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专题03说明文专练一
1.（2023·四川内江·统考一模）A company called OpenAI has recently announced a new version of its artificial intelligence (AI) artist, DALL-E 2. Given just a short sentence describing a picture, the tool can create complicated images (图像) in many different styles.
OpenAI has already changed the world once with its AI writing tool, GPT-3. GPT-3 was trained on huge amounts of writing in many different styles. When it was released in 2020, it shocked people by quickly creating complete, well-written articles in different styles. It is so powerful that OpenAI has tried to be prudent when it comes to how it allows people to use the tool, to make suire that it isn’t used for harmful purposes.
DALL-E actually grew out of an effort to apply GPT-3 to images. OpenAI released the first version of DALL-E last year. DALL-E 2 is even more powerful. DALL-E 2 has been trained on massive numbers of pictures with matching descriptions, which means it “knows” a lot about how different things look.
DALL-E starts its images with a pattern of random dots. It then changes the pattern of those dots until different parts of the image begin to match the description the DALL-E is given. Does DALL-E 2 have something new? The user can select an area of an image and ask DALL-E 2 to put something into the picture, or take it out. Some artists are concerned that their job opportunities might be limited if a computer system can make such high quality pictures on demand so easy. OpenAI says the tool will allow artists to be creative in new ways.
To make sure the tool isn’t misused, OpenAI already has strict rules about the sorts of images that can be created with DALL-E. One of those rules prevents DALL-E from creating realistic pictures of actual people. For now, the company isn’t releasing DALL-E 2. Instead, it is allowing a small number of people to work with the tool to learn more about what works well, and to discover possible problems.
1．What does the underlined word “prudent” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Confident. B．Proud. C．Patient. D．Careful.
2．Which is one of the talents DALL-E 2 has?
A．Describing pictures on demand. B．Processing the existing pictures.
C．Teaching artists how to paint. D．Grading paintings by humans.
3．What can be inferred about DALL-E 2 from the last paragraph?
A．It will reach consumers soon. B．It is not used by actual people.
C．It is being improved at present. D．It is advertised widely by OpenAI.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．How DALL-E 2 Makes Use of GPT-3 B．Why OpenAI Develops Its DALL-E 2
C．DALL-E 2 Helps Offer Artists New Jobs D．From Words, DALL-E 2 Creates Pictures
2.（2022·甘肃兰州·统考一模）Are you planning to eat out tonight or are you going to stay in to save the pennies(省钱)? A meal out at a good restaurant or even a pizzeria can cost you a small fortune, so cooking for yourself makes financial sense. But with the rise in food prices, it’s important to be a wise shopper to keep your food bill in check.
These days our supermarket shelves are packed with tempting food items, from the daily staples, like bread and milk, to the exotic, like mangoes and kiwifruits(猕猴桃). There’s also the option of buying ready meals -convenient food that comes at a price. However, if you’re feeling hard up(拮据), there are things you can do to make the money you spend on food go further.
According to the BBC Food website, it’s all about changing your habits. It claims that cooking fulfilling and tasty meals on a budget is easy. It suggests a number of “tricks” such as using cheaper cuts of meat, “choose small amounts of meat with less expensive proteins” and “transform small quantities of leftovers into a heavy meal”.
A favorite entertainment of mine to help when money is tight is to stock up on items that are on special offer-such as BOGOF deals(Buy one, get one free).However, this is more of a problem when it comes to perishable(易腐烂的)items like fresh fruit and vegetables. In the UK, about 39% of household food waste is fruit and veg. So it’s a good idea not to stock up on too much of these things. Store them carefully and make the most of them in all your recipes.
Food waste is a big problem generally, so shopping carefully can also reduce the amount we throw away. And in Edinburgh in Scotland, it’s possible to reduce waste and not break the bank by visiting a recycled food shop, which has been set up to prevent extra food from shops ending up in the bins(垃圾桶).
Of course, the biggest thing you can do to help your cash flow is to cut back on take-away coffees and lunches.
Cooking your own meals is usually healthier for you and your finances.
5．According to the author, which of the following ways cost the least money?
A．To have meals at a good restaurant. B．To cook meals for yourself at home.
