损坏检验常用英语.docx

参 考 资 料

损坏检验中的一些常用英语

上海双希海事发展有限公司
二 O O O 年

THE WORDS & SENTENCES
USED IN
FOUND & RECOMMENDATION (SUPPLEMENT)

Ⅰ. FOUND
FOUND后面一般接动词过去分词，也可以接形容词或名词。
found aged 发现老化
a little bit inclined 有些倾斜
abnormal 不正常
bent 弯曲
burnt 烧坏
beyond repair 已无法修理
black out (n.) (灯光)熄灭
blocked 堵塞
broden 破裂
breakdown (n.) (主机)停车
carbonized 炭化
coked 结焦
charred 结炭
chapped 裂开
choked 堵塞
clogged (常指管子的堵塞)堵塞
collapsed 塌陷
corroded 腐蚀
cracked 裂开
damaged 损坏
deformed 变形
destroyed 毁坏
dirty 肮脏
dented 凹陷
dropped 脱落
excessive wear 过度磨损
earthen 接地
fallen out 脱落
fractured 破裂
frosted 结霜
grooved 划成沟
greasy 油污
hardened 硬化
inclined 倾斜
inaccurate 不准
ineffective 失效
jammed 卡住
knocking 敲击
leaky, leaking 泄露
loose 松,不紧
melted 熔化
misaligned 不对中
misfire 点不着火
noisy 噪声
overheated 过热
out of function 失去作用
out of order 不正常
out of operation 动作不灵
oval 呈椭圆形
pit 麻点
ridged 凸起
scored 划伤
seized 咬住
scuffed 拉痕
squeezed 挤压
short circuited 短路
scaled 积垢
sticking 咬住
surging (增压器)喘振
twisted 扭曲
vibration 震动
worn 磨损
wiped 磨掉

Ⅱ. RECOMMENDED
表达方式:To be + (修理动作的动词过去分词)
To be assembled 组装
disassembled 拆卸
closed, sealed 盖合,封闭
connected 连接
covered 盖上
dismounted 拆开
disengaged (见engaged) 脱开
disconnected 拆开
drawn out 拉出
engaged (齿轮等)啮合
fixed 固定
installed 安装
lifted out 提出
To be loosened, untightened 松开
opened up 打开
pulled out 拉出
packed 组合,集合
removed 移开
replaced 更换
returned, sent, transported 送回
rolled out, turned out 转出
shifted 移动
take 取,拿
tightened 上紧
unbolted, unscrewed 卸螺栓、螺丝
withdrawn 退出、抽出(尾轴)
清洁 (cleaning) 动作
To be blown 吹清
cleaned 清洁
chemically cleaned 化学清洗
coated, painted 涂,包,覆盖
drained 把(沉淀物)放掉
filled 充注
flushed 冲洗
repainted 重新上涂料
washed 洗
检测 (checking, measuring) 动作
To be adjusted 校正
Aligned 对中,找平
Checked 检查,校对
detected for (leakage) 查(漏)
examined 仔细检查
inspected 检查
measured 测量
To be overhauled 大检修
rectified 校正
regulated 调整
reset 重新设定
修理 (Repairing) 动作
To be cropped 切割、剪切
dipped, immersed 浸,泡
dried, baked 烘,烤
drilled 钻孔
euipped 装备
filed 锉
finished 表面光洁
fitted 装设
forged 锻造
ground 研磨
lathed 车床加工
machined (用机床)加工
To be made 制造
metalled 敷上金属
moulded 模制
patched 复补
planed 刨平
polished 磨光,擦光
remetalled 重新敷上金属
remedied 修补
renewed 换新
rewound 重新绕
scraped 括
slotted 开槽
soldered 焊
tapped 攻螺纹
tapered 使成圆锥
tempered 回火,软火
welded 焊接

