M6U1-Grammar.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,M6U1Grammar and Usage,Overview:,infinitive,verb-ing&verb-ed(I),1,非谓语动词,过去分词,:v-ed,不定式,:(to)do,v-ing,形式,动名词,现在分词,2,Review the general function of non-finite,verbs(Tickor),非谓语动词,成分,主,语,谓,语,宾,语,表,语,定,语,补,语,状,语,(to)do,(,不定式,),v-ing,(,动名词,),v-ing,(,现在分词,),v-ed,(,过去分词,),3,(,一,),不定式和动名词作主语,I.,不定式作主语时,可以用,it,作形式主语,.,1.It is,important,_ Tom to get that job.,2.It is,kind,_ you to help me with my,English.,for,of,总结,:It is+adj.+for/of sb to do sth,的结构中,若此形容词是说明的是不定式的性质时,则用,_;,若说明的是人,(sb.),的特性,则用,_.,It is nice_ you to help me with my English.,2.It is necessary _ you to improve your,spoken English.,of,for,for,of,4,II.,动名词作主语有以下两个习惯表达法,1.It is no use(good)+,动名词,.,做某事没用,(,不好,),e.g.,*Its no use crying over spilt milk.,_,。,*在公共场合随地吐痰,(spit),不好。,_.,*,未来的事无法知道。,_.,2.There is no+doing(,动名词,).,(=It is impossible to do sth.),覆水难收,Its no good spitting in public,There is no knowing what will happen,5,1.,散步是锻炼的一种好方法。,2.,教这些孩子是我今天下午的工作。,Walking is a good form of exercise.,To teach these children is my job this,afternoon.,III.,动名词和不定式作主语的区别,6,总结,:,不定式和动名词作主语的区别,to do,作主语时,常表示某一次具体的动作,具有偶然性,;,doing(,动名词,),表示习惯性的动作,往往表,抽象概念。,注意,:,该规则同样适用于作宾语,表语。,比如,:like to do/like doing,Practice,-What do you think made Mary so upset?,-_ her new bike.,A.As she lostB.Lost,C.Losing D.Because of losing,C,7,用,不定式,作宾语往往指具体的或一次性的行为，而,动名词,指概括性、经常性的动作。,这类动词常用的有：,like,love,prefer,hate,start,begin,continue,等。,e.g.I like reading/to read,China Daily.,e.g.Lets continue playing/to play the PC games.,(,二,),不定式,/,动名词作宾语,8,只能是,动词不定式作宾语,e.g.He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.,e.g.I refuse to accept whatever you buy for me.,9,记忆口诀：,决心学会想希望，,拒绝设法愿假装，,主动应答选计划，,同意请求帮一帮。,decide/determine,learn,want,hope/,expect/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help,10,高考链接：,We agreed _ here,but so far she,hasnt turned up yet.,A.having met B.meeting,C.to meet D.to have met,11,只能是,动名词作宾语,e.g.I would,appreciate you calling back,tonight.,e.g.I regret not having taken your advice.,e.g.Hearing what happened in Sichuan,many people couldnt help crying.,12,记忆口诀：,考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，,避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏，,禁止想象才冒险，不禁建议准逃亡。,consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon,admit,delay/put off,fancy,avoid,miss keep/keep on,practise,deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,forbid,imaging,risk,cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape,13,某些特殊动词：,forget,remember,regret,stop,try,mean,go on,cant help;,want,need,require,deserve,14,高考链接：,The light in the office is still on.,Oh,I forgot _.,turning it off B.turning it off,C.to turn it off D.having turned it off,2.You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.,Well,now I regret _ that.,A.to do B.to be doing,C.to have done D.having done,15,e.g,.My favorite hobby is to collect/collecting old coins.,e.g.Our aim is to help the old lead a happy life.,(,三,),不定式,/,动名词,/,现在分词,/,过去分词作表语,（跟在系动词后）,不定式和动名词的区别,1.,表示一般的概念时，不定式和动名词可以互换。,2.,表示具体的个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。,16,动名词做表语时，可与主语换位，回答,what,的问题；现在分词作表语时，表示主语的性质和特征，回答,how,的问题。,e.g.My job is teaching.,e.g.The news is surprising.,动名词和现在分词的区别,17,现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。现在分词表示,“令人,的”,，过去分词表示,“感到,的”，,常见的分词有：,amazed/amazing,annoyed/annoying,interested/interesting,pleased/pleasing,surprised/surprising,satisfied/satisfying,amused/amusing,现在分词和过去分词的区别,18,Translation,1.,有人认为如果一本书是有趣的，它一定会使读者感兴趣的。,It is believed that if a book is _,it will surely make the reader _.,2.,先生、女士们，请一直坐到飞机已完全停下。