资源描述
非谓语动词（初高考点差异及衔接）
初中要求
初中学到的非谓语动词，通常充当的是宾语或者宾语补足语的成分。因此更多的是记忆一些固定搭配。
高中要求
掌握非谓语动词的作用和形式。主要掌握作宾语时用不定式还是动名词; 作宾语、状语、补语时用不定式还是分词; 它们作某一成分时的特殊情况及特殊结构。在形式方面, 主要考查用一般式还是用完成式、主动式还是被动式、现在分词还是过去分词。
【初中非谓语动词考点聚焦】
考点一 动词不定式的用法
1I hope to find (find)a good job in a foreign company after I graduate from high school.
2He found it hard to catch up with (catch up with)his classmates.
3Father asks me not to play (not play)computer games before finishing my homework.
4All the children like Mr. White very much because he often makes them laugh (laugh).
5Let him have (have)a rest.I think he must be tired after the long walk.
6We have two rooms to live (live)in,but I can’t decide which one to choose (choose).
7.I was surprised by the amazing views and opened the window (take) photos.
答案 to take 本题考查动词不定式。此处指打开窗户拍照,应用动词不定式表示目的。
8.Then I had to go to the country and do some “tests” (see) if I could “survive(挺过来)” in different situations.
答案 to see 考查动词不定式。分析句子可知,设空处为主句的一部分,主句中已有谓语,因此设空处应是非谓语动词,由语境可知,此处使用动词不定式表目的,表示“去那个国家并且做一些测试,看看我能否在不同的情况下挺过来”。因此答案为to see。
考点二 分词的用法
1—Bob speaks Chinese quite well.
—So he does.He practices speaking (speak)Chinese every day.
2Before 2024 we will finish building (build)the school.
3She said she didn’t feel like going (go)out with you.
4The boy standing (stand)in the teacher’s office was found smoking yesterday.
5.I must stop smoking .我必须戒烟了。
6.A month later I went to Spain. A Spanish teacher (call) Paula came and began the test.
答案 called 考查过去分词。设空处作后置定语修饰前面的名词teacher,这里的意思是“一名被叫做Paula的西班牙语老师”,因此设空处为过去分词形式。答案为called。
7.The manager of the store says the environment can help people learn to do “soul(灵魂) reading” by (provide) a private experience with each book that draws one’s attention.
答案 providing 本题考查非谓语动词。设空处前的by为介词,介词后要接动名词形式,故填providing。
8.He spent over 10 years (旅行)widely in China and trying to understand its people.
答案 travelling/touring/tripping 本题考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。
9.For Japanese, eating out was their favourite activity in their free time. And they also like (驾驶) around.
答案 driving/to drive 本题考查非谓语动词。like后跟动名词或动词不定式,故填driving/to drive。
10.I dropped some bread and soon it began (吃).
答案 to eat/eating 本题考查非谓语动词。begin to do/doing sth.开始做某事。
【高中非谓语动词考点聚焦】
考纲解读
近几年高考主要考查非谓语动词的作用和形式。在作用方面, 主要考查作宾语时用不定式还是动名词; 作宾语、状语、补语时用不定式还是分词; 它们作某一成分时的特殊情况及特殊结构。在形式方面, 主要考查用一般式还是用完成式、主动式还是被动式、现在分词还是过去分词。
考点清单
考点1 非谓语动词作状语
1. 不定式作状语
(1)原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。
(2)目的状语可与so as to/in order to替换, 但so as to一般不可置于句首。
(3)结果状语常表示意想不到的结果, 常用only to do。
*I was satisfied to hear the news. (原因状语)
*To catch the first bus, he got up very early. (目的状语)
*I rushed to school only to find nobody was there. (结果状语)
【点津】熟记不定式表结果的固定结构:
only/just. . . to. . . ; too. . . to. . . ; so/such. . . as to. . . ; . . . enough (for sb. ) to. . .
2. 分词作状语
(1)v. -ing形式: 作状语, 用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
(2)v. -ed形式:
a. 作状语, 用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
b. 源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语, 表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系, 其前不用being, 常见的有: seated(坐着的), hidden(隐藏的), devoted(专注的), surprised/frightened/puzzled at/by(惊奇于/害怕于/困惑于), lost/absorbed in(沉溺于), born in(出身于), dressed in(穿着), tired of(厌烦), faced with(面临)等。
*Not knowing what to do, I had to wait here.
