Ode-to-a-Nightingale详细赏析.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Ode to a Nightingale-,John Keats,1,Questions,Does this poem express only the speakers rapture when he listens to the wonderful songs of the nighingale?,What is Keatss view of reality and fantasy as is revealed in the poem?,What is his aesthetic aim of the poetry?,2,Background,Of Keatss six major odes of 1819,Ode to Psyche,was probably written first and,To Autumn,written last.Sometime between these two,he wrote,Ode to a Nightingale,.,The exact date of it is unknown as Keats dated as“,May 1819,”.,It is based on weather conditions and similarities between images in the poem and those in a letter sent to,Fanny Brawne,on May Day.,3,Background,Keats finished the Ode in just one morning,in Brawnes description reads,:,In the spring of 1819 a nightingale had built her nest near my house.Keats felt a tranquil and continual joy in her song;and one morning he took his chair from the breakfast-table to the grass-plot under a plum-tree,where he sat for,two or three hours,.When he came into the house,I perceived he had some scraps of paper in his hand,and these he was,quietly thrusting behind the books,.On inquiry,I found those scraps,four or five in number,contained his poetic feelings on the song of the nightingale.,4,Dominant thoughts in Keats Odes,1,nature is beautiful,2,the realms of art and poetry are wonderful,3,the human society contains inescapable misery,5,Dominant thoughts in Keats Odes,The artistic aim in his poetry was always to create a,beautiful world of imagination,as opposed to the,sordid reality,of his day.He sought to,express beauty,in all of his poems.,His poetry is distinguished by sensuousness and the perfection of form.Keats has always been known as,a sensuous poet,.His ability to appeal to the senses through language is virtually unrivaled.,6,Stanza I,My heart aches,and a drowsy numbness pains,My sense,as though of,hemlock,1,I had drunk,Or emptied some dull,opiate,2,to the,drains,3,One minute,past,4,and,Lethe,5,-,ward,s had sunk:,Tis not through envy of thy happy lot,But being too happy in thine happiness-,That thou,light winged,Dryad,6,of the trees,In some melodious,plot,7,Of,beechen,8,green,and shadows,numberless,9,Singest of summer in full-throated,ease,10,1，,poison,2，,opium,3，,quaff,bottom up,4，,ago,5，a river in Hades whose waters cause drinkers to forget their pas,t,6，wood nymph,refers to nightingale,7，,where nightingale sings,8，beech：山毛榉树,9，numberless,shadows,：,10，,sing freely,7,Intertwine of the two images,The poet falls into a reverie while listening to an actual nightingale sing.He feels joy and pain,an ambivalent response.,Pleasure can be so intense that paradoxically it either numbs him or causes pain.,rapture of the nightingale,forlorn of the reality,8,Stanza II,O,for a draught of,vintage,11,!that hath been,Coold a long age in the,deep-delved,12,earth,Tasting of,Flora,13,and the country green,Dance,and Provencal,song,14,and sunburnt,mirth,15,!,O for a beaker full of the warm,South,16,Full of the true,the blushful,Hippocrene,17,With,beaded bubbles,18,winking at the brim,And purple-stained mouth,That I might drink,and leave the world unseen,And with thee,fade,19,away into the,forest dim,20,.,11,wish for wine,12,dig deep,13,flower goddess,fragrance,14,love song,15,collocative clash,:,the mirth of the sunburnt people,16,metonymy,:,the,wine in,South,17,a fountain on Mount Helicon sacred to the Muses and believed to be a source of poetic inspiration,refers to wine,18,aliteration,:,bead,-like,bubbles,19,to disappear gradually,20,rhyme,dim,forest,9,Wanting to escape from the pain of a joy-pain reality,the poet begins to move into a world of imagination or fantasy.He longs for wine.,The description of drinking and of the world associated with wine is,idealized,with the images associating the wine with summer,country pleasure and romantic provence.,10,Stanza III,Fade far away,dissolve,21,and quite forget,What thou amongst the leaves hast never known,The weariness,the fever,and the fret,Here,where men sit and hear each other,groan,22,;,Where palsy shakes a few,sad,last grey hairs.,Where youth grows pale,and,spectre-thin,23,and dies;,Where nut to think is to be full of sorrow,And,leaden-eyed,24,despairs;,Where Beauty cannot keep