,Ladies and gentlemen,please remain _until the plane has completely stopped.,interesting,interested,seated/sitting,19,(,四,),不定式,/,动名词,/,分词作定语,1.She has no pencil _.,A.to write with B.to write about,C.to write D.write in,2.She said she had a important meeting,_.,A.to attend in B.to attend,C.attend D.attending,A,B,若作定语的动词不定式是,vi,后必须要有介词。,I.,不定式作定语,20,不定式,做,定语,时，表将要发生的动作,:,(1)to do,表示事情由句子主语自己做,;,(2)to be done,表示事情由别人做,3.Tomorrow Ill go back,I have nothing _(take)home.Do you have anything _.(take),to take,to be taken,-Do you have anything more _,sir?,-No.You can have a rest or do something else.,A.typingB.to be typed,C.typedD.to type,B,21,4.Im thirsty.Would you please give me,something _.,A.drunk B.to drink,C.to be drunk D.for drinking,5.He is always the first _ questions.,A.to answer B.answering,C.to be answered D.being answered,B,A,不定式,常作,不定代词,和,序数词,的后置定语。,22,不定式作定语总结：,1.,若作定语的动词不定式是,vi,后必须,要有介词,;,2.(1)to do,表示事情由句子主语自己做,;,(2)to be done,表示事情由别人做,;,3.,不定式,常作,不定代词,和,序数词,的,后置定语。,23,II.,动名词与现在分词作定语的区别,总结,:,(1),动名词,作定语,表示所修饰的名词的,功能或用途,可用,for,改写,；,(2),现在分词,作定语,表示“主动,/,正在进,行”或“令人感觉,”,，与它所修饰,的名词是逻辑上的主谓关系，,可用定语,从句改写。,swimming pool,waiting room,walking stick,a sleeping car =a car _ _,a sleeping child=a child _ _ _,for sleeping,who is sleeping,24,III.,不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别,时态不同：不定式作定语通常指将要发生的动作；现在分词指正在进行的动作；过去分词指已经完成的动作。,e.g.I have three letters to write.,e.g.Do you know the man sitting in the middle?,e.g.Have you read any stories written by Lu Xun?,飘雪,_,落叶,_,falling snow,fallen leaves,25,Practice,The court hears about 120 cases a year and visitors are welcome to see a case _.,A.arguingB.to be argued,C.to be arguingD.being argued,2.Anyone _ bags,boxes,or whatever,was stopped by the police.,A.seen carryB.seen carrying,C.saw to carry D.saw carrying,D,B,26,现在分词的完成式一般不能作后置定语，除非是非限制性的后置定语。,e.g.This is the question,having been discussed,for years.,e.g.This is the question,discussed,for years.,e.g.The question,having been discussed for years,has been solved now.,(),(),(),27,being+adj,不能用作后置定语。,e.g.Anyone,being fit for this job,can sign your name here.,e.g.Anyone,(who is)fit for this job,can sign your name here.,(),(),28,(,五,),补足语,:,主语补足语,&,宾语补足语,The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the,street,but his mother told him _.,A.not to B.not to do,C.not do it D.do not to,A,I.,常可以跟,to do,做宾补或主补的动词有,1.allow sb.,to do sth.,ask/get/advise/encourage/expect/force/forbid/,order/teach/tell/want/warn/wish,等。,2.,使役,/,感官动词的被动语态常作主补,have/make/see,sb.,do sth.,(,宾补,),sb.,be made,to do sth,.,(,主补,),29,II.,只能跟,do(,不含,to,的不定式,),作宾补的动词,感官动词,/,使役动词,III.,分词作宾补,1.,感官动词,+sb/sth.+v-ed/v-ing,2.with sb/sth.+v-ing/v-ed/to do,3.leave/have sb/sth.+v-ing/v-ed,e.g.We heard her,singing,next door.,e.g.We heard her often,sing,next door.,e.g.We heard the song,sung,by her.,e.g.We heard the song,being sung,next door.,主动完成,主动进行,被动进行,被动完成,30,Practice,Please remind me _ the medicine,tomorrow.,A.takenB.taking,C.to takeD.take,2.We looked everywhere for the keys,but,they were nowhere _.,A.to find B.to have found,C.to be foundD.being found,C,C,31,3.He looked around and caught a man _,his hand into the pocket of a passenger.,A.put B.to be putting,C.to put D.putting,4.Though I have often heard this song _.,I have never heard you _ it.,A.being sung,sangB.sang,singing,C.sung,sing D.to be sung,to sing,D,C,32,(,四,),状语,(1).John raised his voice _.,A.to make himself heard,B.making himself heard,C.to make himself hear,D.making himself hear,(2).Mr.Smith arrived home _.,A.to find his purse steal,B.to find his purse stolen,C.find his purse stolen,D.finding his purse steal,(3).He hurried to the station only,_(find)the train left.,B,A,(,表目的,),(,表结果,),to