10544002耿直硕士论文摘要.doc

硕士研究生学位论文

题目：
被字句动词组研究

姓 名： 耿直
学 号： 10544002
院 系： 对外汉语教育学院
专 业： 汉语言文字学
研究方向： 对外汉语教学
导师姓名： 李晓琪 教授

二00八 年 五 月

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摘要

本文在对外汉语教学语法研究的视角下，以情状类型理论为基础，从动词的时间特征分类出发，描写了被字句中的谓语动词对其后连带的定界成分的选择性，概括了被字句动词组的语义特征，分析了被字句谓语动词与其连带的定界成分的选取关系，论述了被字句动词组应具有表达与[+终结性]密切相关的语义特征以及此语义特征的实现制约着被字句动词组中的动词和其后的定界成分的互选的基本认识，并提出了用于衡量不同动词进入被字句时对定界成分需求强弱的“定界度”的概念。最后本文也在被字句动词组研究的基础上，讨论了教学语法要和语义、词汇相结合的研究思路，对被字句的教学提出了若干建议。
本文第一章讨论了选题意义并界定了研究对象，明确了被字句动词组的概念。第二章对被字句研究、被字句动词组研究以及情状类型和动词时间特征分类理论进行了综述，为本文的研究提供了理论依据。第三章在前两章的基础确定了本研究的理论基础，提出了理论假设并确定了研究步骤和研究方法。第四章对本文研究的理论前提进行了中介语语料验证，对本文的理论假设进行了初步的母语语料验证，对语料分析的原则和方法进行了讨论，该章是全文的探索性研究。第五章则进一步利用较大规模的汉语语料对被字句动词组的句法结构和语义特征进行了较为详细的分析，该章是全文的重点。第六章则在第四章和第五章研究的基础上对被字句动词组的研究进行了总结，分析了研究中发现的一些具体问题。第七章讨论了被字句动词组研究的一些理论思考并对被字句的教学提出了教学建议。
本文的研究发现，[+终结性]是被字句动词组的一项关键的语义特征而此语义的实现制约着动词组的动词板块和定界成分板块的配合，终结性语义越强的动词对定界成分的需求程度越弱，终结性越弱的动词对定界成分的需求程度越强。该规律可以解释诸如光杆动词可以有条件地进入被字句、状态动词很难进入被字句等问题。这项结论也启发我们以动词为突破点、以动词组为重点来进行被字句的教学。

关键词：被字句动词组 情状类型 终结性 定界成分 定界度
STUDY ON VERB PHRASE IN BEI-SENTENCE

Writeen by Geng Zhi, Majored in TCSL, Directed by Pro. Li Xiaoqi
Abstract
In the perspective of grammar research for teaching Chinese as a foreign language，this thesis, which is based on the situation type theory, starting from the aktionsart classification of verbs, studies the following issues. It (a)depicts the choices of delimiting element which follows the predicate verb in Bei-sentence; (b)summarizes the semantic features of verb phrase in Bei-sentence; (c)analyses the selective relationship between the predicate verb in Bei-sentence and its delimiting elements; (d) elaborates the following basic notion: verb phrase in Bei-sentences is required to possess a semantic feature that is closely related to [+finality] and the realization of this feature restricts the verb of verb phrase in Bei-sentence as well as the mutual choice of the verb and its delimiting elements; (e) advances the concept of “degree of delimitation”, which is supposed to be a standard of judging the need for delimitation elements of different verbs when enter into Bei-sentence. Furthermore, this thesis discusses the research method of integrating teaching grammar with semantics and vocabulary. At last, it gives suggestions on the teaching of Bei-sentence.
THIS THESIS STARTS WITH A DISCUSSION OF THE VALUE OF THIS STUDY IN THE FIRST CHAPTER WHERE A DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF VERB PHASE IN BEI-SENTENCE AS THE OBJECT OF THIS RESEARCH IS ALSO MADE. THE SECOND CHAPTER REVIEWS PREVIOUS STUDIES ON BEI-SENTENCE, VERB PHASE OF BEI-SENTENCE, SITUATION TYPE THEORY AND AKTIONSART CLASSIFICATION OF VERBS, PROVIDING THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THIS STUDY. BASED ON THE FIRST TWO CHAPTERS, THE THIRD CHAPTER ESTABLISHES THE THEORETICAL HYPOTHESIS ACCOMPANIED WITH RESEARCH PROCEDURES AND METHODS FOR THIS STUDY. THE FOURTH CHAPTER, AS AN EXPLORATORY STUDY, VALIDATES THIS THESIS’S THEORETICAL FOUNDATION WITH INTERLANGUAGE CORPUS AS WELL AS ITS THEORETICAL HYPOTHESIS WITH NATIVE SPEAKER LANGUAGE CORPUS AND DISCUSSES THE PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF CORPUS ANALYSIS. THE FIFTH CHAPTER FOCUSES ON THE DETAILED ANALYSIS ON THE GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF VERB PHRASE IN BEI-SENTENCE WITH LARGE-SCALE NATIVE SPEAKER LANGUAGE CORPUS. THE SIXTH CHAPTER CONCLUDES THE RESEARCH OF VERB PHRASE IN BEI-SENTENCE AND ANALYSES SEVERAL CONCRETE ISSUES FOUNDED IN THE STUDY. THE SEVENTH CHAPTER RAISES SOME THEORETICAL DISCUSSIONS INITIATED BY STUDY ON VERB PHRASE IN BEI-SENTENCE AND PROVIDES SUGGESTIONS ON THE TEACHING OF BEI-SENTENCE.