*Given more attention, the children could have grown better.
*Absorbed in reading, we all didn’t hear the sound.
*Having driven all day, we were rather tired.
【点津】①把握分词与句子主语之间的逻辑关系, 区别现在分词与过去分词; ②不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果, 现在分词作结果状语为客观上顺其自然而产生的结果; ③准确理解形容词化的过去分词作状语的用法; ④动词-ing形式的完成式having done表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系, 同时分词动作先于句子谓语动词发生。
3. 有些分词或不定式短语作状语, 构成独立结构, 其形式的选择不受上下文的影响。常见的有:
generally speaking一般来说; frankly speaking坦白地说; judging from/by. . . 根据……来判断; considering. . . 考虑到……; taking. . . into consideration考虑到……; to tell you the truth说实话; compared to/with与……相比较; to begin with首先; seeing. . . 鉴于/由于……; supposing假设, 如果; assuming假使; given考虑到, 鉴于; provided/providing (that. . . )如果; concerning关于
4. 独立主格结构
(1)独立主格结构的特点: ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同, 它独立存在; ②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主动或被动关系; ③独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。
(2)独立主格结构的构成:
名词/代词+不定式/现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
*Much work to do(=Because he has much work to do), he can’t go to the cinema now.
*Weather permitting(=If weather permits), the party will be held in the garden.
*All the work finished(=Since all the work was finished), he went back home happily.
*He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.
*The lamp on, he fell asleep.
*The teacher came in, book in hand.
______ (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
解题关键: 根据语境可知此处是目的状语, 应用动词不定式。
答案判定: To enjoy
1. (study) volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
2. Nervously (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.
3. A city is the product of the human hand and mind, (reflect) man’s intelligence and creativity.
4. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
5. (give) the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
6. All of us were surprised (see) a stranger walk in.
1.Having studied2.facing 3.reflecting 4. to share5.Given 6.to see
考点2 非谓语动词作定语
结构形式
功 能
动词
-ing形式
一般式doing
表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中
一般式的被动结构being done
表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中
过去分词done
表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成
动词不定式to do
表示将要发生的动作
动词不定式一般式的被动结构to be done
表示将要被做的动作
*That can be a lot more efficient than pages explaining the data.
*The problem discussed at last meeting was of great importance.
*The matter being discussed now is of great importance.
*The problem to be discussed at the next meeting is of great importance.
【点津】①准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系; ②准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间, 即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。
When we got a call ______(say)she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
解题关键: 根据语境可知, 此处为后置定语, 解释名词call的内容, call与say是主动关系, 应用现在分词形式。
答案判定: saying
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem (call) caffeinism.
2. Do you have the ability (read) and write in English?
3.Earth Day, (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
4.Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
5. What will you do if the people (sit)at the back of the hall have trouble hearing the speech?
1.called 2.to read3.marked 4.designed 5.sitting
考点3 非谓语动词作补足语
1. “五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel等)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原), doing表主动或正在进行, done表被动或完成。
*The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.
2. 热点动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find等后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。
*I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener.
3. 固定短语, 如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb. to do sth. 等。
*Our English teacher advises us to practise speaking more after class.
4. with复合结构常用形式:
*John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it.
*With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time.
*With the little boy leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the village.
China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries ______(recognize) its role in international affairs.
解题关键: 根据语境可知, 此处为“with + 名词 +补语”结构, 且more countries和recognize之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词作补语。
答案判定: recognizing
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph (take).
2. With the homework (do), the students can go to have a picnic.
3. In the dream Peter saw himself (chase)by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.
4. The entrance examination is drawing near, making us (trap)in plenty of exercises.
5. In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet (point)at another person.
1.taken 2.done3.chased4.trapped5.pointing
考点4 非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式:
1. 只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语: suggest, imagine, include, mind, admit, practice, allow, advise, risk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to等。
*I admit breaking the window.
*It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim?
2. 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语: wish, hope, decide, refuse, promise, pretend, manage, plan, fail, choose, would like等。
*If I fail to appear by 7 o’clock, I will not be coming at all.