THE DESCRIPTION OF DAMAGE

I. General descriptions
1.
To be in good condition
情况良好
2.
To be in fair condition
情况尚可
3.
To be in poor condition
情况欠佳
4.
To be in bad condition
情况不良
5.
To be in neglected condition
缺乏保养
6.
To be not properly serviced
未经正常保养
7.
To be not properly cleaned
未经正常清洁
8.
To be not properly protected
未经正常保护
9.
To be not properly insulated
未经正常隔热(或绝缘)
10.
To be not properly adjusted
未经正常校正
11.
To be defective
有缺陷的
12.
To be damaged
损坏
13.
To be damaged beyond repair
损坏后无法修理
14.
To be free of repair
To be exempted from repair
免于修理
15.
To be faired (in failure)
失效
16.
To be without effect
To be in vain
To be proved no avail
无效
17.
To be out of order (in trouble)
故障
18.
To be out of action
停止工作(不是指故障)
19.
To be in disorder
零乱
20.
To be inoperative
To be unworkable
不能工作
21.
In case of out of operation
在不工作情况下
22.
To be out of function
不能工作，失去作用
23.
To be unserviceable (useless)
不能使用(指必须换新)
24.
To be failed to start (could not be started)
不能启动
25.
To be fitted incorrectly
按装不正确(指小型的设备)
26.
To be installed incorrectly
按装不正确(指大型的设备)
27.
To be accumulated of dangerous inflammable vapors
积聚危险可燃气体
28.
It was obvious that this state had existed of a considerable time
(损坏)状况是长期存在的
29.
To be under full loading condition
在满载情况下
30.
To be under light loading condition
在轻载情况下
31.
To be under partial loading condition (Not more than 85% of full load)
在减载情况下(减载15％)
32.
To be in non-homogeneous condition
在不均匀装载情况下

II. Deficiencies
1.
To be not fitted
To be not provided
未装
2.
To be not available
未备有
3.
To be missing
遗失
4.
To be incomplete
不齐全
5.
To be deficient
不足，缺少
6.
To be insufficient
不足
7.
To be neglected
遗漏
8.
To be omitted
遗漏，省去
9.
To be removed
称开，拆走
10.
To be washed overboard
冲走
11.
To be dropped
跌落
12.
To be fitted with wrong ......
错用(尺寸，材料，仪器)

III. Tightness, Stains & Loss, etc.
1.
Leaking
漏
2.
Infiltrating (seeping)
渗漏
3.
Weeping
泪滴
4.
Sweating
汗滴
5.
Not watertight
不水密
6.
Loss of watertightness
失去水密性
7.
Loss of airtightness
失去气密性
8.
Loss of oiltightness
失去油密性
9.
Escaping of cool
逃冷
10.
Loss of lub. oil pressure
滑油压力降低
11.
Loss of water pressure
水压力降低
12.
Oil polluted
油污
13.
Oil soaked
油浸
14.
Water soaked
水浸
15.
Water stained
水渍
16.
Oil stained
油渍
17.
Rust in patches
锈斑
18.
Verdigris in patches
钢绿斑
19.
Water marks
水渍

IV. Dent, crack, score, break, etc.
1.
To be scuffed
拉毛(活塞裙部,仅从反光上可观察到)
2.
To be chafed
擦痕
3.
To be scored
拉痕(较chafe深)
4.
To be scratched
抓痕(硬拉过的痕)
5.
To be scraped
刮痕(长期运行刮的痕)
6.
To be seized and scuffed
咬毛(偏心轮)
7.
To be grooved
槽痕（比pitting深）
8.
To be scared
结疤

Old scar
老疤

Fresh scar
新疤
9.
To be scaled
结垢
10.
To be ridged
起线，台肩（凸起雷治痕）
11.
To be cracked
裂缝

Hair crack
发裂

Surface crack
表面裂缝

Through crack
穿透裂缝

Non-through crack
未穿透裂缝

Oblique crack radiated above the horizontal
向上放射的裂缝
12.
To be slitted
长裂
13.
To be rumped
摺痕
14.
To be notched
缺口
15.
To be chapped
龟裂
16.
To be fractured
折裂
17.
To be broken
破裂、破碎

