小学英语-PPT.ppt

小学英语语法,Click to edit Master text,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,小学英语语法,1,一般情况下，直接加,-s,，如：,book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds,2,以,s.x.,sh,.,ch,结尾，加,-,es,，,如：,bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches,3,以“辅音字母,y”,结尾，变,y,为,i,再加,-,es,，,如：,family-families,strawberry-strawberries,名词复数规则,4,以“,f,或,fe,”,结尾，变,f,或,fe,为,v,再加,-,es,，,如：,knife-knives,leafleaves,5,不规则名词复数：,man-men,woman-women,child-children,；,foot-feet,；,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,写出下列各词的复数,I _him _ this _ her _,watch _,child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _,tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _thief _you _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_,juice_water,_ milk_ rice_ tea_,一般现在时基本用法介绍,一般现在时的功能,1.,表示事物或人物的特征、状态。,如：,The sky is blue.,天空是蓝色的。,2.,表示经常性或习惯性的动作。,如：,I get up at six every day.,我天天六点起床。,3.,表示客观现实。,如：,The earth goes around the sun.,地球绕着太阳转。,一般现在时,一般现在时的构成,1.be,动词：主语,be(am,is,are),其它。如：,I am a boy.,我是一个男孩。,2.,行为动词：主语 行为动词,(,其它,),。如：,We study English.,我们学习英语。,当主语为第三人称单数,(he,she,it),时，要在动词 后加,“-s”,或,“-,es,”,如：,Mary likes Chinese.,玛丽喜欢汉语。,一般现在时的变化,1.be,动词的变化。,否定句：主语,be not,其它。,如：,He is not a worker.,他不是工人。,一般疑问句：,Be,主语 其它。,如：,-Are you a student?,-Yes.I am./No,Im not.,特殊疑问句：疑问词 一般疑问句。,如：,Where is my bike?,讲义共享,2.,行为动词的变化。,否定句：主语,dont(doesnt),动词原形,(,其它,),。,如：,I dont like bread.,当主语为第三人称单数，用,doesnt,构成否定句,如：,He doesnt often play.,一般疑问句：,Do(Does),主语 动词原形 其它。,如,-Do you often play football?,-Yes,I do./No,I dont.,当主语为第三人称单数，,要用,does,构成一般疑问句,-,如,-Does she go to work by bike?,-Yes,she does./No,she doesnt.,动词,s,的变化规则,1,一般情况下，直接加,-s,，,如：,cook-cooks,milk-milks,2,以,s.x.,sh,.,ch,.o,结尾，加,-,es,，,如：,guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes,3,以“辅音字母,y”,结尾，变,y,为,i,再加,-,es,，,如,study-studies,一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数,drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _,二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。,1.He often _(have)dinner at home.2.Daniel and Tommy _(be)in Class One.3.We _(not watch)TV on Monday.4.Nick _(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.5._ they _(like)the World Cup?6._ your parents _(read)newspapers,every day?7.The girl _(teach)us English on Sundays.8.She and I _(take)a walk together every,evening.,三、按照要求改写句子,1.Daniel watches TV every evening.(,改为否定句,)_2.I do my homework every day.(,改为一般疑问句，作否定回答,)_3.She likes milk.(,改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答,)_4.We go to school every morning.(,改为否定句,)_,五、改错,(,划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上,)1.Isyour brother speak English?_2.Does he likes going fishing?_3.He likes play games after class._4.Mr.Wu,teachs,us English._5.She dont do her homework on Sundays._,现在进行时,1,、现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。,2,、现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为,be,动词,ing,.,3,、现在进行时的否定句在,be,后加,not,。,4,、现在进行时的一般疑问句把,be,动词调到句 首。,5,、现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：,疑问词,+be,动词,+,主语,+doing+,其它？,但疑问词当主语时其结构为：,疑问词,+,be,动词,+doing+,其它,?,动词加,ing,的变化规则,1,一般情况下，直接加,ing,，,如：,cook-cooking,2,以不发音的,e,结尾，去,e,加,ing,，,如：,make-making,taste-tasting,3,假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加,ing,如：,run-running,stop-stopping,现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：,run_ swim _make_ begin_go_ like_write_ shop _have _sing_dance _put_,see_ love_ live_ take_,come _get _stop_ sit _,二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：,1.The boy _(draw)a picture now.2.Listen.Some girls _(sing)in the classroom.3.My mother _(cook)some nice foodnow.4.What _ you _(do)now?5.Look.They _(have)an English lesson.,三、句型转换：,1.They are doing housework.(,分别改成一般疑问句和否定句,)_2,The students are cleaning the classroom.(,改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答,)_,一般将来时,一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及 打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：,tomorrow,next day(week,month,year),soon,the day after tomorrow,（后天）等。,二、基本结构：,be going to do,；,will do.,三、否定句：在,be,动词（,am,is,are,）,l,后加,not,或情态动词,will,后加,not,成,wont,。,例如：,Im going to have a picnic this afternoon.Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.,四、一般疑问句：,be,或,will,提到句首，,some,改为,any,and,改为,or,，第一二人称互换。例如：,We are going to go on an outing this weekend.Are you going to go on an outing this weekend,五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。,1,、问人。,Who,例如：,I,m going to New York soon.Whos going to New York soon.2,、问干什么。,What do.,例如：,My father is going to,watch a race,with me this afternoon.What is your father going to,do with you this afternoon.3,、问什么时候。,When.,例如：,Shes going to go to bed,at nine.,When is she going to bed?,六、同义句：,be going to=will,I am going to go swimming tomorrow,（明天）,.=I will go,swimming tomorrow.,练习：填空。