固定平台、走道、楼梯与梯子的设计、施工与安装培训资料.docx

Australian Standard®
澳大利亚标准®

Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders — Design, construction and installation固定平台、走道、楼梯与梯子的设计、施工与安装
This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee SF/13, Platforms, Gangways, Stairways and Ladders. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 9 September 1992 and published on 16 November 1992.
本《澳大利亚标准》是由SF/13平台、通道、楼梯与梯子委员会编制的。1992年9月经澳大利亚标准委员会通过，1992年11月16日出版。

The following interests are represented on Committee SF/13:
SF/13委员会由以下单位参加：
Aluminium Development Council
铝业发展委员会
Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia
澳大利亚钢铁制造局
Confederation of Australian Industry
澳大利亚工业联合会
Department of Employment, Vocational Education, Training and Industrial Relations, Qld
昆士兰州就业、职业教育、培训与劳资关系部
Department of Labour and Industry, Tas.
塔斯马尼亚州劳工部
Master Builders
建筑商协会
Construction and Housing Association of Australia
澳大利亚建筑与住房协会
Pacific Power
太平洋电力公司
Public Works Department, N.S.W.
新南威尔士州公共工程部
Royal Australian Institute of Architects
皇家澳大利亚建筑师协会
Water Board, Sydney-Illawarra-Blue Mountains
水理事会，悉尼-伊拉瓦拉-蓝山流域
WorkCover Authority of New South Wales
新南威尔州工伤保险局

Review ofAustralian Standards. To keep abreast ofprogress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto.
澳大利亚标准的评审。为了保持标准与工业发展同步，澳大利亚标准需要定期进行评审并发布修订本，必要时出版新的版本以保持更新。因此，标准使用者使用的版本必须是最新版本，同时需要使用所有修正版本的内容。《澳大利亚标准》的评审：为了保持与工业进步接轨，《澳大利亚标准》接受定期评审，并通过发行修正内容或新版本（必要时）来保持最新。因此本标准的使用者可以确信其使用的是最新版本以及版本修正内容。

Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine ‘The Australian Standard’, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.
澳大利亚标准局出版的《标准目录》收集了所有澳大利亚标准的详细信息和相应出版物，此信息每月在杂志《澳大利亚标准》上进行补充说明，已订阅会员会收到此杂志，另外该杂志还会介绍新出版物、新版本和修订本以及废止标准的详细信息。
有关所有澳大利亚标准的详细信息和相关出版物可以参见“澳大利亚标准出版目录”；每月出版的《澳大利亚标准》会对上述信息做出补充。订阅此月刊的读者可从这本杂志中了解到新出版物、新版本和修正内容以及已撤销标准的详情。

Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards Australia, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.
我们欢迎提出有关改进澳大利亚标准方面的建议，欢迎写信到澳大利亚标准局。如发现澳大利亚标准存在任何不准确或含糊不清的内容，请及时告诉我们以便我们做出调查并采取适当措施。欢迎对《澳大利亚标准》提出的改进建议，可寄往澳大利亚标准局总公司。若发现《澳大利亚标准》中出现任何错误或含糊之处，请立即通知我们，以便我方调查问题并采取适当措施。

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 90065.
本《标准》作为DR 90065草案发布，以征求意见。

Australian Standard®
澳大利亚标准®

Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders — Design, construction and installation固定平台、走道、楼梯与梯子的设计、施工与安装

First published as AS CA10-1938.
首次刊印作为AS CA 10-1938
Second edition 1963. Third edition 1966. Fourth edition 1971
第二版1963年，第三版1966年，第四版1971年
. Revised and redesignated AS 1657-1974.
修订后并重新命名为AS 1657-1974
Second edition 1985. Third edition 1992.
第二版1985年，第三版1992年

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA (STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA) 1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
澳大利亚标准局（澳大利亚标准协会）出版
地址：1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140

PREFACE
序言

This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on Platforms, Gangways, Stairways and Ladders, to supersede AS 1657-1985.
本《标准》由平台、通道、楼梯和梯子澳大利亚标准委员会编制，取代AS 1657-1985标准。

