
【答案】were
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。句意:最大的那些船,超过140米长,展示了先进的技术和特殊的造船技能。分析句子可知,which引导的定语从句缺谓语,主语ships是复数,且主句谓语demonstrated用了一般过去时。故从句谓语用一般过去时,主谓保持一致。故填were。
2.【2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测】For many years, some historians dismissed the records of these explorations as legends. The final proof came when an enormous shipyard ________ (discover) in Nanjing, where the fleet had been built.
【答案】was discovered
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意:最后的证据是在南京发现了一个巨大的造船厂,舰队就是在那里建造的。分析句子可知,when引导的时间状语从句缺谓语; 主语谓语came用了一般过去时,且主语an enormous shipyard(单数名词) 和discover之间是被动关系,因此填一般过去时的被动语态,主谓保持一致。故填was discovered。
3.【2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研】It was his uncle, a doctor, that ________ (save) him.
【答案】saved
【解析】考查时态。句意:是他的医生叔叔救了他。本句使用了强调句型,对句子的主语his uncle进行强调,空处在句中为谓语,结合句中was,所以此处用一般过去时。故填saved。
考点2.过去进行时
必备基础知识:过去进行时的构成为“was/were+doing”。表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。
重难点知识:1.表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有leave,start,arrive,go,come等。
2.表示某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行。
3. 表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作,此用法常见动词有go,begin,leave,arrive,come,return等。
I was coming to visit you later that day,but I had to phone and cancel.
我本打算那天晚些时候去看你,但是我不得不打电话取消了。
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Henry ______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
【答案】was fixing
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams,可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
1.(2023·天津市新华中学高三一模)However, as I ________ (leave), the director of the film came over and handed me his card.
【答案】was leaving
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:然而,就在我要离开的时候,电影导演走了过来,递给我他的名片。根据句意及came over and handed可知,此处leave应用进行时表示将要发生的动作。故填was leaving。
2.(2023·河北省秦皇岛市高三检测)I forced myself to step forward and immediately stumbled over a toy and the boy who ________ (play) with it.
【答案】was playing
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:我强迫自己向前走,立刻被一个玩具绊倒了,那个男孩正在玩那个玩具。此处指:我被绊倒时(过去),那个男孩正在玩玩具。故填was playing。
知识点3.过去完成时
必备基础知识:过去完成时的构成为“had+done”。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语(before,after,by,up till),这种时态从来不孤立使用。
重难点知识:1.动词hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan用过去完成时,表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
2.在“hardly (scarcely)...when...,no sooner...than...”句型结构中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意思为“一……就……”。
3.by,by the end,by the time,until,before,since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句,主句用过去完成时。
4.表示“第几次做某事”,主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时。
1. [2020·海南卷] They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I ________(collect).
【答案】 had collected
【解析】考查过去完成时。他们喜欢听我所收集的所有“禁果”。根据句意可知collect的动作发生在enjoy之前,故填had collected。
2.【2020·浙江卷】By about 6000 BC,people 61. (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
【答案】had discovered
【解析】考查时态。句意:大约在公元前6000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到……为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
1. (2023·浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考)On Sunday, the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China announced that the C919 aircraft ________ (complete) all six test flights.
【答案】had completed
【解析】考查时态。句意:周日,中国商用飞机有限责任公司宣布C919飞机已完成全部6次试飞。结合语境可知,“完成”这一动作发生在“宣布”之前,表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had completed。
2.(2023·河北省邯郸市高三阶段测试)By the end of my trip, I could tell that I ________ (make) progress in my Portuguese, thanks to them.
【答案】had made
【解析】句意:多亏了他们,在我的旅行结束时,我可以说我在葡萄牙语方面取得了进步。根据could tell及时间状语By the end of my trip可知,that引导的从句应用过去完成时。故填had made。
知识点4.过去将来时
必备基础知识:1.过去将来时构成:①should,would+do;②was/were+going to do;③was/were(about)to do
2.过去将来时的用法:表示从过去某时看将要发生的事,或表示过去习惯性的动作,它常用在宾语从句中。
She said that she would meet us at the gate.她说她会在大门口和我们会合。
I didn't know if she was going to see us off.我不知道她会不会为我们送行。
Whenever I had trouble then.he would held me.
那时每当我遇到困难,他总是帮助我。
She said she would drop in when she had time.
她说她有时间会来拜访的。
重难点知识:在时间、条件状语从句中过去将来时还可用一般过去式代替非真实的动作或状态。
If I were you,I would study French.如果我是你,我会学法语。
(在英国第一人称用should,其他人称用would;在美国所有人称均用would。)
We __________ (be) back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.