C．To buy exotic fruit and vegetables. D．To buy ready meals or convenient food.
6．What does the author usually do to save the expenses on food?
A．He chooses small amounts of meat with expensive proteins.
B．He transforms large quantities of leftovers into a heavy meal.
C．He stocks up on items of special offer -such as BOGOF deals.
D．He makes all the perishable fruit and vegetables in all his recipes. .
7．How do some people reduce food waste in the UK?
A．They often visits recycled food shops.
B．They store most of their food carefully.
C．They buy take﹣away coffees and lunches.
D．They only throw away the perishable food.
8．Which one can be the best title of this passage?
A．Ways to Cook Tasty Meals at Home B．Ways to Cut Daily Expenses on Meals
C．Ways to Buy Food in the Supermarket D．Ways to Store Fresh Fruit and Vegetables.
3.（2022·陕西渭南·统考一模）For everyone who hates setting their alarm an hour earlier to hit the gym, scientists may have some good news.
Afternoon workouts lead to better outcomes for some people, according to a study published this year. The study, which looked at men who are at risk for or have Type2 diabetes (糖尿病) found that participants who exercised in the afternoon experienced more metabolic (新陈代谢的) benefits as well as more positive effects on their exercise performance and fat mass compared to participants who exercised in the morning.
“Our body has a biological clock and this regulates many processes in the body and these processes have a rhythm,” said Patrick Schrauwen, a professor of metabolic aspects of Type 2 diabetes at Maastricht University in the Netherlands.
“Some of these are well known, like your body temperature and your blood pressure.” Schrauwen said. “Our biological clocks also influence our metabolism and whether our bodies burn fat or carbohydrates at certain times,” he added. And for study participants who were fat or at risk for Type 2 diabetes, those fat-burning processes were more efficient in the afternoon hours. Higher body temperatures in the afternoon may also help improve corporal performance, almost like a built-in daily warm-up.
“When you start to realize how strong this biological clock can be and then if you do the things like food intake on the wrong time of the day, or being active on the wrong time of the day or being inactive at times when you should be active, this can have a major influence.” Schrauwen added. “The good news is that you can also use it for your benefit.”
It can be especially helpful for competitive athletes or people training for a race to exercise in the afternoon of a day. For example, Schrauwen said he worked with a football team that was able to improve their performance by moving practice to the afternoon.
9．What is the good news mentioned in the text?
A．People do not need to set their alarm earlier any more.
B．Exercise in the afternoon is good for all human beings.
C．The men with Type 2 diabetes can be treated by exercising in the afternoon.
D．Some people get more benefits when they exercise in the afternoon.
10．What is the scientific basis of Patrick Schrauwen’s study?
A．Our bodies have a regular system. B．Our bodies can adjust to a new habit.
C．The patients with diabetes burn fat faster. D．People can do warm-up inside their bodies.
11．What does the underlined word “corporal” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Memorial. B．Physical. C．Natural. D．Mental.
12．How did Schrauwen prove his research?
A．By working with other scientists. B．By comparing the results from different people.
C．By trying it with specific groups. D．By helping participants at risk for diabetes.
4.（2022秋·安徽·高三校联考阶段练习）Clothes were once used until they fell apart. Not today. In high-income countries in particular, clothing and footwear are increasingly frequently bought, thrown away and replaced with new fashions, which are themselves soon thrown away and replaced.
The so-called ‘Fast fashion’ is having a surprising environmental impact. The first one is water. The fashion industry consumes anywhere from 20 trillion (万亿) to 200 trillion litres every year. Then there are micro-plastics. Plastic fibres are released when we wash polyester (聚酯纤维) textiles, which make up between20% and 35% of the micro-plastics choking the oceans. Added to this are specific chemicals, such as those used to make fabrics stain resistant and the pesticides required to protect crops such as cotton.
Change is badly needed, but will require the fashion industry to work harder to embrace more of what is known as the circular economy. That will involve at least two things: refocusing on making things that last, and so encouraging reuse; and more rapidly expanding the technologies for sustainable manufacturing processes, especially recycling. There’s a big role for research-both academic and industrial-in achieving these and other ambitions.