This study finds that [+finality] is a crucial semantic feature of Verb Phrase in Bei-sentence and its realization restricts the combination of verb part with its delimiting elements part in Verb phrase of Bei-sentence. The need for delimiting elements for verb that is of higher finality is lesser. This rule could account for questions such as a single verb could enter into Bei-sentence under certain conditions while state verb is difficult to enter into Bei-sentence. This conclusion also suggests that the breakthrough and key point in teaching Bei-sentence could be putted on its verb and verb phrase parts.
KE Y WORDS: VERB PHRASE IN BEI-SENTENCE SITUATION TYPE FINALITY DELIMITING ELEMENT DEGREE OF DELIMITATION
目录
一：研究对象与选题意义 8
1.1研究对象 8
1.1.1从被动表述到被字句 8
1.1.2从被字句到被字句动词组 8
1.1.3被字句动词组的界定 8
1.2 选题意义 10
1.2.1语法本体研究 10
1.2.2教学语法建设 11
1.2.3习得研究互动 12
二：文献综述 12
2.1被字句研究概述 12
2.1.1被字句的语法意义 13
2.1.2被字句的语义色彩 13
2.1.3“被”字的归属 14
2.1.4被字句句型格式 15
2.2被字句动词组研究综述 17
2.2.1二语习得学者的研究 17
2.2.2汉语语法学者的研究 20
2.3情状类型和动词时间特征分类研究评述 22
2.3.1概念和术语 22
2.3.2 关于情状类型的研究 23
2.3.3 关于动词时间特征分类的研究 25
三：本文的理论基础及研究目标、步骤和方法 27
3.1 本文的理论基础 27
3.1.1 动词分类系统 28
3.1.2定界成分分类系统 29
3.1.3理论假设 30
3.2本文的研究目标、步骤和方法 31
四：探索性研究 32
4.1中介语语料探索 32
4.1.1语料选取说明 32
4.1.2语料分析结果 32
4.1.3对结果的解释 32
4.2母语语料探索 33
4.2.1语料选取说明 33
4.2.2语料分析结果 33
4.2.3对结果的解释 34
4.2.3.1关于动词组的动词类型 34
4.2.3.2关于动词组的定界成分 34
4.2.3.3关于动词组的动词和定界成分的搭配 35
4.2.4语料分析的原则和方法 35
五：母语语料分析 37
5.1 语料选取说明 37
5.2 语料分析结果 38
5.3 对结果的解释 38
5.3.1动词类型的分布 38
5.3.1.1 状态动词分析 39
5.3.1.2 光杆动词分析 40
5.3.1.3 包含结果类动词分析 41
5.3.1.3 指向结果类动词分析 42
5.3.1.4 动作动词分析 42
5.3.2 定界成分类型的分布 42
5.3.2.1简单定界成分的分布 44
5.3.2.2复杂定界成分的分布 45
5.3.3 动词和定界成分的搭配情况 46
5.3.3.1 动作动词与定界成分的搭配 48
5.3.3.2 指向结果类动词与定界成分的搭配 49
5.3.3.2 包含结果类动词与定界成分的搭配 50
六：被字句动词组研究总结 51
6.1 基于语料分析的结果 51
6.2 动词组的两大板块 52
6.3 定界成分板块 53
6.4 动词板块 56

七：理论思考及教学建议 59
7.1 语言习得研究 59
7.2 语言学研究 61
7.3 语言教学 62
7.4 教学建议 65
7.5 结语 67
参考文献 69
附录 73