后缀讲义 Suffixes.doc

Suffixes

1． -able, -ible (mostly after t)—that can ~s or that can be ~ed or full of ~ perishable provable knowledgeable v-a n-a [如果-able前音节本为重音，新词重音前移一音节，否则不变]
2． -acea—a scientific name for a family in zoology n [‘-acea]
3. –aceae—scientific name for a family in botany n [‘-aceae]
4. –aceous—adj form of words ending in –acea or –aceae n-a [‘aceous]
5. –acious—adj form of words ending in –acity sagacious n-a [acious]
6. –acity—n form of words e7nding in –acious a-n sagacity [‘acity]
7. –acle—thing obstacle spectacle n [‘-acle]
8. –acy—n form of adj ending in –ate accuracy obstinacy [重音不变]
9. –ade—v-n or drinks blockade lemonade [‘ade]
10. –age—state, cost, measurement, act v-n postage usage wreckage
11. –ain—person or number of lines villain quatrain
12. –aire—person or thing [‘aire]
13. –al, -ial—n-adj oral mental postal managerial [-al不影响重音，’-ial]
14. –algia—pain odontalgia nostalgia
15. –ality—n form of adj ending in –al mentality morality [‘ality]
16. –ana, -iana—things relating to Victoriana, Shakespeariana [‘ana]
17. –ance, -ancy, -ence, -ency, -ant, -ent [n; adj and/or n]—excellence vigilance tenant [‘-]
18. –ane—a substance methane
19. –aneity—n form of words ending in –aneous spontaneity [‘neity]
20. –aneous—adj form of words ending in –aneity spontaneous [‘aneous]
21. –ard, -art—person or thing (often derog.) braggart drunkard
22. –arian—n or adj or both vegetarian utilitarian humanitarian [‘arian]
23. –arium—place or container aquarium [‘arium]
24. –ary—n or adj or both ordinary contemporary military adversary [‘--ary]
25. –ase—酶 (enzyme)
26. –ate—v adj or n (chem.) salt activate regulate vacate passionate senate [‘--ate]
27. –atic—adj of n ending in –ate, -sy, -cy, -m or after a root climatic ecstatic aquatic
28. –ation—n of verbs ending in –ate or –te etc animation invitation variation
29. –ative—adj of n ending in –ation speculative illustrative [重音与原动词相同]
30. –ator—doer educator, instigator [重音与原动词相同]
31. –bility—n of words ending in –able or –ible stability ability [‘bility]
32. –cracy, -crat, -cratic—rule democracy aristocratic democrat [‘-cracy, ‘--crat, ‘cratic]
33. –craft—skill woodcraft statecraft
34. -dom—state, realm freedom stardom, martyrdom
35. –dynia—pain
36. –ectasis—expansion
37. –ectomy—cut
38. –ee—who ~s or who is ~ed trustee addressee referee absentee [‘ee]
39. –eer—n person v engineer auctioneer domineer profiteer [‘eer]
40. –emia—blood anemia leukemia [‘emia]
41. –en—v make adj made of weaken wooden
42. –end, -and—n dividend
43. –eous—adj homogeneous contemporaneous courageous [‘-eous]
44. –eity—n form of adj ending in –eous [‘eity]
45. –er, -or, -ar—doer reader educator beggar [重音同原词]
46. –ern—adj of n of directions eastern
47. –ery—place or state fishery bribery monastery [‘--ery]
48. –escence—the process of becoming or beginning adolescence convalescence [‘escence]
49. –escent giving off light or showing a color; adj or words ending in –escence phosphorescent
50. –ese—n or adj of nationality or language; language officialese
51. –esque—adj arabesque Kafkaesque
52. –ess—indicating being a female waitress
53. –etic—adj of n ending in –esis or –pathy mimetic pathetic antipathetic [‘etic]
54. –ette—female or small thing [‘ette]
55. –ey, -y—n-adj –ey after vowel clayey sunny
56. –fashion—in the manner of Indian-fashion
57. –ferous—that produces auriferous [‘-ferous]
58. –fic—adj specific beatific [‘-fic]
59. –fier—doer of v ending in –fy signifier
60. –fold—of the stated number or times manifold twofold
61. –friendly—convenient for user-friendly
62. –ful—n or adj mouthful bashful
63. –fy, -ify—v make ~ beautify certify clarify stupefy
64. –faction, -fication—n or v ending in –fy or –ify satisfaction clarification
65. –gamy, -gamous—of the stated kind of marriage polygamy bigamy bigamous [‘-gamy, ‘-gamous]
66. –genarian—n and adj of the stated age octogenarian sexagenarian [‘arian]
67. –hood—state, collective noun
68. -iety—n piety propriety sobriety [‘iety]
69. –i—adj or n Israeli Pakistani
70. –ian—n or adj esp n of adj ending in –tic Canadian mathematician [‘-ian]
71. –iasis—disease urolithiasis [‘iasis]
72. –ic—n or adj catholic lunatic heretic
73. –ical—adj
74. –ice—n avarice
75. –ician—n of some adj ending in –ic or –ical logician
76. –icity—n of adj ending in –ic specificity
77. –ics—study discipline
78. –id—adj of Latin origin rapid languid candid rigid
79. –ide—化合物
80. –ie, -y—name of endearment doggie
81. –ier—n cashier glazier
82. –ile—adj juvenile senile agile hostile
83. –ility—n of adj ending in –ile
84. –ine—adj or n alkaline
85. –ing—present participle or material bedding wrapping clothing
86. –ion—n derived from v union companion
87. –ish—diminutive or derogatory bluish purplish womanish
88. –ise, -ize—cause to become realize organize digitalize poetize
89. –ism—doctrine state alcoholism absenteeism Americanism imperialism
90. –ist—person psychologist fascist
91. –istic, -istical—realistic pessimistic optimistic
92. –ite—adj or n or v ignite favorite appetite
