2024年自考英语二题型串讲及解析.doc

课程简介一、课程的基本内容本课程在完成英语（一）课程内容基础上，培养学生掌握系统的英语语言知识，包括正确的英语语音知识、系统的英语语法知识和一定的词汇量(4500)，并熟悉英语语言的体现方式。二、命题英语（二）命题按照标准化测试要求设计。命题的广度和难度依据本大纲要求的知识范围和能力要求确定。部分命题素材取自英语（二）自学教程。统考以阅读和写作为主，听、说不做统考要求。考试题包括客观性试题和主观性试题，分别占卷面总分的55%和45%。试卷由七部分组成，包括：阅读判断、阅读选择、概括段落大意和补全句子、填句补文、填词补文、完形补文以及短文写作。现对试卷内容及结构分别阐明如下：第一部分 阅读判断该部分要求考生能够了解文中明确体现的概念或细节，推断隐含体现的内容，了解全文主旨和作者所持观点态度；能够依照上下文推测生词意义，了解句间关系和语篇结构。该部分短文选自英语国家大众读物及旅游手册、操作阐明等真实语料，依照语言难度作适当调整，对无法猜测而又影响了解的核心词，用汉语注明词义。所选短文题材覆盖广泛，包括论述、阐明、议论等不一样体裁。该部分要求考生在读懂1篇350词左右短文的基础上，对给出的10个句子所体现的信息作出判断，有的信息是正确的，有的是错误的，有的文中没有提到。该部分共10小题。每题1分，共计10分。尤其提示：与以往英语（二）的阅读了解设题形式相比，该题更重视文章中的细节。与四六级改革后的新题型中迅速阅读的最初形式类似（Yes，No, Not given）。第二部分 阅读选择该部分要求考生：了解文章主旨和要义；把握文章的基本结构；了解文中阐明要点的事实和细节；作出简单推理和判断；依照上下文推断生词的释义；领会作者的意图、观点和态度。该部分选用1篇长度350词左右的短文，题材包括人文、科技、经济、环境、卫生等热点话题，文中会适当给出个别生词的中文释义。短文后设有5个题目，要求考生从每题后4个备选项中选出最佳选项。该部分共5小题。每题2分，共计10分。尤其提示：与以往英语（二）的阅读了解设题形式基本相同。第三部分 概括段落大意和补全句子该部分包括1篇短文（400词左右）和2项任务：概括段落大意和补全句子。其中概括段落大意部分意在考查考生宏观把握文章结构、概括段落大意和提取核心信息的能力。任务设有5或6个概括句或小标题，这些标题或文字分别是对文章各段落的概括和论述，其中1个为干扰项，要求考生依照文章内容选出最恰当的段落大意或小标题。补全句子部分重要考查考生定位查找核心信息的能力。该任务设有5或6个不完整的句子和6或7个备选项（1个干扰项），所填内容一般为名词短语、动宾短语、形容词结构、非谓语形式或简短的从句等，要求考生把符合题意的选项填入空格，完成每个句子。该部分共10小题。每题1分，共计10分。尤其提示：与以往英语（二）的阅读了解设题形式，更重视读者的概括总结能力。补全句子部分需尤其关注句子的结构特性。第四部分 填句补文该部分重要考查考生对文章语段特性（如连贯性和一致性等）的识辨能力以及把握文章结构的能力。要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，了解句子之间、段落之间的关系，并具备利用语法知识分析了解长难句的能力。该部分选用1篇总长度约400词的短文，所选材料多是观点鲜明、条理清楚的阐明文或议论文。要求考生在了解文章整体结构以及段落之间、单句之间关系的基础上，从所给的6个备选项中选出对应的5项（1个干扰项）。该部分共5小题。每题2分，共计10分。尤其提示：所需填的句子起着承上启下的作用，故应尤其关注空格处的句子与前后句之间的衔接关系。第五部分 填词补文该部分考查考生对文章及语篇中词汇的了解能力。所选短文一般为250300词，题材包括科普知识、社会热点等。短文中留出10个词汇的空格，要求考生从所给12个备选单词中选择符合上下文语境的词汇填入对应空白处，使短文意思通顺、体现正确，2个非正确选项具备强干扰性。考查的词汇重要包括名词、动词、形容词、副词等。短文首句不设置空格，两个空格之间会有一定间隔，以确保考生对篇章的正确了解。该部分共10小题。每题1.5分，共计15分。尤其提示：类似于四六级考试中的阅读了解的第一部分选词填空（即15选10），更重视句子结构的分析。第六部分 完形补文该部分考查考生综合了解和利用语言的能力。要求考生准确掌握词语拼写，纯熟掌握派生、屈折变化等构词措施；具备语篇分析能力，能够通过上下文意义和文章结构对详细词语的意义、词性、时体和情态等方面的应用作出有效分析。短文选自英语国家大众报纸杂志，内容包括传记、社会文化、日常知识、科普常识等常见话题。该部分要求考生在通读l篇约150词短文（被删除10个单词）的基础上，将与空白处对应的提示词转换成适当的词汇形式填入文中，使短文意义完整、语法正确。该部分共10小题。每题1.5分，共计15分。尤其提示：类似于以往考试中的词性转换的形式，重视句子成份的分析，同时注意上下文的连贯性。第七部分 短文写作该部分考查考生的书面体现能力。要求考生依照所给情境写出不少于150词（不计算标点符号）的文章。提供情境的形式有图画、图表、文字等。考生需要就详细或一般性抽象话题进行描述、阐释或阐明，用词恰当，体现通顺；能正确反应客观情况，体现自己的观点：能准确使用所学语言知识，依照写作要求清楚、有条理、连贯地体现自己的意思。该部分1个题目，30分。尤其提示：新增考项。尤其重视考生的词汇的应用能力和基本句型体现能力。尤其关注各种体裁作文的格式及常用句型，全面提升语言体现能力。三、考试本课程的考试采取闭卷方式，统考采取笔试。考试时间为150分钟。试卷满分为100分，60分及格。本课程考试采取统一设计的答题卡。考生必须将所有试题的答案按要求填涂和书写在答题卡对应的位置。各题型详解以大纲样题和三套自测题为例讲解第一部分：阅读判断（第110题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请依照短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：假如该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；假如该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；假如该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C，并在答题卡对应位置上将答案选项涂黑。Passage 1 （选自大纲样题）When We Are Asleep Everyone dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections（回忆）of their dreams, though they forget them very quickly. In an average night of eight hours sleep, an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes, probably having three to five dreams, each lasting from ten to thirty minutes. Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also increase, and there are rapid eye movements under the eye lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at some moving objects. These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles（爬行动物). This period of sleep is called the D state. Babies experience the D state for around 50% of their sleep; the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10. Dreams take the form of stories, but they may be strange and with incidents not closely connected, which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the cast of our dream dramas are friends and relations. Vision seems an essential part of dreams, except for people blind from birth. Sound and touch are senses also often aroused, but smell and taste are not frequently involved. In normal dreams, the dreamer may be taking part, or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream. However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream. This type of dream is called a lucid （清醒的) dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream, the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.1. Some people dream but cannot remember their dreams.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】A【解析】依照第一段的第一句话Everyone dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely.可知，该说法正确。注意题干表述是对原文某些句子的同义转述，如cannot替代了never，remember替代了recall。2. In an average night of eight hours sleep, males dream longer than females.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】C【解析】依照题干中的in an average night of eight hours sleep能够迅速定位在第一段的第三句话：In an average night of eight hours sleep, an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes, probably having three to five dreams, each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.这里没有对男性和女性做梦的时间进行对比，故应当选择没有提及。请仔细答题，答题成果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单项选择题】Decide whether the statement is True, False or Not Given according to the following passage: The first cooked food was probably cooked by a forest fire or volcano.1 The first man who cooked his food, instead of eating it raw, lived so long ago that we have no idea who he was or where he lived. We do know, however, that for thousands of years, food was always eaten cold and raw. Perhaps the first cooked food was heated accidentally by a forest fire or by the molten lava from an erupting volcano. No doubt, when people first tasted food that had been cooked, they found it tasted better. However, even after this discovery, cooked food must have remained a rarity until man learned how to make and control fire.2 Early peoples who lived in hot regions could depend on the heat of the sun to cook their food. For example, in the desert areas o the southwestern United States, the Indians cooked their food by placing it on a flat stone in the hot sun. They cooked pieces of meat and thin cakes of corn meal in this fashion.A TrueB FalseC Not Given【答案】A【解析】本题考查阅读判断技巧之在原文中迅速定位（序）数词等核心词。依照题干中的核心词first和food能够把答案定位在第一段，依照第一段第三句话Perhaps the first cooked food was heated accidentally by a forest fire or by the molten lava from an erupting volcano.可知该说法是正确的，故选A。【知识点】阅读判断技巧之在原文中迅速定位（序）数词等核心词3. When we dream, there is less movement of electrical waves in our brains.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】B【解析】依照题干中的electrical waves in our brains 能够迅速定位在第二段的前两句话：Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly.4. Without the help of instruments, scientists cannot tell whether someone is dreaming or not.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】B【解析】依照题干中的instruments能够定位在第二段，前三句话：Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also increase, and there are rapid eye movements under the eye lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at some moving objects.