英美文学本琼森.pptx

Calumniesareansweredbestwithsilence.-BenJonson沉默是对诽谤的最有力回击。沉默是对诽谤的最有力回击。-本本琼森琼森The introductionLife Literature and appreciationInfluence and achievementOther informationBen Jonson(1572 1637)British playwright,poet,critic.Born in London of a priestly family,his father died in prison.His mother then moved him to Westminster,where she married a bricklayer.He attended a free parish school as a boy,and thanks to the sponsorship of the headmaster,was able to attend Westminster School.(威斯敏斯特大学)Unfortunately,Ben lost his scholarship was forced to take up bricklaying alongside his stepfather.This occupation did not appeal to him,and he left for military duty in Flanders and did not return to England until 1592.He married in 1594.Ben Jonson and another playwright then wrote a play called Isle of Dogs which was immediately banned on charges of sedition,and he and his friends found themselves in Fleet Prison.He was released after a few months and managed to restart his acting career.In December of 1598 he fought a duel with another actor named Gabriel Spencer;fortunately for Ben,he won,but unfortunately,he was imprisoned on charges of murder and given the death sentence.He managed to escape the gallows and returned to playwriting.He died in 1637 and was buried in Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特教堂);his epitaph reads:Oh Rare Ben Jonson!The introduction of university of Westminster 校训：Educating for professional life 校长：Lord Paul 建校时间:1838年 学校位置:London,England 威斯敏斯特大学创立于1838年，为海外学生传授教育已有150多年的历史。学校现有25,000多名学生，为英国最大的大学之一。其传媒专业英国居前三位，语言学院的课程更是在英国无出其右，是英国外交部官员唯一定点培训学校。Ben Jonson，an English Renaissance dramatist,poet and actor.His works are known for satire,福尔蓬奈(Volpone)又名狐狸 and 炼金士(The Alchemist)as its representative,and his lyrics are very well known.He is a British poet,playwright.His major collection of poems with maxim Poems and forest set,bush and so scholars have been studying the ancient history Kanmu Deng,and in its funding to the Westminster school,was on the Greek and Roman literature the rich knowledge.Then read,became one of the most learned of the playwright.福尔蓬奈又名狐狸，是本琼森的代表作品，戏剧情节围绕人物为满足各自贪欲，挖空心思施展骗术展开。剧中的隐瞒艺术可分为两个层面表层隐瞒和深层隐瞒。此剧以讽刺当时伦敦社会“金钱至上”的唯金主义为主题，揭露和批判了由此引发的各种社会畸形，主要反映詹姆士一世时代伦敦刚刚崛起的商人阶层的狡诈和贪婪，但琼森却选择意大利的威尼斯作为戏剧古代事件背景。福尔蓬奈这只闻名于世的狐狸，是一个富有却老谋深算的威尼斯人，他没有妻子、家里，甚至没有同事，所以没法将他的巨大财富遗赠给谁；在意识到困扰着他的贪婪后，他和他的食客莫斯卡决定痛改前非。他装出染上了一整套威胁生命的疾病，鼓励众多的无赖为得宠于福尔蓬奈并得到他的财富而竞争。在本琼森剧情尖锐化的喜剧中，经过剧中商人、地方官员，有头衔的阔夫人及年长的绅士们的活动展开了受奖和笨蛋们的闹剧等一整套情节，该剧还从各个角度指向了我们兽性的情感并展示了反复无常的。