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Unit 6 When was it invented? Section B
1. The customer thought the potatoes were not thin enough.顾客认为这些土豆不够薄。
enough用作副词,意为“充分地,足够地,充足地”,充当形容词或副词修饰语,但必须后置。常与不定式或介词for连用,在句子中作状语,表示程度。例如:
He walks slowly enough for us to catch up with. 他走得够慢的了,我们能赶上。
This article is difficult enough to write. 这篇文章够难写得了。
归纳 ①enough可以作名词、代词,意思是“足够;充分”。作代词可以代替可数名词或不可数名词,在句中作主语或宾语。如:
Enough has been said on this subject. 关于这一问题说得已经足够多的了
No,thanks. I’ve had enough. 不,谢谢。我已吃饱了。(enough=enough food)
②当enough后的名词前有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词或其本身就是代词时,要用介词of。如:
We’ve had enough of your coldness. 我们已经受够了你的冷漠。
2. The customer said they were not salty enough. 顾客说它们不够咸。
salty作形容词意为“咸的”,其名词形式为salt。例如:
Salty food makes one thirsty. 咸的食物令人口渴。
The soup had a very salty taste. 汤的味道很咸。
归纳 表示味道的形容词:
tasty 味道好的,可口的 sweet 甜的 hot 辣的 sour 酸的 salty 咸的bitter 苦的 crisp 脆的 light 清淡的 fragrant 香的 delicious 好吃的,美味的
3. Photo chips were invented by mistake. 薯条是无意中被发明的。
by mistake“错误地;由于差错”,此时的mistake作名词,是可数名词,构成make a mistake “犯错误”。例如:
I took his schoolbag as mine by mistake. 我误将他的书包当作我的拿走了。
She made a mistake by taking the wrong textbook to class.
她犯了个错,上课拿错了课本。
辨析：error,mistake和fault
①error的使用范围较窄,意思是错误、过失,常指在计算、书写等过程中出现的“差错”,即“不精确、不正确”。例如:
This is an error in grammar. 这是一个语法上的错误。
②mistake范围较宽,可指各种错误,指由于粗心、疏忽、缺乏正确的理解等原因而造成的“错误”。例如:
You have made a mistake in your spelling. 你在拼写上弄错了。
③fault通常指人的“缺点、毛病”,也可表“过失、过错”,含有当事人对造成的过错有责任的意味。例如:
With all his faults,he is still a good comrade.
尽管他有缺点,但还是一个好同志。
4. The customer was happy in the end. 最后顾客高兴了。
in the end “最后;终于”,同义词为finally。例如:
You’ll get there in the end if you work hard!
你如果努力工作,最终会达到目的的。
辨析：in the end,at the end of和by the end of
(1)in the end是一个独立的短语,不与of连用,可放在句末,也可置于句首,此时常用逗号与主句分开。如:
In the end,Wang Ping got to the village.
最后王萍到达了那个村庄。
(2)at the end of...后接地点名词,表示“在……终点(尽头)”;后接时间名词,表示“在……结束时”。如:
Walk along the street,you’ll find the hospital at the end of the street.
沿这条街往前走,在街的尽头你就会找到这家医院。
(3)by the end of...意为“在……以前,到……为止”,常与将来时态和过去完成时态连用。如:
We will finish the work by the end of this year.
我们在年底以前就会完成这项工作。
5. It is over 100 years old and is played by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries. 篮球运动有100多年的历史了,有200多个国家1亿多人在打篮球。
more than “超过,多于”,同义词为over。例如:
She wishes to be treated as nothing more than a common girl.
她希望被对待得只不过像一般的女孩子。
We have despair of him;he can’t keep a job for more than six months. 我们对他已经绝望了,他做什么工作都不能超过半年。
归纳 数字前的修饰语:just 正好;only 仅仅;about=around 大约;more than=over 多于,超过;nearly 将近,几乎;less than 少于,不到。
6. Dr. Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game.奈史密斯医生将他班里的男生分成两队并教他们怎样玩他的新游戏。
divide作动词,意为“分开,分散”,后面常与介词into 连用。例如:
I hope this disagreement will not divide us.
我希望我们不会因这分歧而对立起来。
Friendship multiple joy and divide grieve. 朋友之间,欢乐同享,苦难同当。
归纳 divide的用法
①divide sth. among sb.把东西分给……
Divide the cake among you.这块蛋糕你们分了吃吧。
②be divided into意为“划分为”,divide...into意为“把……划分为……”。
This class is too large. We shall have to divide it for oral practice.
这个班级太大了,我们必须把它分成小班来做口语练习。
7. At the same time,they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.同时,他们需要去阻止对手将球投进他们自己的篮里。
(1)at the same time意为“同时”。例如:
She and I both arrived at the same time by pure coincidence.
我和她同时到达纯属巧合。
(2)stop sb./ sth. from doing sth. 阻止某事发生。例如:
What stopped him from coming here?
什么阻止他到这里来?
辨析：stop doing sth.和stop to do sth.
①stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”即“不做某事了”。例如:
He stopped watching TV and began to read English.
他停止看电视,开始读英语。
②stop to do sth. 意为“停下原来做的事,做下面的事”。例如:
He watched TV for an hour. At 8 he stopped to do his homework.
他看了一个小时的电视。八点钟他停下来(看电视)去做作业。
类似的还有:
try doing sth. 试着做某事 try to do sth. 努力做某事
can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 can’t help(to) do sth. 不能帮忙做某事
go on doing sth. 继续做原来的事情 go on to do sth. 继续做另外一件事
remember doing sth. 记得做过了某事
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(尚未做)
forgot doing sth. 忘记做过了某事(做了但却忘记了)
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事(尚未做)
8. Today,the popularity of basketball has risen around the world,with many young people dreaming of becoming famous players.今天,随着许多年轻人梦想成为篮球明星,篮球在世界范围内普及开来。
(1)popularity n. 受欢迎;普及。其形容词形式为popular流行的;受欢迎的。例如:
Television has robbed the cinema of its former popularity.电视使电影不如以往那么流行。
Her books have grown in popularity recently. 她的书近来大受欢迎。
(2)with或without+名词/代词 +分词。现在分词表示主动动作,即分词所表示的动作是由with后的宾语发出来的,过去分词表示被动动作,即分词所表示的动作是由with后的宾语来承受的。例如:
We found the house easily with the little boy leading the way.
在小男孩的带领下,我们轻松地找到了房子。
He sat in the chair with all the windows closed. 关着所有的窗户,他坐在椅子上。
归纳 with的用法
①“用……”,表示使用工具、手段等。例如:
We can walk with our legs and feet. 我们用腿脚行走。
He writes with a pencil. 他用铅笔写。
②“和……在一起”,表示伴随。例如:
Can you go to a movie with me?你能和我一起去看电影吗?
③“与……”。例如:
I’d like to have a talk with you. 我很想和你说话。
④“关于,对于”,表示一种关系或适应范围。例如:
What’s wrong with your watch?你的手表怎么了?
⑤“带有,具有”。例如:
He’s a tall kid with short hair.
他是个长着一头短发的高个子小孩。
⑥“在……方面”。例如:
Kate helps me with my English. 凯特帮我学英语。
⑦“随着,与……同时”。例如:
With these words,he left the room.
说完这些话,他离开了房间。
9. The number of foreign players,including Chinese players,in the NBA has increased. 在NBA,外国球员的数目,包括中国的球员也有所增加。
including同义于include“包括,包含”,但是including是介词。例如:
The band played many songs,including some of my favourites.
乐队演奏了许多歌曲,包括几首我最喜爱的。
10. Many young people look up to these basketball heroes...许多年轻人崇拜这些篮球英雄……
(1)look up to“尊敬;敬仰;赞美”,反义词组为look down upon“看不起”。如:
They all look up to their teacher. 他们都很钦佩他们的老师。
We look up to him as a hero.我们把他尊为英雄。
归纳 look的其他短语:
look after 照顾,照料 look ahead 向前看,着眼未来 look as if 看上去好像
look at 看着 look around/about 四处看看,四下环顾 look back 回头看;回顾
look down upon(on) 看不起,轻视 look forward to 盼望,期待
look into 朝……看去;调查 look like 看上去像 look on 旁观,观望
look on...as...把……看作…… look out 当心,留神,警惕
look through 浏览,翻阅,温习,仔细查看;透过……看
例1 Sorry,I haven’t_________ money_________ buy the new iPad.
A. such;that B. too;to C. enough;to
【解析】考查动词不定式的用法。money为名词,所以排除B项;后面接动词原形buy,应为不定式用法。故选C。
【答案】C
例2 Don’t drink the soup. It smells_________.
A. nice B. delicious C. salty D. terrible
【解析】考查形容词的词义辨析。由上句“别喝这汤”可知,答案选D项,意为“糟糕的”;而nice“好的”;delicious“美味可口的”;salty“咸的“均不合句意,故排除。
【答案】D
例3Lisa was so careless that she made many spelling _________ in her homework.
A. plans B. decisions C. grades D. mistakes
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。plan计划;decision决定;grade年级,分数;mistake错误。句意:丽莎是如此粗心以至于她的作业有很多拼写错误。根据句意,所以选择答案D。
【答案】D
例4 A year has four seasons and it _________ twelve different star signs.
A. divided into B. is dividing into
C. divided into D. is divided into
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:一年有四个季节,并且被分为十二个星座。“被分为”,应用被动形式,其构成是be+过去分词,故选D。
【答案】D
例5The Great Green Wall can stop the wind and sand_________ to the rich land in the south of China.
A. move B. to move C. from moving
【解析】考查动词短语搭配。stop sb. /sth. from doing....意为“阻止某人或某物做某事”。句意为:绿色防护林阻止风沙侵入,保护南方肥沃的土地。所以选择答案C。
【答案】C
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