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四级听力
四级听力常考场景:
(1) 学习选课场景常用词汇:
学生场景
freshman 大一学生sophomore 大学二年级生, 有二年经验的
junior student 大三学生senior student 大四学生,高年级学生
undergraduate student 本科生graduate student / postgraduate student 研究生
master's degree 硕士学位bachelor's degree 学士学位
alumni / alumnus 校友
老师场景
professor 教授teaching fellow 讲师tutor / mentor / director / super visor 导师
dean 系主任department 系president 校长staff 全体员工(商店、企业)
faculty 全体教职员工
上课、选课、听讲座、听报告场景
take the course 选课 drop the course 退课register 注册sign up for the course 选课
Pick up = learn cancel 取消full 报满
selective course / elective course / optional course 选修课
requirement / required course / compulsory 必修课
lecture 讲座 seminar 讨论班credit 学分 introductory course 初级课程
advanced course 高级课程 math 数学computer course 计算机
psychology course 心理学physics 物理学 economics 经济学
computer science 计算机科学 sociology 社会学geology 地质学chemistry 化学
biology 生物学 biochemistry 生物化学science 理科
作业场景
homework / assignment / project作业
book report 读书报告presentation 课堂发言reading list 书单
turn in / hand in 上交deadline 最后期限due 到期
extension 延期paper 论文 / essay 小论文
term paper 学期报告thesis 毕业论文proposal 开题报告\
考试场景
Mid-term examination 期中考试 Final exam 期末考试 Quiz 小测试
Grade\score 分数 Pass 通过 Passing grade Make up exam 补考
Cheat 作弊 Draw near 考试临近 Delay\put off\postpone 延迟
(2)看病场景常用词汇:
医院及医生:clinic诊所,physician内科医生,surgeon外科医生,dentist牙医,vet兽医 ,see a doctor看病,send for a doctor请医生,make an appointment预约。
症状:symptom症状, have/catch a cold感冒 ,have a sore throat嗓子痛, stomachache胃痛,fever发烧 ,cough咳嗽,headache头痛,toothache牙痛,have a runny nose流鼻涕,depression沮丧,消沉,vomit/throw up/呕吐,dizzy头晕,feel chilly觉得发冷。
疾病:flu流感,allergy过敏症,twisted扭伤的, have a stuffed nose鼻子不通,fever发热。
药剂:pills药丸,tablet药片,capsule胶囊,mixture合剂,eye drops眼药水 ,syrup糖浆,pad药棉块,vitamin维他命,medication药物,aspirin阿司匹林,cold cure感冒药。
治疗:bandage绷带,injection注射,preventive injection预防针,take one’s temperature量体温,feel one’s pulse量脉搏,take one’s blood pressure量血压,give a prescription开药方,have an operation 动手术。
(3)图书馆场景常用词汇:
动作: check out登记并借出,renew续借,overdue过期的,迟到的,return归还,pay a fine支付罚款。
书的状态:available可用到的, 可得到的,可以借到的,out on loan借出的,reserved in circulation 在书库里,out of circulation借出,not for circulation不外借。
借的物品:book书,newspapers报纸,video tapes录像带,journal杂志,periodicals期刊, 杂志,current issue 现期刊物,back issue过期刊物。
借书需要证件:library card/admission card图书馆出入卡,driving license/license 驾照,student card学生证,library card借书卡。
图书馆各部分名称:information desk 服务台,delivery/circulation desk借书台, reference(stacks)参考, 参考书目,open/closed shelf 开架,闭架, photocopy room复印室, Return Area 还书处, Reference Section 参考书部。