her,lustrous,25,eyes,Or new Love pine at,them,beyond to-morrow,26,.,21、dis,appear,22、,moan due to pain,23、,skinny as a ghost,24、not lively,dull eyes,25、radiant,26、,hyperbole,:them refers to“,her lustrous eyes,”,the new love cannot be forever.,11,The poet uses the word“fade”in the last line of stanza II and in the first line of this stanza to tie the stanzas together and to move easily into his next thought.,His awareness of the real world pulls him back from the imagined world of drink-joy.,12,Stanza IV,Away!away!for I will fly to thee,Not,charioted,27,by,Bacchus,28,and his,pards,29,But on the,viewless,30,wings of,Poesy,31,Though the dull brain,perplexes,32,and retards.,Already with thee!,tender,33,is the night,And haply the Queen-Moon is on her throne,Clustered around by all her starry,Fays,34,;,But here there is no light,Save what from heaven is with the breezes blown,Through,verdurous,3,5,glooms and winding mossy ways.,27,state carriage,28,the Greek god of wine,29,middle English for l,eopards,refers to the leopard cat that drags the wine god.,30,not perceivable,the soar of poetry is beyond common people,31,poetic fancy,32,to confuse,33,showing affection and love,34,fairies,3,5,health and vigor,13,The poet suddenly cries out Away!away!for I will fly to thee.He turns to,fantasy,again;he,rejects wine,in line 2,and in line 3 he announces he is going to use the viewless wings of Poesy to join a fantasy bird.He contrasts this mode of experience(poetry)to the dull brain that perplexes and retards(line 4).In line 5,he succeeds or seems to,succeed,in joining the bird.The imagined world described in the rest of the stanza is,dark,.,14,Stanza V,I cannot see what flowers are at my feet,Nor what,soft incense,36,hangs upon the boughs,But,in,embalmed,3,7,darkness,guess each sweet,Wherewith the,seasonable month,38,endows,The grass,the,thicket,39,and the fruit-tree wild-,White hawthorn,and the pastoral,eglantine,40,;,Fast fading violets covered up in leaves;,And,mid-Mays eldest child,41,The coming musk-rose,full of dewy wine,The,murmurous haunt of flies on summer eves,42,.,3,6,fragnant flowers,3,7,fill with sweet odors,3,8,the month of the season，,refers to May,39,a group of bushes,4,0,an Old World rose,4,1,first bloom,musk-rose,4,2,the repeat sound of“mm”build up the mood for summer,15,In the fifth stanza is one where flowers bloom and die and seasons come and go.There he is conscious of his,mortality,and is drawn by the fantasy of dying to the nightingale,s music.Because the poet cannot see in the darkness,he must rely on his,other senses,.Even in this refuge,death is present.,16,stanza VI,Darkling,43,I listen;and for many a time,I have been half in love with easeful Death,Called him soft names in many,a mused rhyme,44,To take into the air my quiet,breath,45,;,Now more than ever seems it rich to die,To cease upon the midnight with no pain,While thou art pouring forth thy soul abroad,In such an ecstasy!,Still wouldst thou sing,and I have ears in vain-,To thy high,requiem,46,become a,sod,47,.,46,In the dark。,4,4,meditated rhyme,4,5,life,4,6,a Christian religious ceremony for a dead person,52,ones native land,17,In Stanza VI,the poet begins to,distance himself from the nightingale,which he joined in imagination in stanzas IV and V.Keats,yearns to die,a state which he imagines as only joyful,as pain-free,and to,merge with the birds song,.Keats imagines a death which is an ecstatic conclusion,but then acknowledges that if he were dead the song would go unheard.,18,stanza VII,Thou wast not born for death,immortal Bird,5,3,!,No,hungry generations,5,4,tread thee down;,The voice I hear this passing night eas heard,In ancient days by,emperor and clown,5,5,:,Perhaps the self-same song that found a path,Through the sad heart of,Ruth,5,6,when,sick for home,She stood in tears amid the alien corn;,The same that oft-times hath,Charmd magic,casement,57,opening on the foam,Of,perilous,58,seas,in faery lands,forlorn,59,.,5,3,nightingale,5,4,devouring Time,56,everyone,5,6,An Israel young from the Bible who picks wheat for a living,the poet pictures her standing by the field missing her hometown.,57,casement,refers to the princess waiting for her prince to resure her,58,full of danger,59,remote and far away,sad and lonely,19,Why the bird is immortal?The poet contrasts