期末备考-Unit4-Natural-disasters-SectionⅤ重点归纳&写作指导.doc

Unit4 Natural disasters sectionⅤ
【重点词汇】
1.volcano n. 火山
→volcanic adj. 火山的
→volcanic eruption 火山喷发
2.rescue vt.& n.营救, 救援
→rescuer n.营救者—rescue worker 救援人员
→rescue team 救援队
3.damage vt. 损害； 破坏 n. 损坏；损失
→do/cause damage 造成损害/ 破坏
4.destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭
→destruction n. 破坏；摧毁
→destructive adj. 破坏性的；毁灭性的；有害的
5.die vt.&vi.死亡；熄灭
→death n.死；死亡
→dead adj,死去的；完全的
→deadly adj.极端的；致命的
→dying adj.垂死的
6.affect vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动
→affection n.喜爱，钟爱；慈 爱
7.effect n.效果；结果；影响
→effective adj.有效的
8.ruin 破坏；毁坏
→in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
9.metal n.金属
→metallic adj.似金属撞击的，似金属的
→metalwork 金属制品
10.shock vt&n.休克；震惊
→in shock震惊；吃惊
11.electricity n.电；电能
→electric adj.用电的；电动的；带电的
12.breathe vi.& vt.呼吸
→breath n.呼吸
13.wisdom n.智慧；才智
→wise adj.聪明的；有智慧的
14.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.受苦
→suffering n.受苦；遭难
→suffer from 患（某种病），受…折磨
15.erupt vz.& vt.爆发；喷出
→eruption n.喷发；爆发
16.supply vt.供应；供给n.补给品；供应（量）；补给
→a supply of... 一批……
17.survive vt.幸存；艰难度过vi.生存；存活
→survival n.幸存，生存
→survivor n.生还者； 幸存者
18.power n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
→powerful adj.强有力的; 权力强大的
19.sweep (swept; swept) vt.& vi.打扫；清扫
→sweep away 消灭； 彻底 消除
20.strike (struck; struck/stricken) vi.&vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n.罢工；罢课；袭击
→be/go on strike 在/进行罢工
21.deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达；发表
→delivery e.递送，交付；递送的 物品
→deliver to转交，交付；传达
→deliver on 〈美口〉履行，实行
22.summary n.概要；总结；概括
→summarize vt.总结；概述
23.long adj.长的；长时间的
→length n.长度，长
→lengthen vt.& vi.延 长；加长

【教材原句】
1.What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area ? (P48)
救援人员和战士们在洪涝灾区干什么？
2.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat and dogs refused to go inside buildings .(P50)
鸡，甚至猪，惶恐紧张，不能进食，而狗则拒绝进屋。
3.About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes,and all of its hospitals were gone.(P50)
这座城市大约75%的工厂和建筑，90%的房屋，以及所有的医院都消失了。
4. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves ,but no wind could blow them away.（P50）
地面布满砖头，像秋天的红叶，但是什么风也不能把它们吹走。
5.The couple who lived next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.(P52)
住在我隔壁的夫妇在火山爆发后志愿去帮助救灾。
6. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. (P54)
渔民，游客，宾馆，房屋，还有小汽车统统被震级高达9.0的强烈地震 引起的滔天巨浪卷走了。

【书面表达--概要写作--自然灾害】
■技法指导
自然灾害故事类概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的自然灾害故事简要概括，写出故事梗概，也可称之为摘要。
写概要时，读者要把故事的具体信息 （如灾害发生的时间、地点、人物、事件、起因以及灾害的后果等）用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，主要考查学生用简洁的语言概括一次自然灾 害的发生发展的过程，以及对所读故事整体结构的把握能力。
因此，自然灾害故事类概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的有机结合体。
写作步骤：
1.细读原文。首先要仔细阅读故事，掌握故事大意和脉络，明确各段之间的时间顺序和逻辑关系。
2.弄清要求。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此，概括要全面，而又不要面面俱到。
3.列出要点。在分析原文的内容和结构的基础上，选出与文章主题密切相关的部分并将内容按照结构顺序扼要表述出来。
■经典句式
1.交代时间、地点、人物
(1)It was at 3 am, May 17, 2008.
那是2008年5月17日凌晨3点。
(2)The whole town was in deep night sleep.
全城的人们还沉浸在深夜的睡眠中。
(3)Hearing the loud noises, Mum and Dad seemed to sense something strange and terrible happening to the town.
听到嘈杂的动静，爸爸妈妈似乎意识到某种奇怪的、可怕的事情正在这个镇子发生。
(4)A11 the lucky ones gathered together on the playground around the teacher.
所有的幸运的人都聚集在操场上，围在老师的身边。
2 .描述事件过程
(1)Suddenly, the whole building was shaking severely.
突然，整座大楼在剧烈地摇晃。
(2)The terrible tsunami swept away all the houses, leaving most of the villagers trapped under the ruins.
可怕的海啸冲垮了所有的房屋，村子里大多数人被困在了废墟底下。
(3)Soldiers dug out those who were trapped and buried those dead.
战士们挖出被困的人，埋葬死去的人。
3.表达人物心理活动
(1)Upon the earthquake ruins, a new city began to stood on its own feet.
在地震的废墟上，一座新城开始展露新颜。
(2)The people who had suffered from the deadly disaster knew how to unify and rebuild for a brighter future.
曾历经如此致命灾难的人们知道如何团结起来，为一个更光明的未来而重建家园。
■典例演练
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parts of Africa are covered by a dark cloud. But this is no rain cloud. It is a living cloud made of billions of locusts （蝗虫）that are travelling across the continent eating everything in their path.
And now in the battle to stop this disaster, a radio station in Senegal, West Africa, is offering listeners 50 kilograms of rice if they can catch and kill 50 kilograms of locusts. They think this idea will get more people to take part in the war on the locusts.
This is West Africa's biggest locust disaster in 15 years, and it is moving east, causing huge damage to crops. As they move they produce young and increase their number and will soon threaten （威胁）Sudan in the northeast of Africa. Some say it could reach Asia.
The harmful effect on crops in areas is already suffering from food shortage and the war could cause many people to go hungry. Governments in the areas are not well prepared to fight the locusts.
Although leaders of 12 countries have agreed on a plan, it is not expected to be enough. People are now treating 6,000 hectares （公顷）per day with pesticide （杀虫剂）, but actually, they need to treat 20,000 hectares per day in order to have any hope of controlling this disaster.
Requests are being made for international aid, which is the only way to limit the disaster, and now rescue teams together with supplies of goods are coming from China and other countries.