(4)出行场景常用词汇:
to book a room 预定一个房间, register登记, to check in /out登记入住/结帐退房,motel汽车旅馆,lodge旅馆,cabin小屋,tent帐篷,visa签证,passport护照,travel agency旅行社,relaxation松弛,娱乐,recreation消遣,娱乐,transportation 运输,traffic jam塞车,one-way ticket 单程票,round-trip/return ticket往返票, flight number 航班号,direct/non-stop flight直飞航班,terminal终点站,destination目的地,luggage行李,picnic野餐,resort 旅游胜地,scenic spot风景点,place of interest名胜古迹。
(5) 餐馆场景常用词汇:
Fast food快餐, fried food 油炸食品, apple pie苹果派, Pizza 比萨appetizer开胃菜, vegetable salad 蔬菜沙拉, Soup汤, dessert 甜点ice cream today's special 今日特餐, specialty 招牌菜 bread 面包noodles 面条, vegetable 蔬菜, sandwich 三明治toast 土司, hamburger 汉堡, cake 蛋糕 restaurant 餐馆, cafeteria 自助餐厅, bar 酒吧, waiter男服务生, waitress女服务生, order定购,reserve预定, menu 菜单, bill 帐单, tip 小费, go Dutch 各自付帐, my treat 我请客, dessert 餐后甜点, main dish 主菜, recipe菜谱, special特色菜,snack小吃,receive a tip接受小费drink 饮料, whisky 威士忌酒, wine 葡萄酒, alcohol酒, beer 啤酒, soft drink不含酒精)饮料。
(6)减肥场景常用词汇:
put on some weight /gain some weight增重,lose some weight减肥,on a diet节食, keep fit/stay in shape/keep in shape/get into shape 保持体型,in poor/terrible shape/ out of shape身材不好。
购物场景
Store /department store商店, supermarket超市, Shopping center/ shopping mall购物中心, shop assistant售货员discount/off打折 ,out of stock卖完了, Bargain便宜货, style/size/color款式、大小、颜色, large/medium/small大号中号小号Exchange调换 , a clearance sale清仓处理
邮局场景
post /send 寄, letter/mail 信, registered mail 挂号信, regular mail 平信, stamp 邮票, airmail 航空信,parcel / package 包裹, telegram / cable 电报, rate 费率,postage 邮资, overweight 超重, email 电子邮件,reply 回复, forward 转发, cc(carbon copy)抄送 bcc(blind carbon copy), subject 主题, attach 附件
天气场景
Climate气候, weather forecast天气预报, sunny晴天, clear up 变晴Mild / agreeable 温和的, cloudy 阴天, shower/downpour阵雨/大雨Thunder/lightening 打雷/闪电, windy/strong wind多风的/强风, Snowstorm暴风雪foggy/dense/heavy fog雾天/浓雾, warm up 转暖, wet 潮湿, humid潮湿>get worse天气恶化, unusual 不同寻常的天气, heavy snow 大雪
服装种类
clothing衣服总称 , costume传统服装;戏服, suit一套男(女)服 tie 领带, jacket茄克衫, T-shirt短袖圆领汗衫(运动衫) pants (trousers)裤子;长裤, jeans牛仔裤 , uniform制服 underwear (undergarment)内衣 , stockings长统袜 , down jacket 羽绒服sweater毛衣, gloves手套,scarf围巾sandals凉鞋, slippers拖鞋, boots皮靴gym shoes 运动鞋, running shoes跑步鞋,sewing缝纫 formal正式的casual休闲的navy blue 海军蓝的large大号的, medium中号的, small小号的,tight紧的, loose=baggy 宽松的,wool羊毛:毛线cotton棉制, striped带条纹的
租房场景
