Unit-4单元话题完形填空练习-高一英语必修第三册单元重难点易错题.docx

Unit 4单元话题完形填空练习
(名校最新真题)
（2022·河南·洛宁县第一高级中学高一阶段练习）Around 50 Mars missions have been launched globally so far since 1960. Yet more than half of them have ____1____ to reach the planet some 55 million kilometers away from the Earth. So after China’s Mars probe, Tianwen 1, was ____2____ on July 23 last year, there was an ____3____ wait for its progress.
The craft landed____4____ on the surface of the planet on Saturday. The news has been met with both ____5____ and celebration in the country. The landing was ____6____ exactly as planned, which has made China the latest member of the club of the world’s pioneering ____7____, and shows that China has ____8____the technologies independently.
It is the can-do spirit that has played a key role in China’s scientific and technological development in recent decades____9____some failures in exploring outer space.
China made its early_____10_____in rocket and space technologies starting from the 1960s when the country _____11_____largely a backward agricultural country. _____12_____, the country has made the most of what it had over the past more than six decades, making efforts to move ahead in the aerospace cause.
Late last month, China sent Tianhe into space,_____13_____a series of launches that will complete the building of the space station around 2022.
All these achievements have_____14_____greatly to the peaceful use of outer space. During its Mars mission, China has worked with European _____15_____and other countries and will help push humankind to travel faster and farther in the future.
1．A．begun B．failed C．attempted D．succeeded
2．A．transported B．discovered C．launched D．settled
3．A．anxious B．aware C．awkward D．amazing
4．A．suddenly B．safely C．calmly D．obviously
5．A．protest B．regret C．pity D．relief
6．A．carried away B．carried off C．carried out D．carried on
7．A．explorers B．applicants C．officials D．editors
8．A．borrowed B．selected C．developed D．removed
9．A．without B．beyond C．except D．despite
10．A．promises B．impacts C．inventions D．breakthroughs
11．A．became B．remained C．ended D．started
12．A．Thus B．Therefore C．Furthermore D．However
13．A．getting off B．cutting off C．starting off D．putting off
14．A．appealed B．contributed C．responded D．belonged
15．A．neighbours B．friends C．partners D．classmates

（2023秋·上海·高一上海市宜川中学校考期末）Telescope Searching for Space Treasure Unearths Giant Planet
A giant planet shrouded(遮盖)in clouds, in orbit(轨道)around a star 385 light years from our sun, has been captured by the James Webb Space Telescope in images described as a “____16____ moment for astronomy.”
In observations led by a British astronomer, the pioneering telescope focused on a “gas giant” planet called HIP65426b. It captured images in infrared light(红外光), which allows astronomers to more ____17____ calculate the mass and temperature of “exoplanets”—the ____18____ for planets in orbit around other stars. It should ultimately allow them to detect clouds moving across their surface, ____19____ alien weather patterns on worlds hundreds of light years from our solar system. The images show the planet as “blobs(斑点) of light” in blue, purple, yellow and  red hues under various infrared wavelengths.
The planet is up to 12 times bigger than Jupiter and orbits about 100 times farther from its host star compared with the Earth’s distance from the sun, making it ____20____ for astronomers to separate the planet from its star when attempting to capture images of it. The planet is only 15 to 20 million years old, a fraction of the ____21____ of the Earth, which is 4.5 billion years old. Like Jupiter and Saturn, it has “no rocky surface and could not be ____22____,” NASA said.
The ____23____ of an exoplanet is usually detected when the light from a distant star appears to become less ____24____ at regular intervals, suggesting that a planet is passing across its face once per orbit like a tiny partial eclipse(日偏食). It is extremely difficult to capture a direct image of an exoplanet _____25_____ they are thousands of times fainter than the stars they orbit.
James Webb used an instrument called a coronagraph to _____26_____ light from HiP65426b’ s host star, which lies in the Centaurus constellation(半人马座), “Obtaining this image felt like _____27_____ space treasure,” said Aarynn Carter, a researcher at the University of California. “At first, all I could see was light from the star, but with careful image processing, I was able to remove that light and uncover the planet.”
Analysis suggests that the planet has a red hue and a temperature of 1,300℃. The images could give a clue as to how Jupiter and Saturn looked in their _____28_____ more than four billion years ago.
NASA said, “Webb’s view, at longer infrared wavelengths, shows new details that ground—based telescopes would not be able to detect _____29_____ the intrinsic(本身的)infrared glow of Earth’s atmosphere.”
The telescope has already been used to analyze the _____30_____ make—up of the atmosphere on another exoplanet, WASP—39b, detecting carbon dioxide by analyzing the spectrum(光谱) of light passing through its clouds.
16．A．difficult B．awful C．dramatic D．transformative
17．A．carefully B．precisely C．positively D．quickly
18．A．term B．reason C．explanation D．material
19．A．reporting B．forecasting C．changing D．revealing
20．A．clear B．impossible C．easier D．harder
21．A．time B．age C．history D．distance
22．A．renewable B．habitable C．detectable D．feasible
23．A．form B．component C．existence D．orbit
24．A．gentle B．natural C．warm D．bright
25．A．because B．although C．unless D．as if
26．A．look out B．find out C．block out D．make out
27．A．digging for B．hiding from C．bringing out D．mixing into
28．A．infancy B．childhood C．youth D．peak
29．A．in case of B．in the way of C．regardless of D．owing to
30．A．chemical B．physical C．psychological D．medical

