英语简单句的5种基本类型省名师优质课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,简单句,五种基本类型,第1页,句子成份：,主语、谓语、宾语、表语、,定语、状语、补语等。,主要成份,：主语和谓语,第2页,主语,:,一个句子中需要加以说明或描述对象。,主语位置：,普通位于句首,，由,名词、代词,、,数词或相当于名词词、短语等充当。,The school is far from here.,名词做主语,She goes to school by bike.,代词做主语,Eight is a lucky number.,数词做主语,Predicting the future is interesting.,动名词做主语,To be a doctor is my dream.,不定式短语做主语,第3页,谓语,表示人或事物,(,主语,),动作,和存在状态,.,英语中由,动词,be,、动词,have,和行为动词,来充当,谓语动词,句子,时态,和,语态,是经过谓语表现出来。,谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上,助动词或情态动词加上主要动词,组成。,分析句子主语和谓语,Mr.Li teaches English.,He can play the piano.,My parents and I are having dinner.,第4页,表语,用来说明主语身份、特征、性质、状态。,表语位置,用在,动词,be,和系动词后面,。,名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等,都能够和连系动词一起组成复合谓语。,Your pen is on the desk.,He got very angry.,My dream is to have a robot,第5页,常见系动词,1.be,动词,2.,与感觉相关动词,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,等,3.,表示状态改变动词，意为,“,变得,”,“,变成,”,如,get,grow,turn,等,上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词,作表语,千万不能用副词,。,第6页,宾语,是动作对象或承受者。,及物动词必,须跟宾语,.,及物动词,:,直接接宾语谓语动词,.,不及物动词,:,不能直接带宾语谓语动词,.,宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、,动名词、从句组成,.,I saw a plane in the sky just now.,名词做宾语,I want three.,数词做宾语,I like going shopping.,动名词做宾语,We think predicting the future is hard.,宾语从句,第7页,宾语补足语（宾补,）,有些及物动词除了,要有一个宾语之外,还须加上一个补足语。,假如没有补足语,(,宾补,),有时候句子意,思就不完整。,充当宾补有,:,1.,形容词作宾语补足语,The sun keeps us warm.,2.,介词短语作宾语补足语,:,I found her in the room.,第8页,3.,副词作宾语补足语。,Please let him in.,4.,名词作宾语补足语。,We made him monitor of the class.,5.,动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。,I asked him to come.,第9页,定语,定语修饰名词或代词,(,即在汉语里,),1.,形容词作定语,(,普通放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面,),They have a clever son.,I have,something important,to tell you.,第10页,2.,名词作定语,:,Is it a color film?,名词作定语普通用,单数,形式,如,:,school bus,ticket office,paper flowers,但也有例外,如,:sports meeting,clothes shop,man,和,woman,修饰名词假如是复数,它们总以复数形式作定语,如,:,men drivers,women doctors,第11页,3.,代词作定语,:This song is better than that one.,4.,数词作定语,:There are only thirty students in our class.,带有数字复合形容词,.,当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中名词要用单数形式,.,a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy,第12页,5.,副词作定语,(,放在被修饰词,之后,):,Do you know the young man over there?,6.,介词短语作定语,(,放在被修饰词,之后,):,The students in our class like swimming.,第13页,状语,修饰,动词,形容词或副词,有修饰全句,用以说明,地点,时间,方式,程度,原因,目标,结果,条件,让步,等,1.,副词作状语,:,The old man is walking slowly.,表方式,The boy is very clever.,表程度,2.,介词短语作状语,:,I have lived in Shanghai for five years.,表时间,第14页,3.,不定式作状语,I come here to see you.,表目标,4.,现在分词作状语,The teacher came in,holding a book in his hand.,表方式,5.,状语从句,Well go,shopping if it doesnt rain tomorrow.,第15页,状语位置,1.,在普通情况下,用于句末。