93. –ition—n of v ending in –ite or –ete or -ize competition ignition recognition
94. –itive—adj or n of words ending in –ition competitive additive []重音同动词]
95. –itis—infection bronchitis hepatitis arthritis [‘itis]
96. –itor—doer of v ending in –ite or n ending in –ition [‘-itor]
97. –itude, -tude—adj-n Latin origin magnitude attitude longitude latitude altitude [‘--tude]
98. –itudinal, -tudinal—adj of n ending in –tude [‘tudinal]
99. –ity, -ty—quality reality verity longevity surety [‘-ity]
100. –ive—adj or n of n ending in –ion or after s, t [重音同动词] passive impressive oppressive
101. –ivity—n of adj or n ending in –ive captivity passivity negativity
102. –ization, -isation—n of v ending in –ize improvisation
103. –latrous—adj of worship idolatrous
104. –latry—worship heliolatry
105. –led—taking ~ as a leading force export-led
106. –lent, -ulent—full of virulent fraudulent turbulent [‘--lent]
107. –less—without n-a
108. –let—small thing riverlet bracelet anklet
109. –like—like, proper for womanlike soldier-like gentelmanlike
110. –ling—small thing duckling underling
111. –logue—talk monologue dialogue
112. –logy—study ecology
113. –ly—adj-adv; n-adj
114. –lysis—dissolution, relaxation paralysis analysis
115. –lyst—person or thing catalyst
116. –lytic, -lytical—adj
117. –malacia—软化
118. –mania—obsession monomania
119. –maniac—person monomaniac
120. –maniacal—a monomaniacal
121. –manship—qualities associated with a profession
122. –ment—v-n establishment government development imprisonment
123. –ness adj-n abstract n
124. –nik—person keen on something beatnik
125. –oid—shape adj anthropoid
126. –ol—醇，酚
127. –ological—adj biological
128. –ologist—person psychologist
129. –ology—study n ecology
130. –oma—tumor carcinoma
131. –on—particle electron neutron
132. –orium—place auditorium
133. –ory—n or adj derogatory factory accessory
134. –ose—n substance or adj grandiose bellicose
135. –osis—condition metamorphosis
136. –osity—n of adj ending in –ose or –ous excluding –eous or –uous pomposity
137. –ot—person zealot patriot
138. –ous—adj [n –osity, -uity, -eity] zealous arduous ingenuous
139. –para—giving birth nullipara
140. –penia—deficiency
141. –pexy—fixation
142. –phile—someone who likes anglophile bibliophile
143. –philia—n
144. –philiac—a
145. –phobe—someone who hates or is afraid of xenophobe [‘--phobe]
146. –phobia—n xenophobia [‘phobia]
147. –phobic—a [‘phobic]
148. –plasty—formation labioplasty
149. –plegia—paralysis—hemiplegia
150. –poiesis—production hemopoiesis
151. –proof—adj or n resistant of waterproof bullet-proof
152. –ptosis—下垂 gastroptosis
153. –rhagia, -rrhagia—sudden eruption gastrorrhagia
154. –rhaphy,-rrhaphy—缝合 tenorrhaphy
155. –ridden—afflicted by the stated condition bed-ridden poverty-ridden -stricken
156. –ry—adj or v-n masonry poetry mimicry
157. –scape—scenery landscape cityscape seascape
158. –sclerosis—硬化 arteriosclerosis
159. –ship—state, position, condition, collective noun leadership relationship friendship
160. –sion—v-n d-s invasion occasion
161. –speak—jargon artspeak
162. –sphere—circle biosphere atmosphere
163. –tion—v-n t, te relation digestion
164. –tonia—tension myotonia
165. –ty—adj-n certainty difficulty
166. –ular—adj of some words ending in –ule or –le muscular spectacular
167. –ule—diminutive capsule muscle
168. –ulate—diminutive of verbs undulate ejaculate
169. –ward, -wards—in the stated direction adj or adj & adv
170. –ways—in the stated direction—lengthways
171. –wise—in the stated way or aspect clockwise populationwise
172. –wright—maker shipwright playwright
后缀与重音
后缀与词义分工：compose composed composite composition composure
importation importance exceptional exceptionable competition competence
后缀与语义链：exist-existent-existential-existentialism
后缀与词性：pattern（注意：有些加在词后面，有些加在词根后面）
n-a –y, -ful, -less –ous, -ent, -ant, -ary, -ory, ,-ly, etc
a-n –cy, -ity, -ness, -ty, -ery, etc
a. n-v –en, -fy, -ize, -ate, etc
v-n –tion, -sion, -ment, -ence, -ance, -ent, -ant, -ency, -ancy, -ry, -al etc
a-v –ly
v-a –ive, -ous, -ent, -ant, etc
词形转换的核心：语法功能，英译汉的局限（从对应翻译到感觉，核心词汇）
词形转换与句型转换

The performance was impressive.
The performance impressed him very much.
He had a wonderful impression of the performance.

1. I don’t like ___________ (fog) weather.
2. David is at a _____________ (criticism) stage in the illness.
3. British voters are much more _________________ (sophisticate) than they were in the 60’s.
4. A lot of people make the ________________ (assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World.
5. The President has again ___________ (collision) with Congress over his budget plans.
6. History is _________ (repletion) with scenes of cruelty.
7. Many workers said they wouldn’t ____________ (intolerable) the long hours.
8. I wasn’t ________ (over) impressed with her performance.
9. In the world of baby care, common sense has given way to competition and _____________ (connoisseur).
10. Sometimes I wonder if there’s any _____________ (just) in this world.
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