【答案】would be
【解析】考查时态。句意:如果你不丢失地图,我们现在就回到宾馆了。表示过去(如果没丢地图)看来将要发生的事情,用过去将来时。故填would be。
Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:爱因斯坦出生在1879年,当时没几个人认为他会成为其理论能改变世界的科学家。句子情境的时间是1879,在当时看来会发生的事,符合一般将来时的用法。故选C。
【关键能力】
动词时态与语法填空:在语法填空中,动词的时态是必考内容。
[应对策略]
1.句中若缺少谓语,注意要考虑所给动词的时态和语态。判断时态首先要确定时间,然后根据动作发生的状态来判断应该运用哪种时态。有时也可以根据空格后和该句中已经存在的谓语动词的并列关系来确定时态。
2.句中缺少谓语,且与主语存在被动关系,考虑根据时间和动作存在的方式,确定相应时态的被动语态。注意只有及物动词才有被动语态。
3.在确定谓语动词的时态和语态时,我们可从四个方面来进行判断:
(1)看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。
(2)看上下文的谓语动词的形式。
(3)看是否是特殊的句型。如:
①was/were about to do...when...did...
②It is/has been+时间段+since从句(一般过去时)
③It/This/That is the first time that...have/has done...或It/This/That was the first time that...had done...
④It's (high time) that...did/should do...
⑤Hardly had+主语+done...when...did...或No sooner had+主语+done...than...did...
这样的句型还有很多,平时要注意积累。
(4)看与主语存在主动关系还是被动关系。若是被动,还需看所给词是否为及物动词,是否考查主动表被动等。
(5)注意主谓是否一致。
1.(2020·新课标I卷语法填空)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61. (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,故填touched。
2.(2020·新课标III卷语法填空) 65(When/As) he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66. (point) down the river.
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
基础过关
(最新模拟试题演练)
1.(2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考)Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian went to the United States for further studies in 1935. Soon as a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology, he and his colleagues ____37____ (found) the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the 1940s, now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres.
【答案】founded
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:作为美国喷气和火箭技术的先驱,他和他的同事在20世纪40年代建立了喷气推进实验室,现在是美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。分析句子可知,此处应用动词作谓语,根据时间状语1940s可知,此处应用一般过去时,故空处应用动词一般过去时态。故填founded。
2.(2023·江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二)Qi, an all-round artist, ____61____ (bear) to a family of farmers in Hunan in 1864.
【答案】was born
【解析】考查动词语态。句意:齐白石,一个多才多艺的艺术家,于1864年出生于湖南的一个农民家庭。此处主语Qi与bear之间为被动关系,且时间状语为in 1864,应用一般过去式的被动语态,且主语Qi为单数。故填was born。
3.(2023`江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二)The years spent in rural areas ____63____ (sow) in him a deep-rooted love of nature.
【答案】sowed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:在农村生活的岁月在他心中播下了对自然根深蒂固的热爱。此处主语为the years,与谓语动词sow之间为主动关系,且此处陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填sowed。
4.(2023·山西省高三1月适应性调研考试(一模))The new rocket will be 90 meters tall, and able to lift 27 tonnes of payload(有效载荷) to the lunar orbit, CGTN learned from the Airshow China held in south China’s Zhuhai City earlier this month, during which a model of the rocket ______(display).
【答案】was displayed
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:见第2题详解。根据句意可知,这句话描述的是过去的事情,主语a model of the rocket和动词display是被动关系,所以谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态,be动词用was。故填was displayed。
5. (2023·河北省五个一名校联盟摸底)Actually, Bing Dwen Dwen ________ (select) to be the mascot of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics in 2019 from more than 5,800 entries submitted from 35 countries.
【答案】was selected
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:事实上,“冰墩墩”从35个国家提交的5800多份参赛作品中被选为2019年北京2022年冬奥会的吉祥物。主语与谓语构成被动关系,描述过去发生的动作故用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为Bing Dwen Dwen,谓语用单数。故填was selected。
6.(2023·云南省昆明市高三摸底测试)In 2006, Beckham ________ (name) a judge for the British Book Awards.
【答案】was named
【解析】根据时间状语In 2006可知,应用一般过去时;name与主语Beckham为被动关系。故填was named。
7. (2023·江苏省淮安市涟水县第一中学第二次阶段检测)In addition to traditional winter attractions like hot springs and skiing venues, botanical gardens and local temple fairs became popular choices. The people who couldn’t return home were given a chance to get to know more about the places where they ________ (lead) a life.
【答案】led考查时态。句意:那些不能回家的人有机会更多地了解他们生活过的地方。空格处是where引导的定【解析】语从句中的谓语,根据语境可知,句子表示“那些不能回家的人有机会更多地了解他们生活过的地方”,表示“他们生活过的地方”要用一般过去时,空格处用过去式led,故填led。
8. (2023·江苏省南京市第一中学质量检测)The guideline ________(release) early on Thursday by five central departments to solve practical problems that are being faced today and are on the horizon among employees and employers in the gig economy(零工经济).
【答案】was released
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意:该指导意见于周四早些时候由五个中央部门发布,旨在解决零工经济中员工和雇主目前面临的、即将出现的实际问题。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语,所以release做谓语动词,和主语guideline之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,又根据时间状语on Thursday,可知用一般过去时。故填was released。
9. (2023·江苏省南通市如皋市统考)When I first heard about the European Summer Course organized by the European Academy Otzenhausen, I was immediately attracted to the opportunity. I excitedly________(submit)my application in April without hesitation.