live on campus 住校, live off campus 住校外, apartment公寓, dorm宿舍 for sale 可销售的房子, for rent / lease 可出租的房子, accommodation 住宿rent 租金, utilities 水电费, location 位置, suburb / downtown 市郊 / 市中心condition 住房条件, furnished 配家具, unfurnished 无装修, leaking 漏水blackout 断电, environment 环境transportation 交通, land lord 房东tenant 房客, roommate 室友,好的室友要求:neat 整洁的 considerate 体贴的,不好的室友:messy 脏乱的, noisy 吵闹的
同学相处高频词汇: active and sociable积极的,乐于交际的, talkative能说会道的,just the opposite恰恰相反, have a lot in common有很多共同点has a very bad temper脾气坏, in a bad mood心情不好,get along well with相处很好, compatible能相容的 hit it off 一开始就相处很好, keep it to oneself 闷在心里 , afford负担得起。
交通运输场景
fare 车票, license 驾照, rush hours 高峰时间, traffic jam 交通堵塞 overtake 超车, one way street 单行道, over speed 超速ticket 罚单express way 高速公路police officer 交警,交通工具(出现频率从高到低) plane / train / bus / bike / walk / taxi\tunnel / channel 隧道, ring road 环线, subway(美) / underground (英) 地铁metro 地道, overhead 轻轨, flyover 人行天桥 Used car 旧车, afford买的起, Give sb a ride搭车Taxi/cab出租车, break down抛锚, flat tire暴胎rush hour 高峰期, traffic jam堵车, car accident事故fix/repair修理, garage 修车场, damage损害 dead 报废, survive 活下来, minor injury 轻伤
打工场景
job vacancy 有空缺职位, letter of application 求职信, resume 简历resume包括:basic / personal info. 基本信息/个人资料, academic background 教育背景work experience 工作经验, certificates证书 interview 面试,offer 聘用信,work overtime 加班,ask for a raise 加钱, wage 周薪, salary 日薪,bonus奖金,allowance 津贴,annual income 年收入,promotion 升职, fire 解雇, 工作职位 post / position , resign work / job / career / course辞职, vacation 休假,sick leave 病假, rest 休息,break 指喝杯茶、喝杯咖啡的休息coffee break away 离开一会
规律:
短对话听力的一些原则:
短对话必须遵守的一个原则就是:先听到什么不太可能是正确选项,后听到的才可能是正确答案,没听到什么最有可能选择什么!!!
1. 推理原则:一般需对对话进行推理,故直接在对话中听到的一般不是正确答案。
2. 挫折原则:通常要办的事情都是不顺利的(如买东西买不到,订房间客满等)
3. 男女原则:一般男生比较衰,女生比较牛。男生提出的观点女生都是不同意或有不同看法的,反之女生提出的观点男生都是同意和赞赏的。
男生的特征:脏、乱、差、浪费、穷、小气、不良习惯、迟钝、不顾家
女生的特征:爱干净、节约、富有、好学、能干、聪明、大度、耐心、恋家、除数理化外成绩都很好
4. 父母一般只有一个作用:教育子女好好学习
5. 除了父母教育子女外,家里(包括朋友家,阿姨家等等)发生的事情一般是不考的,故遇到地点推测题类似 at home / at Mary’s home之类的选项一般都是不对的。
6. 四级听力短对话只考日常生活学习中遇得到事情,问题,故如果选项中出现一些日常生活中不太可能发生或很少发生的事情一般不会是正确选项。
7.校园生活要符合正常思维(e.g. 凡事不应该放弃CET6/00.1; 高雅的东西永远推崇;教授的演讲虽然有时boring但是最终永远是正面评价;作业虽然多但是永远有方法可以克服; 虽然厌烦考试,但还要努力,正确对待)
短对话十大场景及一般思路 :
1. 借车:车一般是借不到的
2. 吃:匹萨,海鲜吃了一般会有不适反应,“派”一般比较好吃
3. 考试:作业、论文一般比较难,或须要熬夜
教授一般比较严厉
选修课较难较多
4. 坐车(飞机、轮船):一般都需要等
5. 事故(灾难):光明原则,一般不会死人
6. 听讲座:题目一般是比较有趣丰富的,内容一般是比较复杂难懂
7. 论文:一般需要修改(polish)或重写(rewrite)
8. 休闲:男生一般喜欢待在家里看TV或者看movie,女生一般喜欢高雅艺术如theater
9. 医院:需要预约make an appointment
10. 买票:基本上是买不到的
第一招:相关保留原则
当选项中有两项表达意思相近时,那么正确答案必在这两项之中!这时只需稍微听一听对话,即可知答案,如果出现了双重相关,便可直接确认正确选项,只需听完对话加之认证一下即可!
第二招:异项保留原则
当选项中出现有意思明显相反的两项时,那么正确答案必在此二项中出现!如果出现双重异项,那么即可判断出正确答案,异项保留原则在六级考试听力短对话中应用广泛!
