牛津高中英语模块5-Unit3-重点词汇讲解.doc

词语点击Reading Adopt例题 单项填空。1. The new tax would force companies to _ energy-saving measures.A. adopt B. carry C. adapt D. accept2 The old couple decided to _ a boy and a girl though they had three of their own.A. adapt B. bring C. receive D. adopt3. Our eyes slowly _ to the dark.A. adopted B. adapted C. fitted D. matched讲解 adopt主要有“收养”、“采用”两个意思。如：She adopted a child whose parents were dead. 她收养了一个父母双亡的孩子。 The government decided to adopt the plan. 政府决定采纳这个计划。 We adopted several measures to deal with the disease. 我们采取了一些措施来对付这种疾病。 联想 adopt的名词是adoption，其过去分词adopted可以单独用作形容词，表示“领养的，采纳的”。如：He was pleased by the adoption of a little girl. 他对收养了一个小女孩感到高兴。He is their adopted son.他是他们的养子。the adoption of new technology 新技术的采用拓展 adopt和adapt的区别：adopt意思是“采纳”、“收养”；adapt意思是“改编”、“使适应”。通过以上讲解可知上面的例题答案为：1. A； 2. D； 3. B。练习 用adopt或adapt的适当形式完成句子。1. Our school _ a new teaching method lately. 2. They are not my real parents; I am _.3. He tried hard to _ himself to the new conditions.4. Since the _ of the new working method, production has gone up.1. has adopted / adopted 2. adopted 3. adapt 4. adoptionGrammar词语点击alternative可用作名词和形容词。 作名词，意为“可供选择的事物、选择余地”，是可数名词。如：They had no alternative in the matter. 在这件事上,他们没有选择的余地。Thats the only alternative.那是惟一的选择。 作形容词，意为“可供选择的/替代的”。如：Please find alternative means of transport. 请找别的运输方法。Do you have an alternative solution to the problem? 你有别的办法来解决这个问题？拓展 比较alternative, choose和select：alternative作名词或形容词，多指两者之间的选择，有“非此即彼”之意；choose 是动词（其名词形式是choice），适用范围最广，可与from或between连用。它一般指主观上的选择，有最终选定的含义；select用作动词，多用于正式场合，指仔细地、审慎地精选，强调客观性，所挑选的对象一般是相同种类的。field的主要意思有“田地，牧场；场地，领域”等。如：Many farmers are working in the fields.许多农民在田里干活。They rode through forests and fields.他们骑马穿过森林和原野。A football field is one hundred yards long. 足球场有一百码长。He has become very famous in his own field. 他在自己的领域里已经非常有名了。 field前的介词：在field前通常用介词in或into，但在sports field和battle field前常用on。如：Dont walk in the tomato field. 不要在番茄地里走。Why do you want to go into this field again? 你为何还想进入这个领域？He was killed on the battle field. 他在战场上丧生。 field的数：field作“田地”讲时通常用复数形式，除非仅指一块田地。如：The fields are all white when it snows. 下雪的时候大地全白了。involve v. 包含，需要；牵涉，牵连；参加，加入。后面常接名词和V-ing形式。如：This lesson involves a lot of work. 这一课需要做的工作有很多。The test will involve answering questions about a photograph.考试将包括回答一些关于一张照片的问题。Dont involve other people in your trouble. 别把别人牵涉进你的麻烦中去。He was involved in a boring discussion. 他卷入了无聊的讨论中。联想 involved adj. 被涉及的，有关联的involvement n. 卷入，参与，加入拓展 get / be / become involved in 被卷入；包含在；与有关，专心地做involve sb in sth. / in doing sth. 使参与be involved with 与有牵连，与有关projectFavour例题 单项填空。1. May I ask a favour _ you?A. of B. forC. to D. on2. The decision was _ his favour.A. of B. forC. in D. to3. Could you do me _ favour and help me carry that heavy suitcase?A. a B. theC. / D. an4. I was _ him. In other words, I agreed with what he had just said.A. in favour ofB. in honor ofC. in face of D. in point of讲解 favour可作名词和动词。 