To be broken off
破掉（破裂后跌落）
18.
To be holed
洞穿
19.
To be holed & flooded
洞穿浸水
20.
To be opened
开口
21.
To be bent
弯曲
22.
To be canted
倾斜
23.
To be buckled
皱折(指隔堵)

To be buckled between frames
瘦马型弯曲
24.
To be warped
翔起
25.
To be indented (dented)
凹陷(指船壳板在两肋位间的凹陷)
26.
To be set in
凹陷(指船壳板较大面积的凹陷)
27.
To be waved
波曲(船底受波浪或装载引起)
28.
To be curled
卷曲(指绳索)
29.
To be bulged
凸出，鼓起
30.
To be collapsed
倾陷，倾倒
31.
To be ruptured
毁损
32.
To be torn off
撕破
33.
Wear & tear
自然耗损
34.
To be pierced
刺破
35.
To be peeled
剥落(指油漆)

To be blistered
起泡(指油漆)

To be porous
多孔(指油漆)
36.
To be burst
爆破(指高压管路)
37.
To be blown off
吹脱
38.
To be distorted
扭曲、歪扭
39.
To be smashed
击碎
40.
To be laminated
分层
41.
Engine break-down
因故障机器突然停车
42.
Latent defect
潜在缺陷
43.
To be punctured
电击穿

V. Corrosion, seizing, choking, etc.
1.
To be corroded
腐蚀
2.
To be wasted
耗蚀
3.
To be deteriorated
蚀薄
4.
To be thinned
变薄
5.
To be pitted
麻点
6.
To be eroded
侵蚀
7.
To be rusted
生锈
8.
To be rotted
腐烂(指木,橡皮)
9.
To be decayed
腐烂(指电缆等)
10.
To be perished
腐烂(指橡胶,电缆等)
11.
To be aged
老化
12.
To be seized
咬住

To be seized by rust
锈死
13.
To be stuck
咬住(粘)
14.
To be rust-jammed
锈轧
15.
To be fouled
缠绕(无规则的卷)

To be winded
缠绕(有规则的卷)
16.
To be clogged
堵塞(指管子)
17.
To be blocked
阻塞
18.
To be gagged
闭塞(指阀)
19.
To be blanked
封没
20.
To be plugged
闷塞
21.
To be choked
卡住、阻塞

VI. Wear, loose, clearance, etc.
1.
To be detached
脱开，分开
2.
To be loosened
松动
3.
To be slacked
疏松
4.
To be worn
磨损

To be worn out evenly
均匀磨损

To be worn out unevenly
不均匀磨损

To be worn on one side
单边磨损

To be worn out symmetrically
对称磨损
5.
To be sprung
扭歪(铆钉)
6.
Clearance to be exceeded
间隙过大

Backlash to be exceeded
齿隙过大

Vibration to be exceeded
振动过大

Noise level to be exceeded
噪音过大
7.
To loose engagement
啮合太松
8.
To loose connection
接头松动
9.
Tooth:
齿

To be worn out
齿磨损

To be chopped off
齿崩缺

To be fractured
齿折断
10.
Knocking:
敲击

Knocking cylinder
敲缸

Knocking valve gear
伐件敲击

Knocking bearing
轴承敲击
11.
Bearing metal :
轴承合金

To be detached
轴承脱壳

To be cracked
轴承开裂

To be wiped
轴承铺铅

To be melted
轴承熔化
12.
To be out of roundness
失圆
13.
To be out of alignment
中心线不直
14.
To be off centering
偏心
15.
To be deflected
偏钭
16.
To be twisted
扭曲、扭转

VII. Burning, heating, etc.
1.
Sparking
火花
2.
Arcking(arcing)
电弧
3.
Commutator:
整流器

To be scored
拉痕

To be burnt'
烧坏

To be worn
磨耗

To be uneven
不平

To be sparked
火花

To be blackened
发黑

To be roughed
粗糙
4.
To be scorched
烤焦
5.
To be charred
结炭
6.
To be overheated
过热
7.
To be broken down
击穿
8.
To be short-circuited
短路
9.
Setting incorrect
整定值不正确
10.
Tripping incorrect
脱扣不正常
11.
Brush set incorreectly
炭刷安装不正确
11.
Battery :
电池