【答案】submitted
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:我在4月份毫不犹豫地提交了我的申请。分析句子可知,空格处为句子的谓语,整篇文章在讲述过去的事情,为一般过去时态,此处谓语为一般过去时态。故填submitted。
10.(2023·江苏省南京师范大学附属中学月考) In 1985, there was little rainfall in Ethiopia, which ____41____(lead) to poor harvests and the death of many of the country's cattle. Bob Geldof organized a charity concert to help the victims. In wrestling with the dilemma of worldwide hunger, the United Nations set up an agency, called the World Food Programme.
【答案】led
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:1985年,埃塞俄比亚几乎没有降雨,这导致了歉收和该国许多牲畜的死亡。由In 1985可知,句子时态是一般过去时,因此空格处是一般过去式,故填led。
11. (2023·青海省西宁市高三上学期一模)On the evening of September1, 2020, “First Class for the New Term” ________ (broadcast) on CCTV-1. This year’s “First Class for the New Term” takes “strong youth, strong China” as the theme, and focuses on the three chapters of “responsibility, unity and science” through many important guests including Zhong Nanshan, Zhang Boli, Zhang Dingyu, Chen Wei and Xie Jun.
【答案】was broadcast
【解析】考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:2020年9月1日晚,《新学期第一堂课》在CCTV-1播出。分析句子成分可知,“First Class for the New Term”与所给动词broadcast之间存在被动关系,根据时间状语“On the evening of September 1, 2020”可知,该节目播出的时间为过去,因此broadcast需用一般过去时的被动语态,即was/were done,主语“First Class for the New Term”是单数,因此空格处是was broadcast。故填was broadcast。
12.(2023·江苏省涟水县第一中学第一次阶段检测) When she found out the university offered free tuition to senior citizens, Shanmuganathan said she immediately knew it was her last chance to make her dream of studying political science come true. She began her studies in 2019 and ________ (continue) throughout the pandemic (流行病).
【答案】continued
【解析】考查时态。句意:她于2019年开始学习,并在整个大流行期间继续学习。根据并列连词and及时间状语in 2019可知,时态是一般过去时。设空处与began并列,作谓语,设空处应变过去式。故填continued。
13. (2023·山西省三重教育联考)With lion dances, Chinese kung fu, Chinese crosstalk, songs and dances, students from across New Zealand showed their Chinese language ability in the annual “Chinese Bridge” event. Fifteen secondary school students and two primary school students participated in the event organized by the Confucius Institute in Auckland. The event was a prelude(序幕)to the New Zealand Chinese Language Week 2022, which opened in late September. The Week ________ (launch) essentially as another way to try to bridge the cultural gap between the two countries.
【答案】was launched
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意:该周的启动基本上是试图弥合两国之间文化鸿沟的另一种方式。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词形式,主语The Week与提示词launch之间为被动关系,根据上文中的opened in late September可知,应该使用一般过去时态,主语是单数。故填was launched。
14. (2023·山西省三重教育联考)Elijah Grieve from the Lincoln High School started learning Chinese when he was eleven. It was his fifth time that he _______ (participate) in the “Chinese Bridge”.
【答案】had participated
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:这是他第五次参加“汉语桥”。根据固定句型结构It was his fifth time that可知,从句中的谓语动词使用过去完成时态,主语与提示词participate之间为主动关系。故填had participated。
15. (2023·浙江省杭州市一模)Over the next three or four million years, the blue whales grew 10 times bigger than they __________ (be), the scientists say.
【答案】had been
【解析】考查时态。句意:科学家们表示,在接下来的三四百万年里,蓝鲸的体型比原来大了10倍。根据句意可知,此处be“是”使用过去完成时,表示蓝鲸体积变大之前的体型,因为句中已经有一般过去时的谓语动词grew表示过去已经长了十倍;而主语they为复数,故使用had been。故填had been。
16. (2023·江苏省南通徐州市等5地高三三模) China is known as the home of tea. It is said that Shennong discover tea around 2700 B.C. At first, tea leaves ________ (chew).
【答案】were chewed
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:起初,茶叶被咀嚼。此处在句中作谓语,句子描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,主语tea leaves和动词chew是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动,主语是复数,故填were chewed。
17.(2023·浙江省9 1高中联盟年高三5月高考模拟)Among the civilian teams that left for Turkey on Wednesday ______(be) Blue Sky Rescue, a nonprofit Chinese civilian organization, whose members come from provincial-level regions of China.
【答案】was
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:周三启程前往土耳其的文职团队中包括蓝天救援,这是一个非营利的中国民间组织,其成员来自中国省级地区。分析句子结构和意思可知,这句话描述的是过去的事情,谓语用一般过去时,主语是Blue Sky Rescue,be动词用was。故填was。
18.(2023·山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三三模)About 385, 000 people from 192 countries take part in the yearly project to count birds. The event________(launch)for the first time 25 years ago.
【答案】was launched
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:该活动于25年前首次推出。这里为本句谓语动词,根据时间状语“25 years ago”可知,本句用一般过去时;主语为“the event”,和动词launch之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was launched。
19.(2023·广东省揭阳市跨市区校高三5月联考) In 2013
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