第三招:女士保留原则
做题做多了,我们应该了解西方人的思维方式,当对话中出现女士的建议和要求时,我们一定要注意,这时女士说出来的话很可能就是正确选项的异意!因为女士经常以女神的形象出面,她们代表的是美好、正面、阳光的信息!
第四招:概括、抽象保留原则
当选项中出现比较概括、抽象的句子时,这时我们就要把表述事实的、具体的句子划掉,而去选择表概、抽象、比较性的句子!此原则可衍生出一个包含取大的原则,在作题时应用也是十分的广泛,一般当两个选项的意思接近时,表述比较全面的一般为正确选项!
第五招:态度和虚拟保留原则
这两种方法一般无单独命题的规律性,只是作为上述四种宏观方法的辅助方法出现,当只剩下两个选项时,通常正态度的选项容易是正确答案,表虚拟的选项更容易是正确答案!
四级阅读
第一篇: 阅读理解题答案项特征
(一)答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有: must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very completely, none, hardly等。
例(1) One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that _____ .
A. the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificant.
B. people's traditional concepts about work no longer hold true.
C. most people have to take part-time jobs.
D. people have to change their jobs from time to time.
(分析:四个选项中,C、D两项中都含有"have to",语气太绝对化,一般被排除。考生在剩下两项中进行选择,就大大降低了难度。)
例(2) The main idea of this passage is that _____ .
A. better use of green space facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life.
B. attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities.
C. the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago.
D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities.
(分析:B、D两项中均有must be,语气太绝对化,故一般被排除。考生结合短文内容在剩下两项中进行选择,命中率就极高了。)
(二)选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有: can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多数),more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等。
例(1) It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _____ .
A. Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries
B. in many countries success often depends on one's social status
C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries
D. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America
(分析:选项B中often 一词,语气委婉,不十分肯定,故为答案。而其它三项中所表达出的语气都明显绝对化。)
例(2) According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that _____ .
A. society can't provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates
B. high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education?
C. too many students have to earn their own living
D. college administrators encourage students to drop out
(分析:答案项C中有have to, 语气太绝对化,故被排除。而A项中can't 的语气则不十分绝对化,故为答案。)
(三)选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项,而同义替换的一般是选项。
例(1) According to Dr. David, Americans _____ .
A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life
B. often neglect the unsequences of sleep deficit
C. do not know how to relax themselves properly
D. can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep
(分析:答案项中A、D两项基本上是原文中句子的原现,故被排除。B项中有often 一词,语气委婉,不十肯定,故为答案。)
例(2) According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A. Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood
B. Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man
C. The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man
D. Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter.
(分析:A项句子基本上是原文词句,C项中有already一词,语气太绝对化,故A、C两项被排除。剩下B、D两项,而D项中有不十分肯定语气词may not,故选D。)
(四)较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的,选项一般是答案项。
例(1) which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.
B. Music can't be passed on to future generations unless it's recorded.
C. Folk songs can't be spread for unless they are printed on music sheet.
D. the development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.
(分析:根据短文内容可以看出,A、B、C三项的内容都只是从某一个方面阐述了一种观点,而D项句子所表达的意思就较全面,高度囊括了全篇短文的主旨。)
例(2) The first paragraph is mainly about _____ .
A. the teenagers' criticism of their parents
B. misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents
C. the dominance of the parents over their children
D. the teenagers' ability to deal with crisis
(分析:短文意思是讲年青人有时批评、责备其父母,认为父母对他们间误解负大部分责任是自然的事。而B项意思是年青人和父母间的误解;C项意思是父母对他们孩子的统治;D项指年轻人处理危机的能力。根据短文内容,可以明确看出,B、C、D三项内容都是从三个方面来论述短文观点的,而A项则较全面地、有针对性地表达了文章的中心意思,故为答案。)
(五)选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的(字面意思)一般不是答案项,而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。
例(1) The population in the 21st century _____ , according to the writer .