（2023·高一课时练习）In September 2016, six people came out from a small solar-powered building on the side of a volcano in Hawaii. They were ____31____ of a simulated (模拟的) mission to Mars, and they had been living in the building for nearly one year, ____32____ from the rest of the world.
This mission to Mars was part of an ongoing ____33____ to see how people would deal with the challenges of living on another planet. Based on the ____34____ of the experiment so far, here are four abilities you would need to ____35____ on Mars.
The first is Resourcefulness (足智多谋). When the water system broke, the group had two ____36____. They could figure out how to fix it or they could ____37____ months for supplies to be delivered from “Earth”—by which point they would be dead. So they ____38____ it themselves.
The second is Imagination. The group members have said boredom was a major ____39____. On Mars, you wouldn’t have Netflix or Xbox, so you’d have to _____40_____ other forms of entertainment (娱乐活动).
The third is Tolerance (宽容). The building is only a quarter of the size of a basketball court. If you’re _____41_____ annoyed by people, life on Mars might not be for you. Whether eating, working, exercising, or relaxing, you would hardly be _____42_____.
The last is Independence. During a mission, there is no real-time _____43_____ between the group and anyone on “Earth.” They have email, _____44_____ messages are on a 20-minute delay (延迟), simulating how long it would take messages to _____45_____ between Earth and Mars. So you would be removed from the lives of your loved ones back on Earth.
31．A．captains B．members C．astronauts D．directors
32．A．pulled B．kept free C．protected D．cut off
33．A．explanation B．holiday C．experiment D．game
34．A．results B．origins C．wishes D．requirements
35．A．refuse B．copy C．argue D．survive
36．A．tasks B．choices C．dreams D．conditions
37．A．spread B．prepare C．wait D．leave
38．A．fixed B．watered C．called D．planted
39．A．desire B．habit C．ability D．challenge
40．A．limit B．forget C．find D．leap
41．A．hardly B．easily C．secretly D．suddenly
42．A．alone B．polite C．successful D．normal
43．A．communication B．system C．teaching D．meeting
44．A．so B．but C．if D．unless
45．A．escape B．walk C．travel D．change

（2022春·江苏常州·高一统考期中）It took humans thousands of years to understand our own planet, and centuries ___46___ our neighboring planets. Nowadays, new worlds are being ___47___ every week.
Up to the present time, astronomers have ___48___ more than 370 “exoplanets”—planets orbiting (绕……运动) outer space stars (恒星) other than our sun. There is a “hot Saturn (土星)” 260 light-years from Earth that orbits its parent star so ___49___ that a year there lasts less than three days. ___50___ another star 150 light-years out is a burning “hot Jupiter (木星),” where upper atmosphere (大气层) is being burning to form a huge comet-like tail. Astronomers have found another three ___51___ orbiting a pulsar (脉冲星)—the remains of a once huge star shrinking (收缩) into a small atomic nucleus the ___52___ of a city. Some planets have obviously fallen into their suns. Others have been thrown out of their ___53___ to become “floaters” that float in the darkness of the universe.
Among all these, scientists are eager to find a clue of the ___54___: planets like the Earth. That is, planets orbiting their stars at just the right distance—neither too hot nor too cold—to ____55____ life as we know it. We have not yet found planets that are quite like our own, ____56____ because they’re inconspicuous (不起眼的). To see a planet as ____57____ and slim as ours among the brightness of its star is like trying to see a firefly in a fireworks display.  ____58____ by pushing technology to the ____59____, astronomers are rapidly approaching the day when they can find another Earth. And when they do, they can examine it for ____60____ of life.
46．A．explore B．separate C．forget D．defend
47．A．revised B．discovered C．saved D．created
48．A．travelled B．damaged C．recognized D．ignored
49．A．slowly B．easily C．wrongly D．rapidly
50．A．Removing B．Circling C．Lighting D．Showing
51．A．stars B．moons C．planets D．satellites
52．A．type B．distance C．power D．size
53．A．authorities B．species C．systems D．facilities
54．A．familiar B．previous C．unknown D．distant
55．A．hide B．discover C．injure D．support
56．A．luckily B．instantly C．probably D．officially
57．A．small B．bright C．blue D．clear
58．A．And B．Yet C．So D．Thus
59．A．limits B．ends C．opposites D．beginnings
60．A．examples B．designs C．means D．signs