find,(,表意料之外结果,),33,状语总结,:,不定式作状语,表目的,/,结果,(,往往指,意料之外的结果,),但要注意其逻辑主语应,与句子的主语保持一致,.,All these gifts must be mailed at once_ in,time for Christmas.,A.in order to have received,B.in order to receive,C.so as to be received,D.so as to be receiving,C,34,状语总结,:,2.,分词作状语,*,v-ing:,主动、正在进行,/,表意料之外的结果,*,v-ed:,被动、已完成,*当分词的动作前无自己的逻辑主语，则,将其主语看成主句的主语，而此时若表被,动常省略掉从句中的主语和系动词,*If you put more salt into the soup,you will find it,more delicious,=Putting,more salt into the soup,you will find,*,When he was,asked about his family,he made,no answer.,(When)Asked,about his family,he,made.,35,*,现在分词作状语时,其,逻辑主语,必须,与句子,的主语相同,;,如果不相同,分词前必须加上,自己的主语,这种结构被称为独立主格结构。,E.g:,The moon,appearing,we,began to set off.,If time permits,I will stay for another week.,=_,I will stay for another week.,Time permitting,36,(,五,),下列词通常为以下形式出现,-,垂悬状语,judg,ing,from/by,suppos,ing,consider,ing,tak,ing,into consideration/account,generally/strictly/frankly/roughly speak,ing,speak,ing,of,providing/provided(,倘若,),give,n(,就,而言,),compare,d,with/to,to,tell(you)the truth=,to,be honest,to,make matters worse,37,(,六,),非谓语动词的常见变形,1.,不定式,to do,一般式,to be done,一般式的被动语态,to have done,完成式,to have been done,完成式的被动语态,for/of sb.,to do sth,不定式复合结构,2.,动名词,doing,一般式,being done,被动,sbs,doing,动名词复合结构,38,3.,分词,doing,主动,/,正在进行,being done,正在进行的动作的被动,having done,该动作早于谓语动词的动作,having been done,完成式的被动语态,done,被动,/,已完成,sb./sth.,doing,独立主格结构,sb./sth.,done,独立主格结构,4.,所有非谓语动词的否定是，都是将,not,前置,5.,非谓语动词的前后结构要对称。,39,必背,常见的带不定式的短语：,be supposed to do,应该做某事,go all out to do,全力以赴做某事,have the nerve to do,有胆量做某事,have a great mind to do,很想做某事,make up ones mind to do,决定做某事,make a point to do,坚持做某事,prepare oneself to do,有思想准备做某事,take the trouble to do,不辞辛苦地做某事,40,必背,常见的带介词,to,的短语：,be used to,习惯,be related to,与,有关,get down to,着手做,be addicted to,沉溺于,put one,s mind to,全神贯注于,give rise to,引起,stick to,坚持,be equal to,胜任,object to,反对,devote oneself to,献身于,lead to,导致,be opposed to,反对,look forward to,盼望,41,Module 6 Unit1,Grammar and Usage,非谓语动词复习专项练习,42,专练,Keys:,1-5:ABAAB;6-10:CBCDA,11-15:DACAA;16-20:AADCD,21-25:BDDBA;26-30:BDBBA,31-35:DDBBC;36-40:ABDCB,41-45:BCAAA,43,She took her son,ran out of the house,_,him in the car and drove quickly to the,nearest doctors office.,A.putB.to put,C.putting D.having put,2.Hearing the news,he rushed out,_,the book _ on the table and disappeared,into the distance.,A.left;lain open,B.leaving;lying open,C.leaving;lie opened,D.left;lay opened,A,B,44,3.The old professor told us every part of the,materials should be made use of _ the,power station.,A.to buildB.building,C.build D.built,4.Most of the people_ to the party were,famous scientists.,A.invited,B.to invite,C.being invited,D.inviting,5.When youre learning to drive,_ a,good teacher makes a big difference.,A.haveB.having,C.and haveD.and having,A,A,B,45,6.I felt it a great honour _ to speak to,you.,A.to askB.asking,C.to be asked D.having asked,7.Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he,had to _ some schools for poor children.,A.set upB.setting up,C.have set upD.having set up,8.-Mum,why do you always make me eat an,egg every day?,-_ enough nutrition as you are growing up.,A.Get B.Getting,C.To getD.to be getting,C,B,C,46,9.The man you referred to _ just now.,A.comesB.come,C.coming D.came,10.I think this is the very work that we must,finish _ her.,A.to helpB.help,C.helpingD.helped,11.The old house we paid a visit _ at the,top of the hill.,A.standingB.to stand,C.to standingD.to stands,D,A,D,47,12._ the road round to the right and,youll find his house.,A.FollowB.Following,C.To followD.Followed,13._ the road round to the right,the,blind man asked a boy to guide him.,A.FollowB.Following,C.To