Researchers could begin by helping to provide more accurate estimates of water use. There is also work to be done on improving and expanding textiles recycling. Undoubtedly, used textiles go to landfill in part because there are relatively few systems that collect, recycle and reuse materials. Such recycling requires the manual separation of fibres, as well as buttons and zips. Different fibres are not easy to identify by eye, and overall such manual processes are time-consuming. Machinery that can help is being developed. Technologies also exist to recycle used fibres chemically and to create high-quality fibres that can be reused in clothing. But these are nowhere near the scale needed.
Another challenge for researchers is to workout how to get consumers and manufacturers to change their behaviour. Other research questions include finding ways to encourage people to purchase long lasting goods; exploring how to satisfy desires for something new while reducing environmental impact; and understanding why certain measures can be successfully scaled up whereas others fail.
13．Why does the author mention “water”, “micro-plastics” and “chemicals” in Paragraph 2?
A．To provide an idea. B．To prove a point.
C．To give a definition. D．To present new concepts.
14．Which of the following goes against the concept of “circular economy”?
A．Efforts are made to lengthen the lifespan of textiles.
B．Worn-out clothes are used as dishcloths and oil rags.
C．High-quality fibres are created to be reused in clothing.
D．Fashion industry is encouraged to release new lines more often.
15．What is the right thing for the fashion industry researchers to do?
A．To make sure that all of the used textiles go to landfill.
B．To separate fibres, as well as buttons and zips manually.
C．To improve and expand textile recycling to a larger extent.
D．To encourage consumers to satisfy their desires for fashion.
16．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Say Yes to the So-called Fast Fashion
B．Cut Fast Fashion’s Environmental Impact
C．Address the Academic Challenges for Researchers
D．Improve the Efficiency of the Separation of Fibres
5.（2023秋·广东深圳·高三深圳市福田区福田中学校考阶段练习）Over the last few years, social mobility (流动性) between the generations has become an important topic. Many possible factors that prevent children from moving further up the social ladder than their parents have already been investigated, such as financial resources, the educational system and genetics. Recently, Dr. Reto Odermatt (University of Basel) and Prof. Dr. Warn Lekfuangfu (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid) conducted a study to investigate the connection between career aspirations (抱负) in social mobility and later life satisfaction.
The basis for the study is a dataset(数据集) that follows the lives of over 17,000 people in the UK who were all born in the same week in 1958, and continues to collect data to this day. Among other things, the dataset gathers together information on each individual’s childhood environment, the backgrounds of their parents, the participants’ abilities, their aspirations in their youth, their jobs and their happiness as an adult.
The authors used this database to investigate how the aspirations of children and young people affect their later life. And they eventually found that the educational and career aspirations held by participants as teenagers were among the most important forecasters overall for their later success in education and careers. This indicates that ambitious career goals motivate people to invest more in their future career success.
The opposite is also the case: unambitious career aspirations can be an important explanation for limited social mobility. The study showed that young people whose parents were less well educated did indeed have less ambitious career goals. “This cannot be explained solely (唯一地) by the differences in family income or in participants’ abilities. It is more the case that inequality seems to begin early on, with their parents’ aspirations for them,” reasons Odermatt. “We didn’t expect parents’ aspirations for their children to have such a strong influence.”
“This reminds us that we shouldn’t leave it entirely to parents to influence children’s career aspirations; schools can step in here,” Odermatt points out. Teaching staff could actively make teenagers aware of careers that suit their abilities. This could encourage them to look beyond their own horizons. After all, a person’s view of the world is often strongly defined by their surroundings.
17．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To present previous research findings on social mobility.
B．To introduce the concept of social mobility to readers.
C．To indicate the complexity of social mobility research.
D．To stress the practical significance of the new study.
18．What can we learn about the database of the study?
A．It has some unexpected limitations.
B．It focuses more on children than on adults.
C．It covers many aspects of individuals involved.
D．It was set up through joint efforts of many countries.
19．Which of the following surprised the researchers?
A．“Dreaming big” can have a negative influence on young children.
B．Children’s future can be obviously affected by parents’ aspirations.
C．Educated parents tend to
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