英语四级写作经典短语汇总.docx

英语四级写作经典短语
1．经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy
2．人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长　 the remarkable
improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard
3．先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology
4．面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges
5．人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…
6．社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development
7．引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention
8．不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…
9．热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate
10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue
11．完全不同的观点 a totally different argument
12．一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…
13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,
14．就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…
15．有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons
16．双方的论点 arguments on both sides
17．发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…
18．对…必不可少 be indispensable to …
19．正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:
20．…也不例外 …be no exception
21．对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…
22．利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
23．导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in
24．复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon
25．责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement
26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation
27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision
28．学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills
29．经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden
30．考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration
31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective
32．做出共同努力 make joint efforts
33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…
34．为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society
35．打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…
36．综合素质 comprehensive quality
37．无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach
39．致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…
40. 应当承认 Admittedly,
41．不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty
42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…
43．可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information
44．宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources
45．因特网 the Internet （一定要由冠词，字母I 大写）
46．方便快捷 convenient and efficient
47．在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life
48．环保（的） environmental protection / environmentally friendly
49．社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress
50．科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology
51．对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue
52．支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in favor of the former/ latter opinion
53．有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence
54．在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way
55. 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice
56. …必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…
57．日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition
58．眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest
59．长远利益. interest in the long run
60．…有其自身的优缺点 … has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages
61．扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones
62．取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs.
63．对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to
64．交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information
65．跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with

the latest development of …
66．采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth.
67．…的健康发展 the healthy development of …
68．有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides.
No garden without weeds.
69．对…观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person.
70．重视 attach great importance to…
71．社会地位 social status
72．把时间和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on…
73．扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge
74．身心两方面 both physically and mentally
75．有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to…
76. 提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal
77. 可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold
the opinion/ belief that
78．缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden
79．优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth.
80．与…比较 compared with…/ in comparison with
81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary.
82．代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of
83．经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water
84．提供就业机会 offer job opportunities
85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress
86．毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…
87．增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding
88．充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of
89．承受更大的工作压力 suffer from heavier work pressure
90．保障社会的稳定和繁荣 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society
91．更多地强调 put more emphasis on…
92．适应社会发展 adapt oneself to the development of society
93．实现梦想 realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true
94. 主要理由列举如下 The main reasons are listed as follows:
95. 首先 First， Firstly， In the first place, To begin with
96．其次 Second, Secondly, In the second place
97. 再次 Besides，In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore
98. 最后 Finally, Last but not the least, Above all, Lastly,
99. 总而言之 All in all, To sum up, In summary, In a word,
100．我们还有很长的路要走 We still have a long way to go.

众所周知，写作的提高不是一日之功。随着考试的日益临近，文都考研(论坛) 命题组老师为大家支招——越需要花大力气进行备考的题型，越需要注意技巧和方法，抓住解题核心。一般来说，四级考场作文的写作步骤分为四步：
(一)审题立意
命题作文写作过程中最关键的步骤就是审题，不仔细审题很容易使作文跑题，因此这是必不可少的第一步，一般需要注意以下两个方面：
1.分析题目和提纲，确定文章的体裁及命题类型，抓住中心思想，联想此作文要求的体裁及命题类型的写作原则及要求。
2.进一步确定给定的题材及此作文要考查重点内容。也就是说，通过审题，考生对作文谈论的主要话题心中有数。还要从题目中找出关键词，判断该题目含概内容以及侧重点是什么。例如，“Will E-books Replace Traditional Books”，电子书籍能否代替传统书籍是本作文要讨论的中心内容，写作时要抓住 “E-books”的好处/缺点和“Traditional Books”的好处/缺点来论证作文主题。
(二)草拟提纲
四级考试中最常见的是给出题目和提纲题型，因此只需考生能正确有效地去利用已经给出的中文提纲，对提纲材料进行加工、补充、扩展即可。文章的大概内容每个考生都很容易把握，因此扩展这一步骤显得尤为重要，首先确定重点，选准扩充点，将较抽象的内容具体化，阐述透彻，要有新意，要出现亮点。另外，考生要注意不同的作文题型，对列提纲的要求有所不同，写作的格式也不同。最后，建议考生最好直接用英语(论坛)列出更细的提纲。这样既节约时间，又提高写作速度。
(三)落笔写作
题目中已经列出汉语提纲，写作思路的难度大大降低，因此考生要更加注重写作过程。在这一过程中，以所拟定的提纲为指导，把提纲中要点内容通过一些过渡手段将其连接成完整的文章。文章得分的关键在于能够合理地对构思素材取舍增补，调整框架结构，并且不断创造语言亮点，例如：各种从句、虚拟语气、倒装句、强调句、插入语以及替换词。最后还要兼顾各种语法现象。
(四)修改润色
考试过程中时间往往很紧张，考生最好考虑成熟后动笔直接写在试卷上，这样节省时间。另外，如果确实有要修改的地方，要注意卷面的整洁，这往往会影响阅卷老师的第一印象。检查文章时主要从以下几个方面入手:
1.语篇结构上的检查。这主要是检查文章的主题是否明确，篇章层次是否明显，段落衔接是否连贯，内容是否切题等。
2.段落检查。这一步主要检查段落是否完善，中心是否突出，段内各句是否衔接紧凑等。
3.语法上的检查，包括用词是否恰当，标点是否正确，句子结构是否完整，语句是否通顺等。
下面以2009年12月四级作文真题为例，详细阐述一下写作的这四个步骤：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of “Creating A Green Campus”.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1.建设绿色校园很重要
2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……
3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……
(一)审题立意
1.首先审题目以及提纲，考生很容易判断出这是问题解决类作文。
2.该作文体现出一种较新的命题方式，首先在题材上，依然是我们所熟悉的校园类话题，同时兼顾社会的热点：环保问题，这也与社会的大背景有关系，刚刚闭幕的哥本哈根世界气候大会也同时关注环保减排这个主题，因此我们的作文也与社会热点有很大的关系。分析题目Green “绿色”和Campus “校园”是本作文的关键词。考生应该考虑绿色校园具体是什么含义。重点应放在绿色校园的含义以及我们应该采取的措施上。考卷已经列出了提纲，这是对“三段式”提纲类作文写作结构的考查。
(二)草拟提纲
Topic: Creating A Green Campus
Question: What’s a green campus and how to creat a green campus?
Outline:
Creating A Green Campus
I. Nowadays the topic of a green campus has aroused public attention.
1.It is of vital importance to the students
2.It has a profound impact on society
II. The idea of “a green campus” is beyond a green environment.
1. green environment preservation and protection
2.a civilized atmosphere for students’ mental health
III. It is imperative for us to take effective measures to creat a green campus.
1.The law and regulations should be worked out
2.Enhanced the awareness of the students themselves
(三)落笔写作
1.阐述问题段：根据题目中的提纲，首先强调建立绿色校园的重要性，最好在此句之前做一个铺垫，介绍建立绿色校园受到人们广泛关注这一背景信息，即the topic of a green campus has aroused public attention.
important。
the indispensable part for, has a profound impact on, significance等。
2.说明原因段：对绿色校园的两方面含义进行论述。另外在展开论证过程中，抽象句子要举例说明，如：such as planting more trees and flowers, for example, students will be severely punished in case of cheating in exams，这些具体信息使文章更生动，容易理解。
to begin with, in addition to; furthermore/not only … but also …/ what’s more; for example/for instance/such as; in other words/ in particular等。
The idea of “a green campus” is beyond a green environment.
campus construction refers to green environment preservation and protection。然后举例进一步解释此含义，并强调其重要性：which makes campus an ecological and natural resort.在这个过程中考生要注意亮点词汇以及句型的使用。
in addition to引出“绿色校园”的第二层含义，即create a civilized atmosphere for the sake of students’ mental health.然后举例进一步解释此含义。如：For example, students will be severely punished in case of cheating in exams and plagiarizing in academic papers.