To be completely discharged
完全放光(电)

To be undercharged
未充满

To be overcharged
充电过量

THE USE OF VERBS
IN
RECOMMENDATIONS & REQUIREMENTS

I. Remove, crop, etc.
1.
To be removed
拆下
2.
To be removed & replaced
拆装
3.
To be removed, faired & replaced
拆装拷平
4.
To be cropped & renewed
割换(管子,板,栏杆)
5.
To be partly renewed
部份换新
6.
To be partly cropped & renewed
部份割换
7.
To be cut off
割除
8.
To be faired
拷平
9.
To be heated & faired in place
就地红火校正
10.
To be straightened
拷直，校直
11.
To be dismantled
拆卸(某一部件)
12.
To be disassembled
拆散(解体)
13.
To be withdrawn
取下、抽出（尾轴）
14.
To be stripped
拆除(某一部件)
15.
To be unshipped
拆下
16.
To be disconnected
断开(线,管接头)
17.
To be lifted
抬升,举起
18.
To be jacked
顶起,(用千斤顶顶起)
19.
To be replaced by (with)
换用
20.
To be patched
复补

II. Fit, scrape, grind, etc.
1.
To be fitted & scraped
拂刮
2.
To be fitted & ground
拂磨
3.
To be scraped & ground
刮磨
4.
To be made to fit
拂合(装配好)
5.
To be filed
锉平
6.
To be gouged
铲平(裂缝)
7.
To be chipped
铲平
8.
To be run to fit
啮合(运动磨合)
9.
To be ground round
磨圆
10.
To be ground smooth
磨光
11.
To be bored round
镗圆
12.
To be planed smooth
刨光
13.
To be polished
抛光
14.
To be machined
光车
15.
To be skimmed
光一刀(表面)
16.
To be finished machined
精加工
17.
To be rough machined
粗加工

III. Re-metal, adjust, check, etc.
1.
To be remetalled
重浇白合金
2.
To be re-babbitted
重浇白合金(专指巴氏合金)
3.
To be pulled out
拉出
4.
To be drawn out
抽出
5.
To be taken off
取出
6.
To be set
调整
7.
To be adjusted
校正，调整

To be adjusted of alignment
校正中心线

To be adjusted true
校正中心线

To be adjusted for clearance
校正间隙

To be adjusted for centering
校中

To be adjusted for deflection
调整甩档
8.
To be checked
检查

To be checked for roundness
检查圆度

To be checked for insulation resistance
检查绝缘电阻

To be checked for alignment
检查中心线

To be checked for clearance
检查间隙
9.
To be desiccated
除垢
10.
To be wire-scrubbed
用钢丝刷(除锈)
11.
To be chipped & scraped
拷铲(油漆
12.
To be logged (hourly)
记录（小时）
IV. Weld rived, wind, etc.
1.
To be repaired by welding
电焊修理
2.
To be repaired by metalock
波浪键修理
3.
To be welded
焊补,焊接
4.
To be gas welded
气焊
5.
To be flaming welded
火焊
6.
To be plug welded
塞焊
7.
To be butt welded
对接焊
8.
To be lap welded
搭接焊
9.
To be fillet welded
填角焊
10.
To be tack welded
定位焊
11.
To be spot welded
点焊
12.
To be built by welds
堆焊
13.
To be welded on
焊上
14.
To be chiselled out & rewelded
铲去重焊
15.
To be bevelled
坡口
16.
To be gouged out
坡槽
17.
To be riveted
铆接
18.
To be rewound
重绕
19.
To be re-varnished
重浸绝缘漆
20.
To be brazed
铜焊

V. Heating
1.
To be heated
红火，加热
2.
To be preheated
预热
3.
To be heat-treated
热处理
4.
To be annealed
退火
5.
To be normalised
正火
6.
To be tempered
回火
7.
To be quenched
淬火
8.
To be surface hardened
表面淬硬