Changes to the Standard include —
本《标准》做出的修改包括-
(a) reducing the minimum wall thickness of steel piping which may be used;
降低了可能使用的钢管的最小壁厚。
(b) incorporating a minimum tensile yield stress requirement for aluminium alloys;
加入对铝合金最小拉伸屈服应力的要求。
(c) deleting references to specific aluminium alloys and tempers;
删去对特殊特定铝合金及韧度调和物的介绍引述。
(d) updating the dimensions of steel sections other than piping, to reflect current manufacturing practices; and
根据现行有效的制造规范，更新除钢管道外的型钢尺寸，以求反映当前制造规范；以及
(e) provision of test methods to determine the integrity of guardrail systems, and the strength of the connection between guardrail posts and the supporting structure.
提供规定了测定护栏系统完整性以及护栏立柱与支撑结构之间接点连接强度的方法。

© Copyright STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
版权归澳大利亚标准局
Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia publications and software. Except where the Copyright Act allows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Australia may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia. Permission may be conditional on an appropriate royalty payment. Requests for permission and information on commercial software royalties should be directed to the head office of Standards Australia.
提醒使用《标准》的用户注意，澳大利亚标准局所有出版物和软件均受版权保护。除非《版权法》规定或满足以下条件外，在未获得澳大利亚标准局书面许可的前提下，任何人不得翻制澳大利亚标准局发行的出版物或软件，也不得以任何形式储存在检索系统中或经任何形式传播。许可可能附有一定条件或支付适量特约使用金。许可申请及商业软件版权相关信息请直接呈报至澳大利亚标准局总公司。

Standards Australia will permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia.
澳大利亚标准局允许本《标准》购买方可以复制标准中10%的技术内容以便内部使用，无需支付版权或告知标准局。

Standards Australia will also permit the inclusion of its copyright material in computer software programs for no royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs.
澳大利亚标准局还允许软件开发者将受版权保护的资料包含入电脑软件程序中，无需支付特约使用金，前提是此类软件专供开发者内部使用。

Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified.
应注意确保所用材料来自本《标准》最新版，且注意在本《标准》修正或修订时更新材料。因此已明确指出本《标准》的编号及日期。

The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia at any time.
通过复印形式或在商业软件程序（有偿或无偿）中火灾商业合同中使用本材料，均须支付版税 。澳大利亚标准局可随时更改此规定。

CONTENTS
目录
Page页码

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 第一章 范围和概述总则
1.1SCOPE 范围
4
1.2 APPLICATION 适用用途
4
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS参考文献
4
1.4DEFINITIONS 定义
5
SECTION 2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN, MATERIALS AND WELDING第二章 结构设计、原料与焊接

2.1DESIGN 设计
7
2.2 MATERIALS 原料
7
2.3 WELDING 焊接
8
SECTION 3 PLATFORMS, CONTINUOUS WALKWAYS, AND STEPS WITH LANDINGS第三章 平台、连续走道及带平台的阶梯

3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 一般要求
9
3.2 PROTECTION AT SIDES, ENDS, EDGES, AND OPENINGS 侧边、端部、边缘和开口处的防护. . . .
9
3.3DESIGN 设计
10
3.4 GUARDRAILING 护栏
10
SECTION 4 STAIRWAYS 第四章 楼梯

4.1 WIDTH AND ANGLE OF SLOPE 宽度和坡度
12
4.2FLIGHTS 梯段
12
4.3STAIRS 楼梯
12
4.4 LANDINGS 梯段平台
12
4.5 GUARDRAILING 护栏
12
4.6 HANDRAILING 扶手
12
SECTION 5 FIXED LADDERS 第五章 固定梯子

5.1CLEARANCES 间距
15
5.2 ACCESS THROUGH HORIZONTAL OPENINGS 通过水平开口进入
15
5.3 LADDER LANDINGS 梯段平台
15
5.4 GUARDRAILING 护栏
15
5.5STEP LADDERS 踏板式梯子
17
5.6 RUNG LADDERS踏棍式梯子

17
5.7 INDIVIDUAL-RUNG LADDERS (STEP-IRONS)梯级固定的梯子（阶梯脚踏）
21
APPENDICES 附录

A TYPICAL COMPONENT DIMENSIONS AND SPACINGS FOR GUARDRAILING 常见元件规格常见构件尺寸和护栏间距
26
B TESTING OF GUARDRAIL POSTS 护栏立柱试验
28
C TESTING OF GUARDRAILS 护栏试验
29