3.解决方法段：鉴于“绿色校园”的重要性，说明采取措施的必要性，如：To bring “green campus” to its full play, effective measures should be taken.
We must…/ We should…等。
It is essential that …; Only by the co瞖fforts of the whole society could “green campus” work smoothly.这样使自己的观点表达得既委婉又客观。
Creating A Green Campus
Nowadays the topic of a green campus has been widely debated which has aroused public attention. Undoubtedly, a green campus, the indispensable part for the development of college students, has a profound impact on both individuals and society, for its significance cannot be denied.
The idea of “a green campus” is beyond a green environment. To begin with, campus construction refers to green environment preservation and protection, such as planting more trees and flowers, which makes campus an ecological and natural resort, and advocating green products. For example, students are encouraged to avoid using disposable plastic containers in campus dining hall and recycle wasted batteries and other electrical products properly. In addition to the environmentally friendly practice, we shall make every effort to improve the moral standard and ethical level of university students in order to create a civilized atmosphere for the sake of students’ mental health. For example, students will be severely punished in case of cheating in exams and plagiarizing in academic papers.
To bring “green campus” to its full play, effective measures should be taken. First, based on its education function, campus should bring the theory of “sustainable development” into classrooms, set environmental management rules and conduct environmental education activities. Second, it is essential that law and regulations be worked out and enforced by the government and school authorities. Only by the co-efforts of the whole society could “green campus” work smoothly and bring benefit to people’s well-beings.
(四)修改润色
1.检查
检查是否包含考卷提纲列出的所有信息；各段落衔接是否连贯，使用In the first place, Furthermore, On the one hand， For instance， On the other hand等词可以达到这种效果；语法上单词拼写上是否有误，如较长单词indispensable，environmentally friendly，preservation，plagiarizing等，以及短语has a profound impact on，disposable plastic containers，in case of，bring …to its full play, bring benefit to以及最后一段中虚拟语气、倒装句使用是否正确。避免使用“汉语式英语”；检查文章标点符号是否正确。
2.润色
例如：Only by the co-efforts of the whole society could “green campus” work smoothly and bring benefit to people’s well-beings中使用倒装句的结构，凸显考生的语法功底。

四级高频词组
　　1. at the thought of一想到…
　　2. as a whole (=in general) 就整体而论
　　3. at will 随心所欲
　　4. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于，富有
　　5. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近，进入，了解
　　6. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地，意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地，
　　7. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地
　　8. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同…。不一致
　　9. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地
　　10. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照，根据
　　11. on one’s own account
　　1) 为了某人的缘故， 为了某人自己的利益
　　2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责
　　3) (=by oneself)依靠自己
　　12. take…into account(=consider)把..。考虑进去
　　13. give sb. an account of 说明， 解释 (理由)
　　14. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释， 说明。
　　15. on account of (=because of) 由于，因为。
　　16. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要，无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)
　　17. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控，控告
　　18. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于。
　　19. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉
　　20. act on 奉行，按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理
　　21. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于
　　22. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编， 改写(以适应新的需要)
　　23. in addition (=besides) 此外， 又， 加之
　　24. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外
　　25. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持， 遵循
　　26. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的， 临近的
　　27. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;
　　28. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地。
　　29. in advance (before in time) 预告， 事先
　　30. to advantage 有利的，使优点更加突出地
　　31. have an advantage over 胜过
　　have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件
　　have the advantage of sb。知道某人所不知道的事
　　32. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用
　　33. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意
　　34. in agreement (with) 同意， 一致
　　35. ahead of 在…之前， 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前
　　36. in the air 1)不肯定， 不具体. 2)在谣传中
　　37. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是， 最重要的
　　38. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共， 总计
　　39. after all 毕竟，到底; (not) at all 一点也不;
　　all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎
　　40. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到， 估计到
　　41. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计， 等于。
　　42. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责。
　　43. answer to (=conform to) 适合，符合。
　　44. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for
　　45. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉
　　46. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力
　　47. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请; apply for申请; apply to 适用。
　　48. apply to 与…有关;适用
　　49. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成， approve vt. 批准
　　50. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起。