,We like our school very much.,2.,为了强调状语,能够把它放在句首,.,I usually get up at six,but this morning I got up at eight.,3,.,表频度副词通惯用于句中,如,always,usually,often,hardly,never,用于,行为动词前,be,动词、助动词和情态动词后,第16页,I usually get up early.,He is often late.,一些副词,如,already,once,just,soon,yet,still,nearly,almost,really,suddenly,certainly,等使用方法相同,sometimes,now,能够位于句首,句中或句末,only,在句中位置比较灵活,但位置不一样,意义也不一样,.,The actor only sang a song.,Only the actor sang a song.,The actor sang only one song.,第17页,两个或多个状语同时修饰时次序,1.,地点状语在前,时间状语在后,.(,先时间后地点）,We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.,2.,较小单位状语在前,(,由小到大,),Mr.Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd.,Suzhou,Jiangsu.,3.,一个句子有几个不一样种类副词作状语,其次序大都是,:,程度副词,方式副词,地点副词,时间副词,She sang very well at the meeting last night,第18页,时间和地点状语也能够位于句首,表示强调或使上下文更为连贯,Usually I read the newspapers in the morning,but yesterday I read them in the evening.,第19页,预备知识,Subject,主语,?,Predicate,谓语,?,Object,宾语,?,Predicative,表语,?,Full Verb,实义行为,动词,?,Link Verb,连系动词,?,“简单句”,第20页,休要担心少要害怕,-,简单句（,Simple Sentences,）,就是,只包含,一个主谓结构,句子,-,它结构就是这么简单,所以才叫,简单句,啊,!,英语中千变万化句子归根结底都是由简单句五种基本句型组合、扩展、改变而来,只要把这些基本句型搞清楚,你就会游刃有余了,!-,呵呵,就像俺这么,:,Practice makes perfect!,-,熟能生巧,第21页,按,结构,分,一个完整,简单句,由,“,主语部分,+,谓语部分,”,组成,The man,is a teacher,.,主语部分,谓语部分,He,works hard.,主语部分,谓语部分,He,teaches English well,.,主语部分,谓语部分,第22页,造句关键就在于,动词,普通而言,每个句子都应该有个动词,(,除了省略句外,),第23页,动词,连系动词,主要动词,行为动词,助动词,辅助动词,情态动词,be(am is are was were)/seem/keep,是,/,好象,(,似乎,),是,/,保持,look/feel/taste/smell/sound,看,/,感觉,/,尝,/,闻,/,听起来,(,上去,),become/turn/get/grow,变得,不及物动词,laugh/smlie/look/listen,及物动词,see/hear/drank/eat,be(am/is/are/was/were),do/does/did,have/has/had,will/shall/be going to,can/may/must /shall/need,could/should/would/might,have(has)to/had better,第24页,系动词,be(am is are was were)/seem/keep/,是,/,好象,(,似乎,),是,/,保持,look/feel/taste/smell/sound,/,看,/,感觉,/,尝,/,闻,/,听起来,(,上去,),become/turn/get/grow,/,变得,表语,:,表示,主语,是什么,(,身份,),或者,怎么样,(,处于什么状态,),。,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词词或短语等充当。,和系动词一起组成谓语,也就是说,:,连系动词,后面就,/,才是,表语,!,He,is,a boy,.,She,is,a girl,.,They,are,students,.,They,are,good,.,He,looks/seems,ill,.,The apple,tastes,nice,.,Trees,turn,green,.,Your idea,sounds,good,.,主语 系动词 表语,第25页,连系动词,主,系,表,结构,（,S+V+P,）,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,Mr.Li,is,a good teacher,.,The movie,is,interesting/wonderful,.,He,feels,hungry,.,The flower,looks,beautiful,.,第26页,主语,Subject,:,表示句子所说是,“什么人”,或,“什么事物”,。,也就是,动作发出者,。,普通由,名词、代词,或相当于名词、代词词或短语等充当。,谓语,Predicate,:,说明主语,“做什么”,、,“是什么”,或者,“怎么样”,。,谓语（谓语部分里主要词）用,动词,。,宾语,Object,:,表示动作、行为,对象,。,也就是,动作接收者,。,普通由,名词、代词,或相当于名词词或短语等充当。,狗,咬,人,。,主语 谓语 宾语,人,咬,狗,。,主语 谓语 宾语,第27页,及物动词,是,后面能够直接跟宾语动词,:see/hear/drank/eat/,I,saw,him,last week.,We,heard,the bad news,yesterday.,They,eat,bread,every day.,He,drank,a glass of milk,just now.,不及物动词,是,后面不能够直接跟宾语动词,:laugh/smile/look/listen/,She,smiled,happily.,They,laughed,loudly.,假如要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助,:,She,look,at,the blackboard,carefully.,He,listened,to,his teacher,in class.,They,laughed,at,us,after the