,1.,我打算明天和朋友去野炊。,I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.,2.,下个星期一你打算去干嘛,?,我想去打篮球。,What _ _ _ _ _next,Monday?I _ _ _ play basketball.,（同义句,3.,你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。,_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _?,Yes,she _.She _ _ _,buy some fruit.,4.,你们打算什么时候见面。,What time _ you _ _ meet?,用所给词的适当形式填空。,1.Today is a sunny day.We _(have)a picnic this afternoon.2.My brother _(go)to Shanghai next week.3.Tom often _(go)to school on foot.But today is rain.He _(go)to school by bike.4.What do you usually do at weekends?I usually _(watch)TV and _(catch)insects?5.Its Friday today.What _she _(do),this weekend?She _(watch)TV and _(catch)insects.,一般过去时,1,一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或 存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。,2,Be,动词在一般过去时中的变化：,am,和,is,在一般过去时中变为,was,（,was not=wasnt,）,are,在一般过去时中变为,were,。（,were not=werent,）,3,句中没有,be,动词的一般过去时的句子,否定句：,didnt,动词原形，,如：,Jim didnt go home yesterday,.,动词过去式变化规则：,1,一般在动词末尾加,-ed,，如：,work-worked,2,结尾是,e,加,d,，如：,live-lived,3,末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加,-,如：,stop-stopped,4,以“辅音字母,y”,结尾的，变,y,为,i,，再加,-ed,，如：,study-studied,5,不规则动词过去式：,am,、,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,swim-swam,sit-sat,一、用动词的适当形式填空,1.It _(be)Bens birthday last Friday.2.We all _(have)a good time last night.3.He _(jump)high on last Sports Day.4.Helen _(milk)a cow on Friday.5.She likes _ newspapers,but she _a book yesterday.(read)6._ they _(sweep)the floor on Sunday?No,they _.7.I _(watch)a cartoon on Monday.,六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习一、形容词的比较级,1,、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词,than,。比较级前面可以用,more,a little,来修饰表示程度。,than,后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。,2,形容词加,er,的规则：一般在词尾加,er,；以字母,e,结尾，加,r,；以,1,元音字母和,1,辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加,er,；以“辅音字母,+y”,结尾，先把,y,变,i,，再加,er,。,3,、不规则形容词比较级：,good-better,beautiful-,more beautiful,二、副词的比较级,1,形容词与副词的区别,(,有,be,用形，有形用,be,；有动用副，有副用动,),在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或,be,动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后,2,副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同,(,不规则变化：,well-better,，,far-farther,一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级,short_strong_ big_ small_fat_ thin_heavy_ light_nice_ good_ beautiful_low_high_ slow_fast_late_early_ far_ well_,二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：,1.My brother is two years _(old)than me.2.Tom is as _(fat)as Jim.3.Is your sister _(young)than you?Yes,she is.4.Who is _(thin),you or Helen?Helen is.,5._Nancy sing _(well)than Helen?,Yes,she _.6.Fangfang is not as _(tall)as the other girls.,7.My eyes are _(big)than _(she),8.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom?9._the girls get up _(early)than the,boys?No,they_.,三、翻译句子：,1,、谁比,Jim,年纪大？是你。,_ is _than Jim,？,_ are,2.,我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。,I like _.All my_ _than me.,3,、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。,_pencil is _,_or,_,？,_is,I think.,4.,我母亲比我父亲年纪小。,My_ _ _than my _.,5.,多做运动，你会更强壮。,_ more exercise,youll _soon.,There be,句型与,have,has,的区别,1,、,There be,句型表示：在某地有,某人,/,物,2,、在,there be,句型中，主语是单数，,be,动词用,is;,主语是复数，,be,动词用,are;,如有几件物品，,be,动词根据最近,be,动词的那个名词决定。,3,、,there be,句型的否定句在,be,动词后加,not,一般疑问句把,be,动词调到句首。,4,、,there be,句型与,have(has,),的区别：,there be,表示在某地有某人,/,物；,have(has,),表示某人拥有某物,。,5,、,some,和,any,在,there be,句型中的运用,some,用于肯定,，,any,用于否定句或疑问句。,6,、,and,和,or,在,there be,句型中的运用：,and,用于肯定句,or,用于否定句或疑问句。,7,、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：,How many+,名词复数,+are there+,介词短语？,How much+,不可数名词,+is there+,介词短语？,8,、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：,Whats+,介词短语,Fill in the blank with“have,has”or,“there is,there are”,1.I _ a good father and a good mother.,2._a telescope on the desk.,3.He_ a tape-recorder.,4._a basketball in the playground.,5.She_ some dresses.,人称代词和物主代词,1,、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于,than,之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。,2,、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。,人称代词和物主代词,主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性,I me my mine,you,you,your yours,he him his,his,she her,her,hers,it,it,its,its,we us our ours,they them their theirs,用所给词的适当形式填空。,1.That is not _kite.That kite is very small,but _is very big.(I),2.The dress is _.Give it to _(she),3._is my brother._ name is Jack.Look!,Those stamps are_(he),4.I can find my toy,but wheres _?(you),5.Show _ your kite,OK?(they,),用,am,，,is,，,are,填空。,1.That _ my red skirt.,2.Who _ I?,3.The jeans _ on the desk.,4.The black gloves _for Su Yang.,5.This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling.,6.The two cups of milk _ for me.,7.Some tea _ in the glass.,