此处列举了科学家判断人是否做梦时的依据。这里明确指出需要借助仪器的是检测脑电波，而观测呼吸、心跳和眼动，不一定要借助仪器。因此，并不是没有仪器，科学家就无法判断一个人是否做梦。5. Only mammals have dreams when they are asleep. A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】B【解析】依照题干中的mammals能够定位在第二段的第四句话These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles（爬行动物).从句子结构and also能够判断also后的birds和reptiles不属于mammals的范围，这三个名词并列。小贴士：过于绝正确说法往往是错误的，如含有only, all, any, must, always, completely, entirely等的句子要仔细斟酌。6. Babies dream less than older children.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】B【解析】依照题干中的babies能够定位在第二段的最后两句话：This period of sleep is called the D state. Babies experience the D state for around 50% of their sleep; the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10.此处this period of sleep和上句，即These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles.中的主语these signs of dreaming是顺承关系，故this period of sleep就是dreaming，D state就是做梦的时候。最后一句讲到婴儿睡眠时间的50%都是D state，到了10岁后就下降到了25%。很显然，婴儿做梦比较大的孩子要多而不是less。7. Most dreams involve the people we played with when we were young.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】C【解析】本题是有关梦境的内容，能够定位在第三段前半部分Dreams take the form of stories, but they may be strange and with incidents not closely connected, which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the cast of our dream dramas are friends and relations.这里提到梦里的人大多是我们认识的人，大约2/3的人是朋友或亲戚，没有提到是我们一起从小玩大的朋友。8. Now we can detect what dreamers dream about by using modern equipment.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】C【解析】第三段讲到梦的形式及梦中的人物和梦的展现方式（vision视觉，sound听觉，touch触觉），故第三段重要讲梦的内容是什么，但没有包括这些结论是怎样取得的。9. We do not often have the sense of taste in dreams.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】A【解析】依照题干中的taste能够定位在第三段的倒数第三句Sound and touch（听觉和触觉） are senses also often aroused, but smell and taste（嗅觉和味觉） are not frequently involved.本题中的often和原文中的frequently属同义替代。10. Some people can be conscious that they are dreaming in their dreams.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】A【解析】依照题干中的conscious能够定位在第四段However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream. This type of dream is called a lucid （清醒的) dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream, the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.小贴士：千万不要受自己主观臆测的影响，要依照文章确定对错及未提及。Passage 2 （选自Self-Assessment 1）Work Is a Service Young people may ask themselves questions like this when they apply for employment: What are my working hours? What are my extra benefits besides wages? What holidays will I have off? Will I have enough time to hang out with my friends or pursue my hobbies? With questions like these, however, when we focus on our leisure hours instead of our working hours, we may be prevented from seeing a much greater opportunity. Good work attitudes, habits, and skills are learned through successful work experiences. Let me illustrate. On the ranch（牧场） where I grew up, the cows had to be milked before dawn every day. When I was just 10 years old, I would enter our barnyard where there were about 10 to 12 cows waiting for me to let them into the milking barn. My mother and father used to say out loud to the cows, Good morning. Its good to see you! I have to confess that as a young boy I didnt feel quite the same way toward the cows. After each cow was milked, I poured the milk from the pail into a l0-gallon can. Each can weighed about 80 pounds when full. It made me stretch my young muscles as I carried them to the