A. will be smaller than a few years ago
B. will not be as small as people expect
C. will prove to be a threat to the world
D. will not constitute as serious a problem as expected
(分析:选项A、B中都有small一词,该词在文中出现过,因而总觉肤浅,是字面之意。C项明显与文章不符,而D项表达的意义比small要深刻得多。)
例(2) From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one .
A. to be more successful in his career
B. to solve technical problems
C. to be more specialized in his field
D. to develop his professional skill
(分析:题意是"从文中看出员工素质有助于人们 ...。" B项题即"解决技术问题";C项意即"深化专业";D项"发展职业技能"。这三项表达的意思都比较具体,而A项则概括地有深度,包括了B、C、D三项内容。)
(六)选项中较符合常识的,易明白的一般不是选项;而似乎不太合理,一时较难理解的往往是正确选项。
例(1) Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by _____ .
A. stressing their high quality
B. unlinking him of their low price
C. maintaining a balance between quality and price
D. appealing to his buying motives
(分析:题干问的是"广告会通过什么办法能劝说顾客买那些没用的产品?"A项意思是通过强调质量,B项意思是使顾客意识到其产品价格低,C项意思是既考虑到质量又考虑到价格。这三项所表达的意思都是我们在看广告时能感受到的,生活中天天见到。故这样的选项一般不是答案。而D项意思是迎合了顾客购物心理,乍一看还不太明白,不好理解。而这样的选项往往是正确答案。)
例(2) Raising children, in the author's opinion, is .
A. a moral duty
B. a thankless job
C. a rewarding task
D. a source of inevitable pain
(分析:题目问的是,"依作者观点,抚养孩子是 "。 依据我们日常生活所闻所见,抚养孩子就是A. "一种道德责任" B."不求回报的工作"。我们都觉得抚养孩子是人生义务,是天经地 义的。这两项太熟悉了,因而一般不是答案。而C项"求回报的事",似乎不太合人情味、合乎常识。但这样的选项就是答案。D项有inevitable 一词,语气太绝对化,故排除掉。 此外,在作者态度题中,象中立态度(neutral)一般不是选项。在四个选项中,忽然有一个选项特别长或特别短,则此选项往往是正确选项。在两个选项中,如果除个别字外,其他部分完全一样,其中往往有一个是正确选项。"None of the above"往往是用作干扰项。)
第二篇: 各类题型干扰项特点
新闻记者理解题一般采用主旨大意题、事实细节题、判断词汇题、逻辑推理题、作者观点态度题五种形式。
(一)主旨大意题干扰项特点。
(1)虽覆盖全文意思,但显得太笼统;
(2)其内容太窄,不能覆盖全文内容,只是文章内容的一部分,或只是文章内容的一个细枝未节;
(3)与文章内容毫不相干,或与文章内容相悖。
例(1) The author write this passage to _____ .
A. discuss the negative aspects of being attractive
B. give advice to job-seekers who are attractive
C. demand equal rights for woman
D. emphasize the importance of appearance
(分析:文章中心意思是讲漂亮对女性的不利影响(But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.)但B项表达的意思偏离了主题(不是提供建议),且不是对所有外貌有魁力的人而言的;C项内容太笼统,太宽,不是讲女权平等;D项内容与文章主旨相反。故选A项。)
(二)细节题干扰项特点。
(1)与原句内容相反;
(2)与原文内容一半相同一半不同;
(3)与原句内容相似但过于绝对化;
(4)原文中根本没提到。
例(1) According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE?
A. Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood.
B. Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man
C. The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man?
D. Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter.
(分析:此题是一个细节判断题。A项与原文内容相反,过于绝对化,原文是说由硅材料构成的计算机可能成为一种新的智慧生命,并不是说已经是。B项内容原文中根本没提到。C项说计算机的推理能力目前已超过人类,但原文内容只是说到90年代,第6代计算机的问世,其推理能力才与人类的大脑相匹配,而不是已超过,故与原文内容有出入。因此答案是D项。)
(三)逻辑推理题干扰项特点
(1)不是在文章事实或上下文(句)逻辑基础上进行推理而得出了观点。
(2)虽然可以以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为基础进行推理,但推理过头,概
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