关于做笔记.doc

Note-taking is a very important skill in integrated writing. But the
development of the skill requires painstaking efforts on the part of the students. Here are some tips for students to get skillful in note-taking.
1. Follow a certain order
In note-taking, students should follow either the vertical or
horizontal order in listening to a specific passage. They mustn’t take notes wherever they want. It will be hard for them to retrieve the information from their minds when need be.
2. Note down the content words
In most cases, the key words are the content words such as nouns, verbs, or adjectives, that have a statable lexical meaning, rather than indicating a syntactic function, as function words do. For example, in the following paragraph: First of all, the public is likely to have greater exposure to fossils as a result of commercial fossil trade, not less exposure. Commercial fossil hunting makes a lot of fossils available for purchase. And as a result, even low-level public institutions, like public schools and libraries, can now routinely buy interesting fossils and display them for the public, the key words to be taken down are as follows: public, exposure, fossil hunting, available, purchase, low-level institutions, buy, display.
3. Use abbreviations
Even if students are just required to write down the content words, time will not be enough for them if they intend to write down the complete forms of words. Under such circumstances, they have to use abbreviations of the following types: ① the initial letters. Students may use expo- to represent exposure, avai- to stand for available and pur- to represent purchase; they may use NY, BJ, Chi, Jap and Ger to stand for New York, Bei Jing, Chicago, Japan or Japanese, Germany or German respectively. ② the abbreviations from QQ or MSN. Students may use R, U, C and 2day to represent are, you, see and today. ③ the omission of vowels. Students may use rdng for reading, bkgd for background and gvt for government. ④ various symbols. Go over the following examples.
“→” : go, move, reach, arrive, get to, export, emigrate, transmit, send, deploy;
eg. China’s export to Japan Chi→Jap
go abroad → 外
“↑”: increase, raise, heighten, on the rise, on the increase, go up, expand, extend, get better, lengthen；
eg. increased by 55% ↑55%
“↑↑”: skyrocket, soar, increase dramatically/ drastically/ sharply;
“↓” decrease, decline, drop, dip, reduce, lower, go down, dwindle, shrink, diminish, fall, get worse, worsen, in decline, on the decrease;
eg. The ticket sales of the movie market have been in decline for the late
half of the 20th century. tic sal movie ↓/ 20th c
“↓↓”: a serious decline, a sharp decrease;
“>” outnumber, more than, bigger than, larger than, surpass, exceed, be
superior to, more and more, -odd;
eg. Male comedians outnumber female ones. mal > fem
“<” be less than, be inferior to, not as…as, not so…as;
“∵” because, on account of, on this account, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a consequence of, result from;
“∴” so, therefore, as a result, in consequence, result in;
“=” be equal to, equal, amount to, the same as, as…as;
“≈” be similar to, look like, about, or so, resemble, around;
“√” right, correct, reasonable, rational, plausible, good, approve of,
approval, be for, permission;
“x” wrong, incorrect, unreasonable, irrational, implausible, disapprove of, be against, disapproval, prohibition, prevent, prohibit, hinder.
In order to clarify the ways of note-taking, I’d like to cite one
example here.
[Notes]

dra maj cam tick sales ↓ 20/c
act
dir
1940s tv impc –movi
/ week atten thea 80mill ↓12 mill 1970s
hig pri ↓↓ movi indu
[Note-based information retelling]
Drama majors want to be cameramen, actors or directors. But
ticket sales in the movie market were in decline in the late half of the
20th century. The appearance of TV in the 1940s had great impact on the
movie industry. Theatre weekly attendance rates declined from 80
million in 1940s to 12 million in 1970s. Despite the higher ticket price,
movie industry was in serious decline.
[Listening passage]
While almost every drama major would like to enter the film industry as a cameraman, director or actor，It is important to realize that the ticket sales of the movie market have been in a decline for the later half of the 20th century. In the 1940’s, before the spread of television which had a severe impact on the movie industry, weekly attendance rates for theaters were around 80 million; by the 1970’s, weekly rates had dipped to a low point of around 12 million. Even when the higher ticket prices are considered, this represented a serious decline in the movie industry.
Frequent use of such symbols will familiarize students with these
symbols and improve students’ efficiency in note-taking. But students must take down the notes based on their real understanding of the listening material. Meanwhile, they have to store the acquired information in their short-term memory. If the students fail to do these two, even if they have noted down the key words, they can not recall the information from the material after they have actually finished with the passage. And do remember: note-taking should not interfere with one’s listening.