the birds immortality(and continuing joyful song)with the condition of human beings,hungry generations.The bird represents the species,which by continuing generation after generation does achieve a kind of immortality as a species.Three Images Keats makes three references to the birds singing in the past;the first reference to emperor and clown is general and presumably in a historical past;the other two are specific.one from the Old Testament,the other from fairy tales.The past becomes more remote,ending with a non-human past and place(faery lands),in which no human being is present.,20,The effect of the three images Keats not only expresses his raptures upon hearing the beautiful songs of the nightingale and his desire to go to the ethereal world of beauty together with the bird,but also he shows his deep sympathy for and his keen understanding of human miseries.Keats moves from his awareness of his own mortality in the preceding stanza to the perception of the birds immortality.On a literal level,his perception is wrong;this bird will die.The nightingale not born for death in the sense that,unlike us human beings,it doesnt know its going to die.An implication of this reading is that the bird is integrated into nature or is part of natural processes whereas we are separated from nature.The resulting ability to observe nature gives us the ability to appreciate the beauty of nature,however transitory it-and we-may be.?,21,stanza VIII,Forlorn,6,0,!the very word is like a bell,To,toll,6,1,me back from thee to my sole self!,Adieu!the fancy cannot cheat so well,As she is famed to do,deceiving elf.,Adieu!adieu!thy,plaintive anthem,62,fades,Past the near meadows,over the still stream,Up the hill-side;and now tis buried deep,In the next valley-glades:,Was is a vision,or a waking dream?,Fled is that music-,Do I wake or sleep,63,?,6,0,same with the end of last stanza,means the poet woke up with a start,feeling remote and sad,6,1,religous image,indicate the anthem,62,coming back to reality,even the songs of nightingale makes the poet feels,suffering,and,sadness,63,While on the wings of imagination,its hard for Keats to tell whether its a dream of not.Likewise in his“,Ode to Psyche,”,he also asks,：,“,Surely I dreamt to-day,or did I see,The winged Psyche with awakened eyes?,”,22,Ambivalence and Conflict,Ode to a Nightingale describes a series of conflicts between,reality and the Romantic ideal,of uniting with nature.,Keats,s narrator listens to a bird s,o,ng,but listening to the song within“,Ode to a Nightingale,”is almost,painful and similar to death,.The narrator seeks to be with the nightingale and,abandons his sense of vision,in order to embrace the sound in an attempt to share in the darkness with the bird.,As the poem ends,the trance caused by the nightingale is broken and the narrator is left wondering if it was a real vision or just a dream.,23,The bird has ceased to be a symbol and is again the,actual bird,the poet heard in stanza I.The poet,like the nightingale,has returned,to the real world.,The bird flies away to another spot to sing.The birds song becomes a plaintive anthem and fainter.,24,Theme,“,The principal stress of the poem is a struggle between,ideal and actual,:inclusive terms which,however,contain more particular antitheses of pleasure and pain,of imagination and common sense reason,of fullness and privation,of permanence and change,of nature and the human,of art and life,freedom and bondage,waking and dream.,(Fogle,32),25,Theme,Of course,the nightingales song is the dominant image and dominant voice within the ode.The nightingale is also the object of,empathy and praise,within the poem.However,the nightingale and the discussion of the nightingale is not simply about the bird or the song,but about,human experience in general,.This is not to say that the song is a simple metaphor,but it is a complex image that is formed through the interaction of the conflicting voices of,praise and questioning,.,26,References,Jiaxiu Huang.,British and American Poetry:,Guide to Its Understanding and Appreciation,M.Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2009.,Fogle,Richard.,Keatss Ode to a Nightingale,in Stillinger,Jack,Keatss Odes,Englewood,NJ:Prentice-Hall,pp.3343,1968.,.“Ode to a Nightingale”.19 April 2016,at 10:26.,27,