OtherworksSongtoCeliaBenJonsonDrinktome,onlywiththineeyes，AndIwillpledgewithmine；Orleaveakissbutinthecup，AndIlenotlookforwine.Thethirst.thatfromthesouldothrise，Dothaskadrinkdivine：ButmightIofJovesNectarsup，Iwouldnotchangeforthine.Isenttheelate,arosywreath，Notsomuchhonoringthee，Asgivingitahope，thatthereItcouldnotwitheredbee.Butthouthereondidntonlybreath，Andsenttitbacktome：Sincewhenitgrows，andsmells，Iswear，Notofitself，butthee.致西丽雅致西丽雅你就只用你的眼睛来给我干杯，你就只用你的眼睛来给我干杯，我就用我的眼睛来相酬；我就用我的眼睛来相酬；或者就留下一个亲吻在杯边上或者就留下一个亲吻在杯边上我就不会向杯里找酒。我就不会向杯里找酒。从灵魂深处张开起来的渴嘴从灵魂深处张开起来的渴嘴着实想喝到美妙的一口；着实想喝到美妙的一口；可是哪怕由我尝天帝的琼浆，可是哪怕由我尝天帝的琼浆，要我换也不甘把你的放手。要我换也不甘把你的放手。我新近给你送上了一束玫魂花，我新近给你送上了一束玫魂花，与其说诚心拿来孝敬你与其说诚心拿来孝敬你不如说让它们有希望得到熏陶，不如说让它们有希望得到熏陶，不会得枯搞以至于委地；不会得枯搞以至于委地；可是你只在花上呼吸了一下，可是你只在花上呼吸了一下，把它们送回到我的手里；把它们送回到我的手里；从此它们就开得叫我闻得到从此它们就开得叫我闻得到（不是它们自己而是）你。（不是它们自己而是）你。Most conspicuous in his dramas is his realism,often,as we have said,extremely coarse,and a direct reflection of his intellect,which was as strongly masculine as his body and altogether lacking,where the regular drama was concerned,in fineness of sentiment or poetic feeling.He early assumed an attitude of pronounced opposition to the Elizabethan romantic plays,which seemed to him not only lawless in artistic structure but unreal and trifling in atmosphere and substance.本本琼森琼森（Ben Jonson，15721637年）是当时最早的学术派剧作家。琼森的写作风格深受罗马戏剧“三一律”经典结构的影响，强调时间、地点和行为的统一。尽管琼森写了几个悲剧，如西亚努斯的覆灭（1603年）和卡塔林的阴谋（1611年），但最出名的还是他的讽刺喜剧。琼森写了许多部喜剧，与莎士比亚不同，很少有浪漫田园色彩（悲哀的牧人属于田园剧类型，题材类似假面剧），绝大部分属于社会讽刺性质，以伦敦市民和宫廷生活为背景，多按古典主义原则写作，人物和情节对17、18世纪英国喜剧很有影响。琼森还写了大量的供宫廷娱乐的作品，形式和内容都是投王室贵族所好。作为抒情诗人，最脍炙人口的是一些短歌，如致希丽亚。他在莎士比亚戏剧全集(1623)前面的序诗中，对莎士比亚作了公允的评价，至今还被评论家引用。他的有关文学创作的意见可以追溯到亚里士多德、贺拉斯等古典作家。他主张文学应当符合“自然”，符合“生活”，“酷似真实”。他引古人的话说:“没有艺术加工的自然决不会完美，缺少自然的艺术不可能存在。”他赞成作品风格要明快、准确、优美，反对马洛帖木儿式的浪漫夸张风格。这些主张成为17、18世纪英国新古典主义的创作准则。自从詹姆斯一世封他为“英国桂冠诗人”以后，他的画像就被挂在英国一家酒吧的门口，至今还在。Jonson and Shakespeare In 1598,Jonson wrote what is considered his first great play,Every Man in His Humor.In a 1616 production,William Shakespeare acted in one of the lead roles.Shortly after the play opened,Jonson killed Gabriel Spencer in a duel and was tried for murder.His was released by pleading benefit of clergy(i.e.,by proving he could read and write in Latin,he was allowed to face a more lenient court).He spent only a few weeks in prison,but shortly after his release he was again arrested for failing to pay an actor.莎士比亚不属于一个时代，莎士比亚不属于一个时代，而属于一切时代。而属于一切时代。_本本.琼森琼森B080307侯晓楠侯晓楠WilliamShakespeare(1564-1623)an English poet and playwright,widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the worlds pre-eminent dramatist.He is often called Englands national poet and the Bard of Avon.His surviving works,including some collaborations,consist of about 38 plays,154 sonnets,two long narrative poems,and several other poems.His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.RareBen.JonsonSERGJHF612