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
澳大利亚标准局
Australian Standard
澳大利亚标准
Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways, and ladders —
Design, construction and installation
固定平台、走道、楼梯和梯子的设计、施工与安装

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
第一章 范围与概述总则

1.1 SCOPE This Standard sets out requirements for the design, construction, and installation of fixed platforms, walkways, stairways, and ladders which are intended to provide means of safe access to and safe working at places normally used by operating, inspection, maintenance, and servicing personnel.
范围。本《标准》规定了固定平台、走道、楼梯和梯子的设计、施工和安装的要求。这些设施旨在为操作、检查、维修和服务人员提供安全进入工作场所并在其中安全工作的方式。
The Standard does not apply to situations where special provision is made in appropriate building or other regulations, e.g. means of escape from fire. Requirements for portable ladders are not included in this Standard.
本《标准》不适用于已对于为相应建筑物已提供了特殊设备或做出其他规定的情况，比如火灾逃生方式。本《标准》也不包含对便携式梯子的要求。
1.2 APPLICATION The design, construction, and installation of a platform, walkway, stairway, or ladder shall comply with the appropriate requirements of Section 2 and the specific requirements for the type of structure, as follows:
适用用途。平台、走道、楼梯或梯子的设计、施工和安装必须符合第二章相关规定以及以下对结构类型的特定要求：
(a) Platforms and walkways: Section 3.
平台和走道：第三章
(b) Stairways: Section 4.
楼梯：第四章
(c) Fixed ladders: Section 5.
固定梯子：第五章
The application of the relevant Sections and the limits of slope are illustrated in Figure 1.1.
相关各章的适用范围以及对坡度的限定极限见表1.1。
Where it is not reasonably practicable to meet the full requirements of this Standard, advice should be sought from the regulatory authority.
若现实中无法满足本《标准》全部要求不合理可行，则应向管理机构寻求意见。
NOTES:
注释：注：
1 Some structures and vehicles will be unable to comply with all the requirements of this Standard. Special structures include radio masts, towers, portable on farm light-weight silos, and the like. Vehicles include road tankers, waste disposal trucks, and the like.
一些结构和车辆无法满足本《标准》所有要求。特殊结构包括天线杆、塔、以及农场便携式轻质筒仓等类似结构。车辆包括油罐车公路罐车、垃圾车及类似车辆。
2 Structures and vehicles which are unable to comply with all the requirements of this Standard should comply with the relevant design Codes for loading.
不能满足本《标准》所有要求的结构和车辆应符合相关的荷载规范设计。
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this Standard:
参考文献。本《标准》参考文献如下：
AS
澳大利亚标准
1170 SAA Loading Code
SAA荷载规范
1170.1 Part 1: Dead and live loads and load combinations
第1部分：静荷载和活荷载以及组合荷载
1170.2 Part 2: Wind loads
第2部分：风力载荷荷载
1192 Electroplated coatings — Nickel and chromium
静电涂层-镍与铬
1538 SAA Cold-formed Steel Structures Code
SAA 冷成型钢规范
1554 SAA Structural Steel Welding Code
SAA 钢材焊接规范
1554.1 Part 1: Welding of steel structures
第1部分 钢材钢结构的焊接
1604 Preservative treatment for sawn timber, veneer and plywood
锯材、饰面和胶合板的防腐处理
1650 Hot-dipped galvanized coatings on ferrous articles
铁制品的热浸镀锌层
1664 SAA Aluminium Structures Code
SAA 铝结构规范
1665 SAA Aluminium Welding Code
SAA 铝焊接规范
1720 SAA Timber Structures Code
SAA 木结构规范
1720.1 Part 1: Design methods
第1部分 设计方法
1734 Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Flat sheet, coiled sheet and plate
铝和铝合金-平板薄板、带状薄板卷板和盘和钢板
1782 Flooring milled from Australian-grown conifers (softwoods) (excluding radiata pine and cypress pine)
由澳洲松树（软木材，除了辐射松和柏木）制成的地板。
1789 Electroplated coatings — Zinc on iron or steel
静电涂层电镀层-铁或钢上涂镀锌
1790 Electroplated coatings — Cadmium on iron or steel
电镀层静电涂层-铁或钢上镀涂镉
1810 Flooring milled from cypress pine
柏木地板
1866 Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Extruded rod, bar, solid and hollow shapes
铝和铝合金-挤压棒材、条材，固体和中空型
1892 Portable ladders
便携式梯子
1892.2 Part 2: Timber
第2部分：木材
2105 Inorganic zinc silicate paint
无机硅酸锌涂料
2269 Structural plywood
结构胶合板
2796 Timber — Seasoned hardwood — Milled products
木材-－经干硬木-－研磨磨碎制品
3600 Concrete structures
混凝土结构
3700 SAA Masonry Code
SAA 砌石规范
3990(Int) Steelwork for engineering applications
工程用钢架
4024 Safeguarding of machinery
机器的防护
4024.1 (Int) Part 1: General principles
第1部分：总则
4100 Steel structures
钢结构
1：2
1：2.7
1：8
踏板式梯子
踏辊式梯子
非安全区
带平台的阶梯
楼梯
带盖子或栅格的走道
走道
第五章
第三章
第四章