［精彩范文］
Parts of Africa are suffering from the biggest locust disaster in 15 years.（要点 1） The damage to the crops is causing people to go hungry.（要点2）Governments and people are fighting against the locusts with difficulties.（要点3） Request for help has been sent out to different countries, while rescue teams and all kinds of goods are coming to disaster areas from China and other countries.（要点4）
【总评】
本文作者用简洁明快的语言高度概括了原文核心信息。语句通顺，逻辑严密，上下文衔接自然，条理清晰，句式运用自然流畅，符合概要写作格式 和风格。体现了作者较强的语言运用能力。
【亮点呈现】
(1)作者运用句式Parts of Africa are suffering from the biggest locust disaster in 15 years表达出了原文关键信息：非洲；蝗灾，并引出过程性描述。
⑵短语fighting against；with difficulties清晰地描述了非洲人民开展救灾的艰难。
(3)Request for help和rescue teams and all kinds of goods体现了各个国家对受灾地区的救助。
■跟踪演练
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
On December the 26th, 2004, when the people were still addicted to happiness on Christmas, the strong earthquake, which took place in Indonesia, caused heavy tsunami. In the turn of a hand, the famous Phuket Island of tourist attraction of Thailand that has enjoyed the reputation of "Heaven in human world” was turned into "the hell on earth”. For the people who were rescued from this disaster, this essentially peaceful Christmas vacation has been the forever drop shadows. When some visitors who had just brushed past the death talked about the experience at the time, they have not yet recovered from a fright. Here is a terrible experience of a newspaperwoman.
December the 26th, the newspaperwoman Yi Linyang of Strait Times was taking a holiday in Phuket Island with her husband. Before the tsunami came, they were diving in Monkey Beach. However, when they were getting ready to leave by boat, the weirdy（怪事）happened! They saw the ocean suddenly disappeared! The boat took the ground by the reeves（暗礁），there were jumping fish here and there. Nobody had seen that before, everyone was frightened deadly for the moment. When all the people didn't wake up to what had happened, the seawater surged ahead and washed back, and the huge waves like hills went straight from the distant place. Yi Linyang's heart still was struck with fear, she said, "We ran desperately，no one would know how far would the seawater chase us " Can you see? It was the first sight of the tsunami of Indonesia.^

写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对夫妇在普吉岛度过圣诞假期时遇到了地震引起的海啸的可怕经历。
［精彩范文］
On the day before Christmas in 2004, a terrible tsunami caused by a strong earthquake caused great damages to Phuket Island, the famous tourist attraction of Thailand.（要点1）The Newspaperwoman Yi Linyang who were spending their vacation with her husband there gave the first sight of the tsunami at that time.（要点2）They were about to return by boat from the Monkey beach, hill—like waves rushed near from far away before they could learn what had happened.（要点3）They felt frightened and desperate to run, and still not recovered from the fright yet.（要点4）

【课外拓展阅读--中华传统文化】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
A tea-house is a special house which primarily serves tea and other light refreshments (茶点).Its function varies widely1 (depend) on the culture. In China, a tea-house is a place 2 people gather to enjoy tea, chat and socialize. It 3 (consider) as a symbol of Chinese tea culture and people's leisure lives.
Chinese tea-houses enjoy a long-standing history. They 4 (originate) in the Western Jin Dynasty, took shape in the Tang Dynasty, developed 5 (gradual) in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and became booming in modem times.
In the Song Dynasty, tea-houses spread all over the cities and villages, at a rate comparable with that of restaurants. The owners preferred to decorate their tea-houses 6 paintings of celebrities or rare and precious plants 7 (attract) customers. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the number of tea-houses went beyond that of restaurants, gaining much 8 (wide) popularity and becoming more famous. Later, the acculturation (文化植入)of western culture forced traditional Chinese tea-houses to take on 9 new look. After reform and opening—up, with the rapid development of the economy and 10 (evidence) improvement of people's living standards, tea-houses flowered in China.
答案：
1. depending 2. where 3.is considered 4. originated 5. gradually
6.with 7.to attract 8.wider 9. a 10.evident
［佳句赏析］
In Chinese society, the younger generation always show their respect for the older generation by offering a cup of tea.
在中国社会，晚辈经常通过敬茶来表示对长辈的尊敬。