match.,什么是,及物动词,和,不及物动词,呢,?!,第28页,The doctor,listened,carefully.,The worker,ran,fast.,The boy,is fishing,.,The girl,dances,well.,The duck,is swimming,.,The woman,walks,slowly.,主,谓,结构,（,S+V,）,主语,+,谓语动词,不及物动词,第29页,He,likes,basketball game,.,He,plays,computer games,every day.,He,played,soccer,yesterday.,He,is playing,the guitar,now.,及物动词,主,谓,宾,结构,（,S+V+O,）,=,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,第30页,有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上区分了：,他们放风筝。,They,fly,the kites.,风筝在天上飞。,The kites,fly,in the sky.,第31页,He,gave,me,a present,.,She,teaches,us,.,She,teaches,English,.,She,teaches,us,English,.,She,told,me,a story,.,及物动词,主,谓,双宾,结构,（,S+V+Oi+Od,）,=,主语,+,谓语,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,第32页,能够用于这种句式动词主要有,(A)buy/build/catch/cut,/,choose/cook/find/get/keep/make/draw/do,He bought me a new bike.,也能够改为,for sb.,句式,He bought a new bike,for,me.,(B)give/take/send/bring/teach/show/tell/pay,/,write/read/sell/lend/pass/return/throw/offer/hand,She lent me a book.,也能够改为,to sb.,句式,She lent a book,to,me.,第33页,主,谓,宾,宾补,结构,（,S+V+O+O.C,）,=,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,He,told,me,to clean my room,.,I,saw,her,dancing,.,Our teacher,asks,us,to read English,every day,.,及物动词,第34页,能够用于这种句式动词主要有,let/make,sb.,do sth.,ask/tell/want/allow/wish/get/,sb.,to do sth.,expect/encourage/invite/teach,find/see/hear/watch/notice/feel,sb.,do sth.,sb.,doing sth.,help,sb.,(to)do sth.,第35页,hope,和,welcome,比较特殊我们能够说,:,I,hope,to visit your school.,I,hope,that you can visit our school.,I,wish,you to visit our school.,Welcome,to visit our school.,You are,welcome,to visit our school.,Welcome,to our school.,但不能够说：,I,hope,/,welcome,you,to visit our school,.,第36页,1,主系表型,She,is,a very good girl,.,(_,语,)(_,词,)(_,语,),The girl,is,very good,.,(_,语,)(_,词,)(_,语,),2,主谓型,_,式,:,They,laughed,.,The kites,fly,in the sky.,(_,语,)(_,词,)(_,语,)(_,词,),_,式,:,I,bought,a new bike,.,He,plays,volleyball.,(_,语,)(_,词,)(_,语,)(_,语,)(_,词,)(_,语,),_,式,:,She,told,me,a story,.,He,gave,me,a good book,.,(_,语,)(_,词,)(_,语,)(_,语,)(_,语,)(_,词,)(_,语,)(_,语,),_,式,He,asked,me,to help him,.,He,made,me,happy,.,(_,语,)(_,词,)(_,语,)(_,语,)(_,语,)(_,词,)(_,语,)(_,语,),原来也蛮简单哦,!,我来分析一下这些句子中所包含成份,第37页,1,主系表型,She,is,a very good girl,.,(,主语,)(,连系动词,)(,表语,),The girl,is,very good,.,(,主语,)(,连系动词,)(,表语,),2,主谓型,主谓式,:,They,laughed,.,The kites,fly,in the sky.,(,主语,)(,谓语动词,)(,主语,)(,谓语动词,),主谓宾式,:,I,bought,a new bike,.,He,plays,volleyball.,(,主语,)(,谓语动词,)(,宾语,)(,主语,)(,谓语动词,)(,宾语,),主谓宾宾式,:,She,told,me,a story,.,He,gave,me,a good book,.,(,主语,)(,谓语动词,)(,宾语,)(,宾语,)(,主语,)(,谓语动词,)(,宾语,)(,宾语,),主谓宾宾补式,He,asked,me,to help him,.,He,made,me,happy,.,(,主语,)(,谓语动词,)(,宾语,)(,宾语补足语,)(,主语,)(,谓语动词,)(,宾语,)(,宾语补足语,),keys,第38页,The boy is asleep.,The boy is sleeping.,主谓宾,主谓,The boy is playing the guitar.,His music is very beautiful.,It is beautiful music.,主系表,He is playing happily.,判断这些句子类型并,了解,be,动词双重身份,（连系动词,助动词）,第39页,