表1.1 坡度限制极限
1.4 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply.
定义。为达本《标准》采用之目的，下列定义适用：
1.4.1 Accepted — accepted by the authority having jurisdiction.
公认-－获得权力机构认可。
1.4.2 Floor — the surface of a platform, walkway, or landing.
地板-－平台、走道或梯段平台的表面。
1.4.3 Going — in a stair, the horizontal distance from the nosing of one tread to the nosing of the next tread.
级距-－相邻踏板的突沿之间的水平距离。
1.4.4 Guardrailing — a structure to prevent persons from falling off any platform, walkway or landing.
护栏-－防止人员从平台、走道或梯段平台上跌落的结构。
1.4.5 Handrail — a rail to provide handhold on a platform, walkway, stairway, or step ladder. It may form part of a guardrailing.
扶手-－平台、走道、楼梯或踏板式梯子上供人抓握的围栏，可为护栏的一部分。
1.4.6 Individual-rung ladder — a ladder without stiles, each rung of which is individually attached to a structure or equipment.
梯级固定的梯子-－没有梯框的梯子，每一级踏棍分别固定在结构或设备上。
1.4.7 Ladder — a structure with treads or rungs, with or without stiles and handrails.
梯子-－带有踏板或踏辊的结构，不管有没有梯框和扶手。
1.4.8 Ladder cage — a fixed enclosure which encircles the climbing space of a ladder.
梯笼-－环绕梯子攀登空间的固定围笼。
1.4.9 Landing — a level area used to provide access to a stairway or ladder, or located at an intermediate level in a system of stairways or ladders.
梯段平台-－楼梯或梯子入口的水平面，或位于为一套楼梯或梯子系统的中介平面中间高度层上。
1.4.10 Nosing — the rounded edge of the tread projecting over the riser.
突沿—－突出于楼梯竖板的踏板的圆形边缘。
1.4.11 Pipe — a tubular product made as a production item for sale. It may be round, oval, square, or rectangular in section.
管-－一类管材，作为产品生产出售，截面可为圆形、椭圆、方形或矩形。
NOTE: For the purpose of this Standard, the word ‘pipe’ is synonymous with ‘tube’ or structural hollow section (circular, square, or rectangular) although these words are used for different types of products by different industries.
注释：注：为达到本《标准》的目的中，““管””一词与““管子””或“管节”结构空心型钢（圆形、方形或矩形）同义。不过但这些术语在不同行业中用于内指的是不同类型的产品。
1.4.12 Platform — an area provided for access or working, which is elevated above the surrounding floor or level.
平台-－用于通行或工作的区域，高于周围地板或平面。
1.4.13 Reasonably practicable — practicable having regard to —
适度可行—是否可行与以下情况有关—
(a) the severity of the hazard or risk in question;
可疑的危害或风险的严重性
(b) the state of knowledge about that hazard or risk, and any ways of removing or mitigating that hazard or risk;
对于此类危害或风险的了解程度，以及消除或减轻危险或风险的方式的了解程度；
(c) the availability and suitability of ways to remove or mitigate that hazard or risk; and
消除或减轻危险或风险的方法的有效性和适当性；以及
(d