road for the dairy to pick up. My father and mother quite frequently helped me with milking the cows. I remember my father and mother continued to milk until they were in their late 80s. But Father didnt milk the cows because he had to; he milked them because they needed to be milked. There is a difference. To him, these animals were not just cows - they were Big Blackie and Bossie and Sally and Betsy. He wanted them to be content. He always said that contented cows give good milk. To my father, milking cows - as unsophisticated as it may seem - was not an extra burden; it was an opportunity. Milking was not a job for him; it was a service. This philosophy is something that helped me as I grew up. It helped me to find out that all honest work is honorable. Within a few years I realized that routinely performing these chores actually began to give me a sense of confidence and empowerment. I took pride in my work. We control our own attitudes towards work. Self-confidence and empowerment can serve us well - in the classroom or on Wall Street. Instead of thinking of our daily work as an extra burden, we should think of it as an opportunity. Thats just the way my father taught me to feel about the cows. Those teachings have remained with me all my life, and I continue to visit the ranch and its memories as often as possible.1. Young people may be more concerned about leisure time when applying for jobs.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】A【解析】依照同一次序的标准定位在第一段，该段提到了应聘者提出的几个问题What are my working hours? What are my extra benefits besides wages? What holidays will I have off? Will I have enough time to hang out with my friends or pursue my hobbies?同时依照最后一句的概括With questions like these, however, when we focus on our leisure hours instead of our working hours, we may be prevented from seeing a much greater opportunity.可知该题干正确。2. Good work attitudes, habits, and skills are learned at school.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】B【解析】依照题干中的work attitudes, habits, skills能够定位在第二段的第一句Good work attitudes, habits, and skills are learned through successful work experiences.可知好的工作态度、习惯和技术来自工作经历而不是在学校能够学到。3. Before going to school, the author had to milk all the cows in the morning.A. True B. False C. Not Given显示答案【答案】B【解析】依照题干中的milk cows能够定位在第二段的中间When I was just 10 years old, I would enter our barnyard where there were about 10 to 12 cows waiting for me to let them into the milking barn. My mother and father used to say out loud to the cows, Good morning. Its good to see you!可知作者需要给10到12只奶牛挤奶，其他由他父母挤奶。小贴士：过于绝正确说法往往是错误的，如含有only, all, any, must, always, completely, entirely等的句子要仔细斟酌。请仔细答题，答题成果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单项选择题】Decide whether the statement is True, False or Not Given according to the following passage: Doctors can always tell that youre feeling stressed, and anxious or upset just by looking at you.1 You may not be used to talking to your doctor about your feelings or problems in your personal life. But remember, he or she cant always tell that youre feeling stressed, anxious or upset just by looking at you. Its important to be honest with your doctor if you are having these feelings.2 First, he or she will need to make sure that other health problems arent causing your physical symptoms. If your symptoms arent caused by other health problems, you and your doctor can address the emotional causes of your symptoms. Your doctor may suggest ways to t