2024年软件0904钱俊颖基于Android的日历系统的设计与实现外文文献翻译.doc

华 北 电 力 大 学毕 业 设 计（论 文）附 件外 文 文 献 翻 译学 号： 0904 姓 名： 钱俊颖 所在院系： 控制与计算机工程学院计算机系 专业班级： 软件工程1001班 指引教师： 朵春红 原文标题：Android smartphone adoption and intention to pay for mobile internet: Perspectives from software, hardware, design, and value 6 月 18 日从软件、硬件、设计和价值的角度出发：论安卓智能手机的采取和为手机互联网付费的意图 原文出处及作者：Library Hi Tech, , Vol.31 (2), pp.216-235.Kuo-Lun Hsiao.摘要目标 - 本课题的研究目标是探究影响安卓智能机使用率和为互联网付费的意图的原因。设计/措施论/途径 - 目前的研究从软件（界面便利性和认知内容）、硬件（认知的基础设施）、设计（设计美学）和感知价值（情感价值、金钱价值、性能/质量价值和社会价值）这四个角度提议了一个基于理性行为理论的构架（界面便利性和认知内容）。有人做过有关网络调查，数据的起源为台湾的881名安卓智能机使用者。因果模型通过偏最小二乘法验证。调查成果 - 成果表白，上述原因对于手机互联网用户和非手机互联网用户的影响是不一样的。出人意料的是，设计美学的影响并不重大。男性用户愈加喜欢在智能机上阅读电子书。实际意义 - 这个研究有利于理论性的了解上述原因，这些原因提升了手机互联网用户和非手机互联网用户的安卓智能机采取率和手机互联网设施付费意图。该被提议的框架能够被应用于智能机制造商和手机互联网服务商的产品设计和营销方略。创意/价值 - 本文的价值在于为用户和非用户对于安卓智能机的采取和手机互联网服务的订购的关注提供一个愈加好的了解。核心词：智能机；安卓；手机互联网；认知价值；电子书；理性行为理论；通信；手机技术；台湾1. 序言伴随手机互联网服务的发展，越来越多的客户正在采取智能机作为重要的通信设备。第三季度，全世界范围内智能机的销售量达成1.15亿，与同期相比上升42%，热卖的手机所搭载的系统大多为安卓、塞班、微软和苹果。尤其是安卓，广泛地支持众多厂商的手持设备，占据了第四季度的50.9%的世界市场。智能机比功效型手机提供更高的计算能力和连通性，并代表性的提供高辨别率触摸屏和通过内置网络浏览器无线访问网页的功效。电信企业最近开始推广智能机产品，希望能把手机互联网服务推广为一个创收方式。，安卓手机占据了超出二分之一的智能机市场，而安卓用户只占了16%的手机互联网市场。因此，电信商对于通过安卓设备提升用户使用手机互联网的意向有着强烈兴趣。近年来，某些研究从种种调查过采取智能机和手机互联网的动机，诸如技术接收模型、美学设计和认知价值，然而，这些研究中有极少特地包括过手机浏览器背景下的安卓智能机，而这个领域对市场来说还是较新的领域。安卓是一个开源的系统，它允许制造商按照需求定制自己的设备，包括软件和硬件。因此，我们的调查目标之一就是研究硬件及与软件有关的原因对采取意向的影响。另外，认知价值是影响支付意向的重要决定原因。手机互联网服务以一系列增值服务为特色，例如在线音乐和手机购物。某些出版商也和电信企业合作以提供在线电子书服务，并且有越来越多的人用安卓设备在网上阅读书籍。例如，调查者发觉大学生乐于用手机使用手机图书馆服务。不过，个体差异（例如年龄、性别和受教育程度）也许会影响各种信息技术的采取率和使用模式。2.概念框架和假想开发Figure One提出了本课题的研究模型，该模型的开发基于理性行为理论。完成特定行为的意图重要取决于个人原因（例如个体态度）和社会原因（例如主观规范）。理性行为理论被用作某些信息系统的重要的可接收的模型，包括网站用途可电子银行。理性行为理论是一个通用模型，它并不特指某一特定的行为。因此，当调查者用理性行为理论去解释不一样的采取行为时，他们需要去考虑其他的明显信奉。安卓从初次公布就开始不停改良特色功效和支持硬件，并已经扩张到大范围设备之中。安卓的开源和可定制的体系结构允许安卓设备制造商开发他们自己的软硬件来吸引用户并取得市场优势。因此，课题研究模型将硬件、软件和设计美学作为决定性原因来考虑。安卓可定制的特点允许安卓设备厂商开发各种功效和界面以满足客户需求，重要是通过内容和界面便利性来提供分化。安卓的底层结构为老式硬件提供了支持，例如加速3D图形，专用游戏控制，USB闪存驱动和USB硬盘。底层结构是决定用户对安卓设备的态度的硬性原因。另外，之前的研究表白用户情绪反应和产品偏好受产品美学设计的影响。因此，本模型也将设计美学作为其中一项决定性原因。认知价值被公以为是影响用户采取新技术的意图的核心原因。认知价值是用户对产品或服务的实用性的全面评价，这由用户有关得到什么和予以什么的认知来决定，这个全面评价能够通过提升产品/服务效益或减少购置和使用的开支来提升。评定认知价值基于四个方面：情感价值，社会价值，质量价值和消费价值。因此，我们以为这四种价值影响用户购置手机互联网服务的意向。本研究的模型细节如下所述。（1） 界面便利性在本研究中，界面便利性被定义为一个个体相信制造商的系统应当为用户提供简单而又有效的人机互动方式，这表白界面会影响用户的喜好。有关手机互联网服务的研究表白，人机界面的质量能够提升用户的满意度和忠诚度。因此，能够预料到提升便利性能够影响用户对安卓设备的态度。（2） 感知内容功效在安卓系统中扮演重要角色，因为功效或软件能够提升操作性能。感知内容能够被定义为用户对智能手机的特色的质量（有效性）的感知。感知内容会提升用户对于采取智能机的积极态度。内嵌元素是购置手机的重要驱动。（3） 感知基础设施感知基础设施能够被定义为用户对于智能机硬件效能的感知。安卓提供一系列硬件支持，例如外部存储器、加速3D图形和压力传感器。这个附加的硬件支持能够协助制造商来开发特定的功效以便协助他们的用户处理一般任务，为用户提供一系列设备阐明书来应对他们的各种需求。过去的调查也表白，设备硬件阐明书能够影响用户对于质量和交互性的感觉。硬件支持的意向反馈能够提升手机设备的交互性并影响情感质量。（4） 设计美学设计美学对于用户接纳技术是非常重要的。在本研究中，设计美学包括到平衡、感性诉求，或通过颜色、形状或动画来体现得美学。人类视觉对认知能力和情感有着核心影响。因此美观的设计是加强用户对特定的智能机的情感依恋的决定性原因。（5） 态度态度被视为影响用户采取智能机意图的重要原因。在本研究中，态度可被定义为用户对一部安卓机的良好感觉。同时，态度也确实影响了用户连续使用某一系列网站的意图。3. 研究措施论本研究重点聚焦台湾安卓机用户的情况。在亚太地区，台湾的安卓智能机的市场占有份额非常之高，只有行韩国、香港、新加坡、澳大利亚比台湾所占比重高。纵观整个市场，智能机在年轻群体、男性群体和受良好教育群体中更为流行。在台湾，二分之一的在线客户使用智能机，而安卓掌控了所有智能操作系统中71%的市场。一份包括35项自陈式条目标在线问卷被设计用来搜集安卓用户的响应。为了证明问卷调查中的项目，调查者做了先期测试和小规模测试，先期测试邀请了两位智能机教授来评定逻辑一致性、了解难易度、问题次序和上下文有关性。调查者还邀请了十位安卓智能机使用时间在一年以上的用户来评定问卷的用语。他们的意见使调查者对问题的语序和措辞进行了小规模改动，并将改动后的问题追加到附录中。有关调查问卷的公告张贴在台湾某些与安卓智能机有关的网站和公告系统上，若参加调查，则有机会在幸运抽奖中获取礼品券。为预防重复提交，被调查者的身份将通过他们的电子邮件和收到问卷后的IP地址来检查。总共搜集到957个回应，其中76个是不完整的或复制的，881份回应是有效的。在有效的回应中，30%是女性，68%是年龄在二十岁到二十九岁之间的年轻人，大约45%是在校大学生。拟建模型和假定通过偏最小二乘法来测试。在结构方程建模中，偏最小二乘法措施允许调查者同时考虑测量模型参数和结构途径系数。调查者把这些反馈依照智能手机互联网使用经历的不一样分类为数个不一样的组。