3. 既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟不定式的动词和短语: remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, need, start, begin, try等。
*Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed.
*I remember reading about the earthquake in the newspaper.
4. it作形式宾语, 代替真正作宾语的动词不定式或动名词。
*I think it important to learn English well.
But some students didn’t want ______(wear) the uniform.
解题关键: 根据语境可知, 此处为“want to do sth. ”结构, 应用不定式作want的宾语。
答案判定: to wear
Ⅰ. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
2. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me (stay)and watch.
3. I still remember (visit)a friend who’d lived here for five years.
1.being 2.to stay3.visiting
Ⅱ. 单句改错
4. Above all, I have learned that smile is the key to solve any problem.
5. On the other hand, we can use the water we just used to watering plants.
6. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
4.( solve改为solving)5.(watering改为 water)6.(wear改为wearing)
考点5 非谓语动词作主语、表语或其他
1. 非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和不定式。
(1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作, 不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。
(2)it作形式主语, 代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有:
It is/was no use/good + doing sth. ;
It is/was not any use/good + doing sth. ;
It is/was of little use/good + doing sth. ;
It is/was useless doing sth. ;
It’s a waste of time doing sth. ;
It is important/necessary/impossible to do sth. 等。
【点津】在语篇中, 注意所填空前是否有it, 并进一步判定是不是形式主语或形式宾语it, 从而快速判定所填空是否要用to do或doing的相应形式。
2. 非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和不定式。注意动词-ing形式作表语意为“令人感到……的”, 而动词-ed形式作表语意为“本身感到……的”。
*The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night.
3. 固定句式do/have/其他动词+sth. +but (to) do sth. 中的不定式用法。此结构要遵循前有实义动词do, but后则无to, 反之则有to的原则。
*He did nothing but save the child without hesitation.
*She had no choice but to cry in face of the difficulty.
4. 非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
(1)在need, want, require, deserve, bear等动词以及worth等形容词的后面, 动词-ing形式主动形式表示被动意义, 其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
*The house needs repairing/to be repaired.
这房子需要修理。
(2)在某些“主语(人/物)+be+形容词+不定式”中, 不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。
*The problem is difficult to work out. 这道题很难计算出。
______ (learn) to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.
解题关键: 根据句子结构可知, 本句缺少主语成分, 故用动名词作主语。
答案判定: Learning
一．用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take
(get) there.
2. Now my dream is (open) a cafe.
3. (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
1. to get 2.to open3.Traveling
二．单句语法填空
1. (dress)in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
2. He glanced over at her, (note)that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.
3. The manager, (make)it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.
4. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk (lose)the good opportunity.
5. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it (explain)often enough.
6. We have been away for a long time, as you know, so our room needs (clean).
7. There are hundreds of visitors (wait)in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings.
8. It is difficult to imagine his (accept)the decision without any consideration.
9. When (compare)different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
10. Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one (blame).
11. Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title (give)to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.
1.Dressed2.noting3.making4.losing5.explained6.cleaning/to be paring10.to blame11.given
三．单句改错
1. The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world.
2. Get up late not only affects your studies but also is a bad habit.
3. Over 1, 000 patients suffered from eye problems have received medical treatment.
4. The new college graduate insisted on being sending where he was most needed.
5. Time permitted, I’ll go over all these lessons before the exam.
6. I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls.
7. Although he is stubborn, he is not difficult to get along.
8. In the distance, some lovely children were seen ride on the backs of the cows.
9. They don’t have the ability tell right from wrong.
10. I found the article difficult to be read.
1.(working后加to)2.(Get改为Getting)3.(suffered改为suffering)4.(sending改为sent)5.(permitted改为permitting)6.(give改为giving)7.(在along后加with)8.(ride改为riding)9.(tell前加to)10.(去掉be)
四. 语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. __________(keep)a diary in English is one of the effective ways to improve our English writing ability.
2. __________(compare)with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes less time. It can help us 3. __________(develop)the habit of thinking in English. 4. __________ we persist in this practice, gradually we’ll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many 5. __________(difficult). In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble 6. __________(find)appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us 7. __________(put)them into English properly.
As far as I 8. __________(concern), my suggestion is that we should
展开阅读全文
浙ICP备2021020529号-1 | 浙B2-20240490 