（2021春·江苏扬州·高一统考期末）Around 50 Mars missions have been launched globally so far since 1960. Yet more than half of them have ___61___ to reach the planet some 55 million kilometers away from the Earth. So after China’s Mars probe, Tianwen-1, was ___62___ on July 23 last year, there was an ___63___ wait to learn its progress.
The craft landed ___64___ on the surface of the planet on Saturday. The news has been met with both ___65___ and celebration in the country. The landing was ___66___ exactly as planned, which has made China the latest member of the club of the world’s pioneering ___67___, and shows that China has ___68___ the technologies on its own.
It is the can-do spirit that has played a key role in China’s scientific and technological development in recent decades ___69___ some failures to explore outer space.
China made its early ____70____ in rocket and space technologies starting from the 1960s ____71____ the country remained largely a backward agricultural country. ____72____, the country has made the most of what it had over the past more than six decades, making efforts to move ahead in the aerospace cause.
Late last month, China sent Tianhe into space, ____73____ a series of launches that will complete the building of the station around 2022.
All these achievements have ____74____ greatly to the peaceful use of outer space. ____75____ its Mars mission, China has worked with European partners and others and will help push humankind to travel faster and farther in the future.
61．A．begun B．failed C．attempted D．succeeded
62．A．transported B．discovered C．launched D．settled
63．A．anxious B．aware C．awkward D．amazing
64．A．suddenly B．safely C．calmly D．obviously
65．A．protest B．regret C．pity D．relief
66．A．carried away B．carried off C．carried out D．carried on
67．A．explorers B．applicants C．officials D．editors
68．A．borrowed B．selected C．developed D．removed
69．A．without B．beyond C．except D．despite
70．A．promises B．impacts C．inventions D．breakthroughs
71．A．where B．when C．that D．which
72．A．Thus B．Therefore C．Furthermore D．However
73．A．getting off B．cutting off C．starting off D．putting off
74．A．appealed B．contributed C．responded D．belonged
75．A．Upon B．Before C．During D．After

参考答案：

1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．D 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国成功发射“天问一号”，此次成功登陆火星是中国空间技术发展的巨大飞跃。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，其中一半以上未能到达距离地球5500万公里远的行星。A. begun开始；B. failed失败；C. attempted尝试；D. succeeded成功。根据“Around 50 Mars missions have been launched globally so far since 1960.”和“Yet”可知，超过一半的火星任务失败了。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，在中国的火星探测器“天问一号”于去年7月23日发射后，人们焦急地等待着了解它的进展。A. transported运输；B. discovered发现；C. launched发射；D. settled解决。根据“The craft landed____4____ on the surface of the planet on Saturday.”和常识可知，天问一号是去年7月23号发射的。故选C。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，在中国的火星探测器“天问一号”于去年7月23日发射后，人们焦急地等待着了解它的进展。A. anxious焦急的；B. aware有意识的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. amazing令人惊讶的。根据“Yet more than half of them have 　　1　　　to reach the planet some 55 million kilometers away from the Earth.  ”可知，火星发射失败率很高，因此在天问一号发射之后，所有人都在焦急等待它的进展情况。故选A。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：该飞船于周六在火星表面安全着陆。A. suddenly突然地；B. safely安全地；C. calmly安静地；D. obviously明显地。根据“The news has been met with both ____5____ and celebration in the country.”可知，飞行器安全地着陆在火星表面，举国欢庆。故选B。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个消息让这个国家感到宽慰和喜庆。A. protest反对；B. regret后悔；C. pity遗憾；D. relief宽慰。根据“The craft landed____4____ on the surface of the planet on Saturday.”可知，飞行器安全着陆火星的消息令人宽慰。故选D。
6．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这次着陆完全按照计划进行，这使中国成为世界先锋探险者俱乐部的最新成员，也表明中国已经自主研发这项技术。A. carried away带走；B. carried off夺走；C. carried out实施；D. carried on继续。根据“which has made China the latest member of the club of the world’s pioneering ____7____,”可知，飞行器安全着陆，因此它的着陆是按计划实行的。故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次着陆完全按照计划进行，这使中国成为世界先锋探险者俱乐部的最新成员，也表明中国已经自主研发这项技术。A. explorers探险者；B. applicants申请人；C. officials官员；D. editors编辑。根据“The landing was ____6____ exactly as planned,”可知，飞行器安全地着陆在火星表面是一次太空探险，中国已然跻身于世界先锋探险者行列。故选A。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次着陆完全按照计划进行，这使中国成为世界先锋探险者俱乐部的最新成员，也表明中国已经自主研发这项技术。A. borrowed借；B. selected选择；C. developed开发；D. removed开除。根据“the technologies independently”可知，此次火星着陆技术是中国自主研发的。故选C。
9．考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管在探索外层空间方面有一些失败，但这种敢做敢为的精神在中国近几十年的科技发展中发挥了关键作用。A. without没有，缺乏；B. beyond超过；C. except除……之外；D. despite尽管。根据“some failures in exploring outer space.”可知，与主句之间有让步关系，太空探索尽管遇到失败，但是敢做能为的精神在科学技术发展方面起着关键的作用。故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从上世纪60年代开始，中国在火箭和航天技术方面取得了早期突破，当时中国在很大程度上仍是一个落后的农业国家。A. promises承诺；B. impacts影响；C. inventions发明；D. breakthroughs突破。根据“in rocket and space technologies starting from the 1960s”和下文的“the country has made the most of what it had over the past more than six decades”可知，中国在火箭和太空技术方面取得了早期的突破。故选D。