Android smartphone adoption and intention to pay for mobile internet: Perspectives from software, hardware, design, and valueArticle citation: Kuo-Lun Hsiao, () Android smartphone adoption and intention to pay for mobile internet: Perspectives from software, hardware, design, and value, Library Hi Tech, Vol. 31 Iss: 2, pp.216 - 235The AuthorsKuo-Lun Hsiao, Department of Information Management, National Taichung University of Technology and Science, Taichung, Taiwan, ROCAbstractPurpose The research goal of this study is to explore the factors influencing the adoption of Android smartphones and the intention to pay for mobile internet services.Design/methodology/approach The present study proposes a framework based on theory of reasoned action (TRA) from the perspectives of software (interface convenience and perceived content), hardware (perceived infrastructure), design (design aesthetics) and perceived value (emotional value, price/value for money, performance/quality value, and social value). A web survey was conducted, and data were collected from a total of 881 users of Android smartphones in Taiwan. The casual model was validated using partial least squares (PLS) techniques.Findings The results indicated that the influence of the factors on the intention of the mobile internet users and non-users were different. Surprisingly, the effect of design aesthetics was not significant in all of the groups. Male users were found to be more likely to read e-books on their smartphones, as are people with higher personal incomes.Practical implications This study contributes to a theoretical understanding of the factors that promote mobile internet users and non-users intention to adopt Android smartphones and pay for mobile internet services. The proposed framework can be used by mobile internet service providers and smartphone manufacturers to design the products and marketing strategies.Originality/value The primary value of this paper lies in providing a better understanding of users and non-users concerns about Android smartphone adoption and subscription of mobile internet services.Article Type:Research paperKeyword(s):Smartphone; Android; Mobile internet; Perceived value; E-books; Theory of reasoned action; Communications; Mobile technology; Taiwan.1. IntroductionWith the development of mobile internet services, more and more consumers are adopting smartphones as their primary communication device. Worldwide smartphone sales to end users reached 115 million units in the third quarter of , up 42 percent from the third quarter of , with most based on Android, Symbian, Windows Mobile, and iOS operating systems. In particular, 谷歌s Android, which is available on all carriers for a wide range of handsets from multiple manufacturers, accounted for 50.9 percent of the worldwide market in 4Q.A smartphone offers more advanced computing ability and connectivity than a feature phone, and typically includes a high-resolution touch screen and offers wireless-internet access to web pages through a built-in web browser. Telecommunication companies have recently begun to promote smartphone products in hopes of promoting mobile internet services as a way to increase revenues. While Android mobile devices account for over half of the market for smartphones, Android users only accounted for a 16 percent share of the mobile internet market in . Thus, telecom service providers have a strong interest in exploring ways to increase user intention to use mobile internet through Android devices.Recently, several studies have explored motivation for adopting smartphones and mobile internet from a variety of perspectives, such as technology acceptance model (TAM), aesthetic design, and perceived value. However, few of these studies have specifically investigated Android smartphones in mobile internet context, which are relatively new to the market. Android