THE USE OF VERBS IN TESTS

1.
To be hydraulically tested
液压试验(对管子部分的水压试验)
2.
To be tested by water head
压头试验
3
To be tested by water pressure
水压试验(对舱室及机械部分)
4.
To be tested by air pressure
气压试验
5.
To be tested for tightness
密性试验
6.
To be tested for leakage
试漏
7.
To be hose tested
冲水试验
8.
To be flood tested
灌水试验
9.
To be tested by soapy water
肥皂水试验
10.
To be kerosene tested
煤油试验
11.
To be tested for penetration
渗透试验
12.
To be subjected to ultrasonic detection
超声波试验
13.
To be subjected to radiographic examination
X光照相
14.
To be subjected to magnetic powder detection
磁粉探伤
15.
To be subjected to metallographic structure examination
金相组织检查
16.
To be subjected to inflammable gas detection
测爆
17.
To be high voltage tested
高压试验(电)
18.
To be break-load tested
破断试验
19.
To be proof-load tested
负荷试验
20.
To be static-load tested
静负荷试验
21.
To be load-transferring tested
转移负荷试验
22.
To be dynamic-load tested
动负荷试验
23.
To be full working load tested
全工作负荷试验
24.
To be blue oil tested
试兰油(轴瓦,平面)
25.
To be drill tested
钻孔试验
26.
To be subjected to cooling down test
打冷试验
27.
To be subjected to refrigeration test
制冷试验
28.
To be subjected to blowing through test
吹通试验
29.
To be subjected to dock trial
码头试验
30.
To be subjected to sea trial
航行试验
31.
To be subjected to mooring trial
系泊试验
32.
To be drop tested (percussive tested)
投落试验
33.
To be hammer tested (acoustic tested)
敲击试验
34.
To be impact tested
冲击试验
35.
To be bend tested
弯曲试验
36.
To be cold bend tested
冷弯试验
37.
To be strain-aging tested
形变时效试验
38.
To be tensile tested
拉伸试验
39.
To be hardness tested
硬度试验
40.
To be flattening tested
打平试验
41.
To be expand tested
扩口试验
42.
To be dump tested
墩粗试验
43.
To be sulphur print tested
硫印试验
44.
To be subjected to chemical analysis
化学分析
45.
To be subjected to mechanical test
机械性能试验
46.
Elongation
伸长率
47.
Yield point
屈服点
48.
Reduction of cross-sectional area
断面收缩率

SURVEY DATA LIST

Name of Ship : Flag:
Port of registry: Gross Tonnage:
Class:
Last drydocking:
At the request of :
On behalf of :
First date of survey : Surveyed at :Afloat and / or in drydock.
Present at surveys (Name & Status):
Alleged casualty(s) and date(s):
Log books / extracts examined form / to:
Vessel in loaded / ballast condition. On voyage from...... to ......
Permanent repairs (part) effected / deferred. Temporary repairs (part) effected.
Whether drydock necessary:
Details of and other damage / Owner's repairs effected concurrently:
Owner's repairs necessary for seaworthiness?
If so, estimate time required: Afloat In drydock
Date of docking : Date of undocking:
Date of commencement of repairs:
Date of completion of repairs:
Date of vessel leaving port:
Agreed cost of repairs-each damage:
Cost of drydocking: Overtime worked number of days
Cost of general services: Saved: Afloat, In drydock
Excess cost of overtime:
Values of credits:
Estimate cost : (Formal reports should not contain cost estimates).
Is damage consistent with cause alleged?
In addition to the above, the following data should be noted in cases of :

I. COLLISION DAMAGE
Name of vessels :
Time and Places of casualty:
Course of vessels :
Speeds of vessels :
Draughts of vessels :
Angle of blow (shown in sketch) :
Avoiding action taken :
Weather and visibility reported at time of collision:
Efforts to extricate collided vessels:
Photographs:
Condition of :Whistle Navigation lights
Steering gear Br