作名词意为“帮助，恩惠；赞同，支持；偏袒，偏爱”等。如：Could you do me a favour and pick up Tom from school tomorrow?明天你能帮我个忙去学校接汤姆吗？The suggestion of closing the factory has found favour with many local people.关闭这个工厂的建议已经得到许多当地人的支持。As a mother, she showed no favour to any child.作为母亲，她没有偏袒任何一个孩子。 作动词意为“较喜欢，选择；优惠，特别照顾，偏袒；有助于，有利于”。如：Our teacher favours Mary. 我们的老师偏爱玛丽。Fortune favours the brave. 幸运眷顾勇者。 The warm climate favours many types of tropical plants. 温暖的气候对多种热带植物有利。 拓展 in favour (of sth. / sb. ) 支持，赞同in sb.s favour 对某人有利ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮个忙do sb. a favour帮某人一个忙通过以上讲解可知上面例题的答案为：1-4 ACAA。联想 favourable adj. 有利的；给人印象好的；赞同的，支持的；优惠的favourite adj. 特别受喜爱的 n. 特别喜爱的人或事；得到偏爱的人练习 用favour的适当形式翻译下列各句。1. 你偏爱哪个颜色? 2. 学生赞成改革。3. 他将这视为极大的恩惠。4. 谁是你特别喜欢的作家？favour1. Which colour do you favour? / What is your favourite colour? 2. The students were in favour of reform. 3. He regards this as a very favour.4. Who is your favourite writer?majority是名词，意思是“大多数”，“大部分”，“多数票”等。如：The majority were / was against the plan. 多数人不赞成这个计划。The resolution was passed by a large majority. 这个决议以多数票通过。 拓展1. 一般可以说: the majority of the books / eggs / people 等, 不可以说：the majority of the milk / land / time等；2. majority作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数；若强调团体中的个体，谓语动词用复数；majority构成的the majority of短语后面可以接单数或复数名词，其谓语与该名词的数保持一致。如：The majority of criminals are young people. 大部分的罪犯是年轻人。3. the majority of与a majority of的区别：the majority of sb. / sth.指多数人/物，大部分人/物。如：the majority of the woman / people。a majority of指(投票时的)多数。如：The party I support has won by a majority of 264 votes (投票). / The bill (议案) was carried by a majority of 34 (301 to 267). 联想1. majority的反义词是minority (n. 少数)；2. major可作形容词、名词和动词，意为“主要的，重要的，大的(adj.)”；“主修课程，专业课(n.)”；“主修(v.)”；3. majority与most比较：majority一般修饰可数名词，most修饰可数和不可数均可。Most（ The majority of） students are not interested in mathsUrge例题 单项填空。They urged that the Science Museum _ open during the vacation.A. was kept B. were kept C. be kept D. will be kept讲解 urge可用作名词和及物动词。 作名词时，意为“迫切的要求，强烈的欲望、冲动”等，常与不定冠词an连用，常用搭配为have / feel an urge to do sth.，表示“很想做某事”。如：I was afraid of the boy and I had an urge to run away from him. 我害怕那个男孩，很想跑开。 He has an urge to become a lawyer. 他很想成为一名律师。 作及物动词时，意为“要求；敦促，催促，力劝”等，后跟带不定式的复合结构、名词或that从句等。注意that从句中要用“should + 动词原形”结构。如：The people in that country urged freedom. 那个国家的人民要求自由。He urged me to join their company. 他敦促我尽快加入他们公司。My friends urged that I (should) apply for the job. 朋友们力劝我申请那份工作。通过以上讲解可知，上面例题的正确答案为C。拓展 urge for 要求做出urge on 督促工作，促使加劲干urge to 促使采取练习 翻译下列各句。1. 暑假快要到了，我很想外出旅行。2. 他极力劝我上大学。3. 她督促她的学生努力学习。4. 他们要求他陈述他的观点。urge1. Summer holiday is coming and I have an urge to travel.2. He urged that I (should) go to college. 3. She urged her students to work hard. 4. They urged him for a statement of his views.