is an open source system which allows manufacturers to customize their devices, including hardware and software . Consequently, one of our research purposes is to investigate the influence of hardware- and software-related factors on adoption intention.Moreover, perceived value is the main determinant of payment intention . Mobile internet services feature a range of value added services, such online music and mobile shopping. Many publishers also are collaborating with telecommunication companies to provide online e-book services for mobile devices, and people are increasingly using Android devices to read books online. For example, university students were found to be willing to adopt mobile library services through mobile devices. Nevertheless, personal differences (e.g. age, gender, and educational level) may influence adoption and usage patterns of various information technologies.2. Conceptual framework and hypothesis developmentFigure 1 presents this studys research model, developed based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA).The intention to perform a particular behavior is mainly determined by a personal factor (e.g. an individuals attitude) and a social factor (e.g. a subjective norm). TRA has been used as the basis of several information system (IS) acceptance models, including web site usage and e-banking. TRA is a general model, which does not specify beliefs about a particular behavior. Hence, researchers need to consider other salient beliefs when adapting TRA to explain different adoption behaviors. From its initial release, Android has been constantly improved either in terms of features or supported hardware, and has been extended to an expanding range of devices. Androids open and customizable architecture allows manufacturers of Android devices to develop their hardware and software specifications with features designed to appeal to users and achieve market advantage. Hence, the research model in the study considers hardware, software, and design aesthetics as the main determinants of attitude.The customizable nature of Android allows manufacturers of Android devices to develop functions and interfaces to satisfy the needs of their customers, primarily to offer differentiation through content and interface convenience. Androids infrastructure provides support for additional hardware, such as accelerated 3D graphics, dedicated gaming controls, USB flash drives, and USB hard disks. This infrastructure is an important hardware factor for user attitudes toward Android devices. Furthermore, previous studies have indicated user emotional reaction and product preferences are influenced by the products aesthetic design. Thus, the model also includes aesthetic design as a key determinant for attitude.Perceived value has been recognized as an important determinant of user intention to adopt new technologies. Perceived value is the consumers overall assessment of the a product or services utility as determined by the consumers perception of what is received and given; it can be enhanced by either increasing benefits of the product/service or by decreasing the expense of purchasing and using it. Sweeney and Soutar () proposed an approach to evaluate perceived value based on four aspects: emotional value, social value, quality value, and cost value. Hence, this study proposes that these four values influence user intention to purchase mobile internet services. This studys research model proposes ten hypotheses, which are described in detail below.Interface convenienceIn this study, interface convenience is defined as the extent to which an individual believes that Android systems