Making-a-difference-第2课时-Using-language(教师版).docx

2019外研版必修三 Unit 2 Making a difference
2.2 Using language
目标导航

重点
词汇和词转
1. extend vt. 持续，延伸→ extension n. 持续，延伸
2.enable vt. 使能够→ability n. 能力→ able adj. 能够的→ disabled adj. 残疾的→disability n. 残疾，无能
3.generosity n. 慷慨，大方→ generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的
4. hesitate vt. 犹豫→ hesitation n. 犹豫
5. assistance n．帮助，援助→ assist vt. 帮助，援助
6. confirmation n．证实，证明→ confirm vt. 证实，证明
7. mission n. 职责，使命
8. disease n. 疾病
9. sensitive adj. 敏感的
10. cancer n. 癌症
11. royal adj. 王室的，皇室的
12. registration n.登记，注册
重点词组
1. be generous to sb. 对某人对方
2. hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事
3. with the assistance of... 在...的帮助下
4. aid sb, with/in sth (在某方面)帮助某人
5. major in 主修
6. be sensitive to 对...敏感
7. enable sb to do sth 使某人做某事
8. have trouble doing sth 做某事有问题
9. be known as 作为...而出名
10. be based on 以...为依据
重点
语法
过去分词作定语
1 ... Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher...
2. In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes.

知识精讲

过去分词做定语
过去分词作定语的具体用法
1．意义：及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
a polluted river一条被污染的河流
the watered flowers浇过水的花
(2)只表示完成，不表示被动
fallen leaves落叶
the risen sun升起的太阳
2．位置：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。
注意：过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别：
(1)语态不同：现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。
The question discussed was very important.
讨论过的那个问题很重要。
The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016.
矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016年建的。
(2)时间关系上不同：现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。

3．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别：
The building built last year is our classroom building.
去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our classroom building.
现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
　意义
形式　　　
语态
时态
done
被动
完成
being done
被动
进行
to be done
被动
尚未发生
考点归纳：

定
语

表“完成”或“被动”
boiled water开水　　　　　fallen leaves落叶
the risen sun升起的太阳　　selected apples 精选苹果
spoken English英语口语　　iced beer冰镇啤酒
cooked food熟食　　　　　fried chips炸土豆条
单个的过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词语之前(如上例)，也可以放在所修饰词语的后面。
Look! She is collecting used books.
Hurry up, there is only a little time left.
过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句。
Near the window, there is a bookshelf filled with many books (=which is filled with many books).
Her daughter, brought up by me(=who was brought up by me) has begun to work now.
过去分词基本用法：
(一)过去分词作定语
1. 前置定语
(1)被动意义：
an respected guest 一位受尊敬的客人
How many finished products have you got up to now? 到现在为止，你已经得到多少成品？
=How many products that have been finished have you got up to now?
(2)完成意义：
a retired worker 一位退休的工人
The children are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 孩子们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
=The children are cleaning the leaves that have fallen in the yard.
【总结】：___________________的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之_______________, 作前置定语。表示______________和________________的意义。
Keys:单个 ；前；被动；完成。

2.后置定语
Things seen are better than things heard. 眼见最好。
=Things which are seen are better than things which are heard.
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
=This will be the best novel of its kind that has ever been written.
【总结】：过去分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词_________________，作后置定语，作用相当于一个_________________________。
Keys:后；从句。
【注意】：
(1)如被修饰的词是 something, anything, everything, nothing ,-one, -body以及those等, 分词放在被修饰词的后面。
Do you have anything unfinished? 你还有什么没完成的事吗？
He is one of those kidnapped. 他是那些被绑架的人之一。
(2)单个分词也可以作后置定语, 用以强调动作。
They decided to change the material used. 他们决定更换使用的材料。
(3)不及物动词的过去分词仅表示时间的完成, 无被动意义。现在分词表示动作正在进行。
fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves正在下落的树叶　 　
a developed country发达国家 a developing country发展中国家　
the boiled water(凉）开水 the boiling water沸水
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Do you know the boy ____(lie) under the big tree?
2. “Can’t you read?” Mary said angrily _________(point) to the notice.
3 The woman _____(sell) vegetables has gone.
4.The wheat is watered by water _____(bring) from a pond.
5. He is a leader________ (respect) by the people.
6. ______(tell)to stay in Beijing, the boy decided not to returned to his village.
7. We lived in the house __________________(我舅舅们修建的).
8. Any medicine ________(服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble.
9. We spent two hours discussing the plan __________________ (她制定的).
10. Most of the people ___________________(被邀请参加宴会的) were famous scientists.
Keys：1 lying 2 pointing 3 selling 4 brought 5 respected 6 Having been told 7 built by my uncles 8 taken 9 made by him. 10 invited to the party.

