虚拟语气 (2).doc

虚拟语气
虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
一、if从句：
（一）
表示与事实情况相反
条件从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
表示现在情况
过去式(did)(be常用 were)
would / could / might / should + do
表示过去情况
过去完成式(had +done)
would / could / might / should +have done
表示将来情况
①过去式 (did)/(were)
②should + do
③were to do
would / could / might / should + do
（二）错综时间的虚拟句：通常情况下,在条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间一致, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，其动词形式要根据时间而定。
1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。
2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。
3. If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
（从句指过去，主句指现在）。
4. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。
5. If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （从句指现在，主句指将来）  
（三）省略：If 从句中含有were, should, had时，可省略if并把were, should, had提前。
例如：Were I you, I wouldn’t quarrel with him.
二、wish, as if/ though, if only的从句： 过去式(did)(be常用 were) (表示与现在事实情况相反)
过去完成式(had done) (表示与过去事实情况相反)
would / could / might + do(表示与将来事实情况相反)
例如：If only he had visited us yesterday.
三、（should）do （should可以省略）形式的虚拟：宾语、表语、同位语都要求虚拟
（一）一坚持（insist） 一推荐（recommend）
三命令 (order, command, direct) 三建议 (suggest, advice, propose)
五要求（demand, require, request, urge, ask）
注意： insist:①坚决宣称, 坚持认为，坚持说，固执己见（不虚拟）②坚决要求，坚持（虚拟）
suggest：①暗示（不虚拟）②建议, 提议（虚拟）
1. The man insisted that he didn’t steal the wallet and should be set free now.
2. Her pale face suggested that she was badly ill, so I suggested that she should go to see a doctor at once.
3. My suggestion is that he should go there at once.
4. It is suggested that he should go there at once.
5. I made a suggestion that he should go there at once.
6. This is the suggestion that/ which he made at the meeting.（定语从句不用虚拟）
（二） It is adj. for sb. that 主语+(should) do. （也可不虚拟）
It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder that主语+(should) do. （也可不虚拟）
例如：1. It is necessary that he should be sent to the hospital at once.
2. It is a pity that he should miss such a golden chance.
四、It is (high) time that 虚拟） 过去式
should do(should不能省略)
It is time that we got up.
should get up.
五、without, but for…, 主语+ would / could / might / should +have done。（如果不…；要不是…）
But for your help yesterday, I couldn’t have done it well.
六、 but: 主语+ would / could / might / should +have done, but+句子.（真实的）
otherwise:句子（真实的），otherwise主语+ would / could / might / should +have done.
例：I would have taken part in the sports meeting, but I was ill.
I was ill; otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
七、would rather do than do
+句子（虚拟） 过去式(did)(be常用 were) 表示与现在或将来情况相反
过去完成式(had +done) 表示与过去情况相反
八、Long live +主语！ 例：Long live the people!
May you do sth.! 例：May you succeed!
九、had+ expected/wanted/intended/planned/hoped/wished/thought/dreamed等表个人意志、打算、想法的动词的过去分词，表示“本来要做某事（暗含但是后来没有做成的）”。其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。
例：I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.