provided by manufacturers would provide an easy and efficient means of usersystem interaction indicated that interface quality will influence the users affect.In studying mobile internet services,demonstrated that quality of usersystem interface can enhance user satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, it is anticipated that increased convenience and ease of use would positively affect user attitudes toward Android devices. Perceived contentFunctions are anticipated to play an important role in Android, because the functions or software provided by manufacturers would improve operation efficiency. Perceived content can be defined as the users perception of the quality (usefulness) of a smartphones features provided. Lin indicated that perceived content would increase positive attitudes towards adopting a smartphone, while Laurs () found that embedded content is a major driver for mobile phone purchases. Thus, it is anticipated that perceived content will enhance users attitudes toward Android devices. H2 is stated as follows:H2. Perceived content will positively affect user attitudes toward Android devices.Perceived infrastructurePerceived infrastructure can be defined as the users perception of the efficiency provided by the smartphone hardware (Lin, ). Android provides a range of hardware supports, such external storage, accelerated 3D graphics, and proximity and pressure sensors. This additional hardware support can help the manufacturers develop specific functions to assist their users in dealing with common tasks, providing users with a range of device specifications to meet their various needs. Past research has also indicated that device hardware spec can influence user feelings about quality and interactivity. For example, Park et al. () demonstrated that hardware support for motion feedback can improve the interactivity of a mobile device and significantly influence the affective quality. Design aestheticsDesign aesthetics have been found to be important for user acceptance of technology. Design aesthetics in this study refers to the balance, emotional appeal, or aesthetic of a smartphone which may be expressed through color, shape, or animation. Human visual sense is a key influence on cognition and thus emotion, thus aesthetically pleasing design is an crucial factor to strengthen user emotional attachment to a particular device. Nanda et al. () suggested that the aesthetic design of mobile phones has an impact on users emotional reaction, while Cyr et al. () found that visual design aesthetics significantly impacted perceived enjoyment. Similarly, it is anticipated that design aesthetics will enhance user attitudes toward Android devices. AttitudeAttitude is seen as an important factor influencing user intention for technology adoption and, in this case, can be defined as the users favorable feeling towards an Android smartphone. Park and Chen () found that behavioral intention to use smartphones was largely influenced by attitude toward the technology, while Cheong and Park () found similar results in regards to mobile internet usage. Lin () found that attitude positively influences user intention to continue to use various web sites.3. Research methodologyThis study focuses on Android smartphone users in Taiwan. In the Asia-Pacific region, Taiwans smartphone penetration rates are very high, with only South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan and Australia having higher smartphone ownership rates. Across all markets, smartphone usage is more prevalent among younger, male and better educated groups. One in two online consumers use a Smartphone in Taiwan, with Androi