followD.Followed,14._ your hand over your mouth when,you cough.,A.PutB.Putting,C.To putD.To be putting,A,C,A,48,15.He is a man of few words,and seldom,speaks until _ to.,A.spokenB.speaking,C.speak D.be spoken,16.After describing the planned improvements,she went on _ how much they would,cost.,A.to explainB.explaining,C.to be explainingD.having explained,17.Certainly I posted your letterI remember,_ it.,A.postingB.to post,C.to be postingD.have posted,A,A,A,49,18.Remember _ off the light when _,to bed.,A.turning;goingB.to turn;to go,C.turning;to goD.to turn;going,19.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard,time.,A.settledB.setting,C.to settleD.being settled,20.The life he is now used _ quite different,from ours.,A.is B.to be,C.to being D.to is,D,C,D,50,21.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for,the old couple,but it remains _,whether they will enjoy it.,A.to seeB.to be seen,C.seeingD.seen,22._ to the party,Tony was very unhappy.,A.having not been invited,B.not having invited,C.having not invited,D.not having been invited,23.-Which sweater is yours?,-The one _ No.9.,A.that markedB.was marked with,C.which markedD.marked with,B,D,D,51,24.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air_ against your face.,A.moved,B.moving,C.moves,D.to move,25.The girl_ under that tree is my sister.,A.sitting,B.sits,C.is sitting,D.sat,26.The more you practise _ English,the,better your _ English will be.,A.to speak;speaking,B.speaking;spoken,C.spoken;spoken,D.spoken;speaking,B,A,B,52,27.Anna is often heard _songs in her,room.,A.sung B.singing,C.sing D.to sing,28.I went _a balloon but I didnt see,anyone _ balloons.,A.to buy;to sell B.to buy;selling,C.buying;selling D.buying;to sell,29.This soup is cold;it needs _.,A.to heat B.to be heated,C.being hot D.heated,D,B,B,53,30.Although swimming is his favourite sport,yet he doesnt like _ today.,A.to swim B.swimming,C.swim D.to have swim,31.No one was surprised at _ the,examination.,A.he passing B.his pass,C.him pass D.his passing,32.Anna spends one hour a day _ spoken,English.,A.practise B.to practise,C.on practising D.in practising,A,D,D,54,33.Dick made it _ to all his friends.,A.to know B.known,C.know D.knowing,34._,she felt quite shy at the party.,A.As she a stranger,B.Being a stranger,C.According to a stranger,D.She like a stranger,35.Every morning he gets up early and,practises _ and then _ to school.,A.to read English;go,B.reading English;going,C.reading English;goes,D.of reading English;goes,B,B,C,55,36.Its no use_ with him.You might as,well _ with a stone wall.,A.arguing;argue,B.to argue;arguing,C.arguing;arguing,D.to argue;argue,37.The old mans _ pity on the snake led,to his own death.,A.take B.taking,C.being taken D.have taken,38.The murderer was brought in,with his,hands _ behind his back.,A.being tiedB.having tied,C.to be tied D.tied,A,B,D,56,39.Youll regret _ those words.You may,hurt her feelings.,A.say B.to say,C.sayingD.to have said,40.Excuse me for _ in without _.,A.coming;asking,B.coming;being asked,C.to come;asking,D.to come;being asked,41.There is no question of _ able to finish,it himself.,A.Tom wasB.Toms being,C.Toms be D.Tom is,C,B,B,57,42.The new shopping center _ now will,be put into use at the end of this year.,A.built,B.be built,C.being built,D.to be built,43.The boy had his leg _ while playing,football.,A.broken,B.break,C.breaking,D.broke,A,C,58,44.The problem requires _.,A.studying with great care,B.to study carefully,C.to study with carelessness,D.taking great care of studying it,45.Some peoples greatest pleasure is _.,A.fishing,B.to fish,C.to be fish,D.being fishing,A,A,59,Thank you!,60,