巩固练习

A. 单句填空
1. There are still many problems _____________(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
2. Today there are more airplanes ____________(carry) more people than ever before in the skies.
3. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ___________(appoint) to guard her.
4. Last night, there were millions of people ____________(watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.
5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ___________(return) to our shop for quality problems.
6. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail ___________(wait)
for her.
7. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words __________(use) in daily conversations.
8. The witnesses _____________(question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
9. The room is empty except for a bookshelf ____________(stand) in one corner.
10. We are having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______________(make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
11. Do you know the boy ___________(lie) under the big tree?
12. Jim was about to stand up when he saw something _____________(move) near his feet. It’s a snake!
13. There is a note pinned to the door ______________(say) when the shop will open again.
B. 单项选择
1. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa.    
A. invited  B. to invite   C. being invited  D. had been invited 
2. The computer center, _____last year, is very popular among the students in this school.    
A. open  B. opening  C. having opened  D. opened 
3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour.   
A. pay  B. paying  C. paid  D. to pay 
4.—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?   
—The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers.  
A. to solving; making   B. to solving; made  C. to solve; making   D. to solve; made  
5. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.   
A. being known  B. having been known  C. to be known  D. known 
6 _______ English is different from ______ English in many ways. 
A. Spoken; written    B. Speaking; written    C. Spoken; writing   D. Speak; write 
7 The woman ________ there under the tree, _______ in a blue shirt, is our headmaster.  
A. sitting; wearing   B. sitting; dressed     C. seating; dressed   D. seated; dressing 
8 Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing Mining Company, _____ as 3M.  
A. knowing.   B. known.   C. being known.   D. to be known 
9  The _____ dishes lay on the floor.   
A breaking.  B. broken.  C. broke.  D. break 
10 the ship,______ by a huge piece of iceberg, cam to a sudden stop.   
A. hitting.    B. hit.    C. hitted.    D. to hit. 
Keys:1-5 ADCBD 6-10 ADBBB

能力提升

C.语法填空
1. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything___________(buy).
2. His first book _______________________(publish) next month is based on a true story.
3. Will those ___________________(teach) the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?
4. Throughout history, the language_____________(speak) by a powerful group spreads across a civilization.
5. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ______________(make) could be heard outside the classroom.
6. This is an article ________________(consist) of five parts.
7. This is a story _____________(date) from the Tang Dynasty.
8. __________(Judge) from his words, he did well in his exam.
9. The computer ____________(belong) to our class should be used for studying.
10. The speech which he made ___________(concern) the football match bored a lot of fans to death.
D. 语法填空：
Have you heard of Lake Titicaca? It is a famous lake in South America, which is located on the border between Bolivia and Peru. But the lives of the ancient people who once lived around the lake and __1__ culture was thought to be highly advanced, have long remained a secret. Recently, However， scientists____2___(take) part in an exploration project at the lake have found __3__ they believe to be a 1000­year­old temple __4__ the water.
Divers from the study group have discovered __5__ building scientists think is the remains of a temple built by the people who once lived beside the lake. The project leaders hope to begin raising important materials from the site later this week __6__ bad weather forces a change in their plans.
“The scientists have not yet had the opportunity to study the materials carefully，” said project director, John Aubi. “But some __7__(put) forward the idea that the remains date from this period because of their __8__(similar) to those found elsewhere.”
The research team has so far this year made more than 200 dives into water 30 metres deep. During these dives, __9__ have been recording the ancient remains on film. There will be a meeting __10__(start) later this year to review the film.
1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______　5.______
6．______　7.______　8.______　9.______　10.______
E.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 （1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Although failing 61 （qualify）for the FIFA World Cup finals soccer tournament in Qatar， China made a huge contribution to the 62 （large） global sporting event in the world．
China-built stadiums，roads and many other Made-in-China products have won praise． 63 many fans and potential customers．
In recent months， Luo Yang， a sales manager at the overseas business unit of Higer Bus Co，a bus and truck maker ． 64 （base） in Suzhou， Jiangsu province， has kept a close eye on the 1，815 buses that the company． 65 （sell） to Qatar last year．
These vehicles operated shuttle services for the thousands of fans， fficials and journalists from different countries during the tournament， 66 was staged from Nov 20 to Dec 18．
“After the World Cup， the buses will be used to take children to and from school，” Luo said， 67 （add） that child monitoring systems in the vehicles will give a signal when a bus arrives at its destination．The driver then moves through the vehicle to ensure the children leave 68 （safe）， before pressing a button to turn off the sound．
69 wide range of Chinese items were available at the tournament， including key rings， horns，flags，clothing and shoes from Yiwu，Zhejiang，and Jinjiang， Fujian province， as well as fireworks from Liuyang， Hunan province．
Market observers said the 70 （abundant）of such products is due to China's industrial upgrading boom，well-developed supply chains，and green transformation．
答案：61. to qualify 62. largest 63. from 64. based 65. sold
66. which 67. adding 68. safely 69. A 70. abundance
F.完形填空
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second_____21_____. He learned the value and beauty of ____22____ there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something ____23____ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the ____24____ it caused had driven away a number of birds. ____25____, the number of snakes had declined as well. He ____26____ that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the ____27____. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek ____28____ during the daytime. He turned to the ____29____ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and _____30_____a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
____31____ young plants in the dry season was ______32______for a lone boy. Molai built at the _____33_____ of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to______34______ rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.
Molai _____35_____ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
21. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice
22. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
23. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
24. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
25. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
26. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
27. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust
28. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter
29. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
30. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed
31. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding
32. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
33. A. back B. top C. foot D. side
34. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect
35. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想；B. job工作；C. home家；D. choice选择。根据空前的second可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然；B. youth青春，年轻；C. culture文化；D. knowledge知识。湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precious宝贵的；B. interesting有趣的；C. disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物；B. tension紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记住，记起；D. predicted预测。Molai“意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. noise噪音；B. heat热；C. disease疾