英国文化1UKFamilyPersonalRelationships.pptx

Family&Personal RelationshipsContentlThe familylYouthlMarriagelMarriage&divorcelHusbands&wiveslParents&childrenlOld ageThe Familyl2 common family patterns in BritainlThe image of a typical British family(the couple are never married before,the husband work full time and the wife at home,the wife do almost all the housework and the husband helps occasionally,all members are happy)lChanges in the family and marriage since WWIIlUseful related terms YouthlEmergence of youth cultlReasons:lA considerable amount of freedom lIncreasing purchasing powerlMore relaxed and less strict family lifelBeing independent and free to choose lDifferent youth cult stylesMarriagelMarriage&divorcelWhy to get married?lSuccess and failure in marriagelHusbands&wives An increase in the sharing of household tasks and decision makinglParents&childrenlThe generation gapOld AgelAn ageing population due to the low birth rate and a declining death ratelLiving alternatives for the elderlylTo remain in their own homeslTo live with their family in a“granny flat”lSheltered housinglDay centreslOld peoples clubsTerms Related to FamilylLone parent familylChildren&Dependent childrenlParental responsibilitylSeparation&Divorce Lone Parent Family Such a family consists of a lone parent,living with his or her never-married dependent children,provided these children have no children of their own.ChildrenChildren are never-married people of any age who live with one or both parent(s).They also include stepchildren and adopted children(but not foster children)and also grandchildren(where the parents are absent).Dependent ChildrenlThe meaning of dependent children seems to vary slightly from time to time.In the 1991 Census,dependent children are never married children in families who are aged under 16,or aged 16-18 and in full-time education.Parental ResponsibilityIt means the day-to-day responsibility for looking after and making everyday decisions about a child.The parent children live with for most of the time will probably make most of the decisions about what happens to them,but both parents will remain responsible for them.The responsibility cannot be taken away from them,whatever happens.Separation&DivorceSeparation is the time when a couple are living apart but may not have decided to make this permanent.When a married couple decide to split up,a judge at court has to grant a divorce to end their marriage.Youth Cult StyleslTeddy boyslBeatslModslHippieslSkinheadslPunks Teddy BoyslWorking-class youth in late 1950slCharacteristics:lGroup-mindednesslOver-sensitivity to insultslDress and appearance:quiffs,drape jackets,velvet collars,pipe trousers,crepe-soled shoes and bootlace ties,flick knives and style with Elvis PresleyBeatslMiddle-class youth in late 1950slCharacteristics:lDisaffection with post-war societylRetreatism and disengagementlVoluntary choice of a life of poverty to protest against the technological and bureaucratic ordering and impersonality of social lifelRecovery of a lost humanismlJazz(The Beatles),poetry and marijuanalA philosophy of extreme pessimism about the future and the possibilities of progressModslMiddle-class youth in 1960slCharacteristics:lEngaged in semi-skilled manual works or basic white-collar jobslShort hair,smart well-cut suits,neat,narrow trousers and pointed shoes The WholDesire to abstract themselves from their social locationlReflection of the contradictions facing the working class between affluence and consumerism&the class-based inequalitiesHippieslMiddle-class youth in late 1960slCharacteristics:lDistrust in political establishment,criticism on inequality of societies,pursuit of social changelAim at revolutionising society through peaceful means To seek love rather than violence,to be able to express oneself freely without fear of social sanctionslLong hair;wearing clothes one or two sizes too big,colorful with pink,yellow and green;drug-related tattoo;real flowers;dark,big sunglasseslFree love and sex revolutionlContradictions:SkinheadslUnskilled working-class youth in early 1970slCharacteristics:ldress:big industrial boots and jeans rolled-up high to reveal themlAppearance:hair cut to the skulllActivities:often associated with violence and football hooliganismlResult of the relative worsening of the situation of the working-class through late 1960slFaithfulness to and emphasis on the traditional working-class values like collectivity,physical toughness and local rivalryPunkslWorking and middle class youth in mid-1970slCharacteristics:lResult of the fears of mass unemployment,fascism and high inflationlNihilism and seeing themselves as true outsiders the blank generationlTotal rejection of the past and formation of small independent record companieslA do-it-yourself culturelAnything cheap or trashy was worn for their irregularity,negation,attack on previous styles or lack of values.lBasic and direct music(Sex Pistols)“Love without marriage is like a bird of passage alighting upon the mast of a ship at sea.For my part,I prefer a fine green tree with its own roots,and room in its branches for a nest.”Jean Paul Richter(German novelist)Increase in DivorceDifferent sociological explanationslThe value of marriagelConflict between spouseslThe ease of divorcelWomen,paid employment and marital conflictlIncome and classlAgelMarital status of parentslBackground and role expectationslOccupations