二战后主要英国戏剧流派ppt课件.ppt

EnglishLiteratureaftertheSecondWorldWar第二次世界大第二次世界大战以后以后重要的英国戏剧流派重要的英国戏剧流派TheateroftheAbsurd 荒诞派戏剧TheateroftheAbsurdcameaboutasareactiontoWorldWarII.Ittookthebasisofexistentialphilosophyandcombineditwithdramaticelementstocreateastyleoftheatrewhichpresentedaworldwhichcannotbelogicallyexplained,lifeisinoneword,ABSURD!Needlesstosay,thisgenreoftheatretookquitesometimetocatchonbecauseitusedtechniquesthatseemedtobeillogicaltothetheatreworld.Theplotsoftenstrayedfromthemoretraditionalepisodicstructure,andseemtomoveinacircle,endingthesamewayitbegan.Thescenerywasoftenunrecognizable,andtomakemattersworse,thedialogueneverseemedtomakeanysense.MajorAbsurdistPlaywrights主要荒主要荒诞派派剧作家作家SamuelBeckett撒撒缪尔贝克特克特,EugeneLonesco尤金尤金尤奈斯尤奈斯库,HaroldPinter哈哈罗德德品特品特NobelPrize-winnerSamuelBecketthaswidelyinfluencedthecourseof20thcenturyliterature.Theimpactofhisplays(Waiting for Godot,Endgame),novels&numerousshortstories&poemshaveaddedthewordBeckettiantotheliterarydictionary.Hisworkdepictstheunrelent-ingplightofcontemporaryexist-ence:livingattheedgeofanabyss,inanindifferentuniverse,tryingsimplytogoonwithdailylifeinthefaceofrecognitionoffutility.HisabilitytoshapethismodernexperienceintoarthasledthewayforHaroldPinter,EdwardAlbee,&manyotherwrites.Waiting for Godot 等待戈多等待戈多“Whyarewehere,thatisthequestionWearewaitingforGodottocome”Onaemptyroad,twotrampsarewaitingforthemysteriousGodot.Theyquarrel,makeup,considersuicide,trytosleepbutstillGodotdoesntarrive.Withitssublimebalanceofcomedy&poignancy,vaudeville杂耍耍&anxiety,Waiting for Godotisoneofthemostimportantplaysofthe20thcentury.Waiting for Godot 等待戈多等待戈多剧照照EugeneIonesco尤金尤金尤奈斯尤奈斯库(1909-1994)EugeneIonescosmainfocusisonthefutilityofcommunication交流的枉交流的枉然然,sothelanguageofhisplaysoftenreflectsthisbybeingalmostwhollynonsensical胡言乱胡言乱语.Heapproachestheabsurdityoflifebymakinghischaracterscomical&unabletocontroltheirownexistence.IonescowasborninRomania,butgrewupinParis.ThenhereturnedtoRomania&attendedtheUniversitythere.WhilelearningtospeakEnglish,henoticedinhistextbooktheillogicalphrases&thesephrasesbecamethedialogueforhisfirstplayThe Bald Soprano 秃头歌女歌女.AfterThissuccessfulplay,hewentontowriteotherabsurdworkssuchasRhinoceros犀牛犀牛&The Chairs 椅子椅子.SomePlaysbyIonesco部分部分剧照与照与海海报 In The Chairs,an elderly couple are to tell animportantmessage to the world;they open the door to numerous invisible guests,gradual-ly fill the stage with chairs,one for each supposed guest.The messageis presented by amuteorator,who has been motionless when theoldcouple commit suicide,plunging themselves through the windows into the water below.The orator.faces the rows of empty chairs,attemptingto speak,using sign language,desperate to make himself understood;then from his throat come moans and groans and the sort of harsh soundsmade by deaf mutes 聋哑人人.Rhinoceros犀牛犀牛 Berengerisanordinarycityman.Heisunmovedbythenewsthatrhinocerosareatlargeonthestreets.Thisresultsaquarrelbetweenhim&hisfriendJeanandhissecretaryDaisyoutsideashop.Theargumentcontinuesandmanylocalsbecomeinvolved.Thisresultsinconfusionandchaos.InthegovernmentofficewhereBerengerworks,herealizesthatthestaffaregraduallybecomingRhinoceros,andDaisyandhimselfaretheonlyhumanbeingsleft.Thentohissurprise,Daisyturnsintoarhinocerosaswell.Henowconcludeshewillfightagainstalltherhinoceros.HaroldPinter哈哈罗德德品特品特(1930)PinteristheleadingEnglishlanguageabsurdistdramatist.Inhisplays,heneverfindsitnecessarytoexplainwhythingsoccurorwhoanyoneis.Besides,theinter-ruptionofoutsideforcesuponastableenvironmentalsocharacterizeshisearlyplays,whichwerethusnamed“comediesofmenace.UnlikeBeckettsorIonescosworks,however,Pintersdramaticworldseemsatleasttobesomewhatrealistic.Hisbest-knownplaysincludeThe Room,The Dumb Waiter送菜升降机送菜升降机,Caretaker看房看房人人 andThe Birthday Party生日晚会生日晚会.Hissparsestyleandgiftforcreatingtensionandhorrorthroughthemosteco-nomicofmeanshasmadehimoneofthemostvaluedplaywrightstoday&wonhimthe2005NobelPrizeforLiterature.SomePlaysbyPinter部分部分剧作作HaroldPinter哈哈罗德德品特品特(1930)The Dumb Waiter送菜升降机送菜升降机Inaseedybasementbelowacaf,twoprofessionalkillersawaitordersfortheirnexttask.Preparedandready,theydontknowwhenthecallwillcome,orwhotheirnextvictimwillbe.Onethingsforsure:theyarentexpectinganorderforsteakandchips!The Dumb WaiteristypicalofPintersearlyplay:claustrophobic,bare,simultaneouslymenacingandamusing.Withitsechoesofcurrentworldevents,theplayraisesquest-ionsaboutpower,politics,class,friendship&,ultimately,betrayal&isapartnerplaytoThe Caretaker.SomePlaysbyPinter部分部分剧本与海本与海报部分部分剧照照:生日晚会、房间、背叛、看房人生日晚会、房间、背叛、看房人AngryYoungMen 愤怒的青年怒的青年Theterm“AngryYoungMen”appliedtoagroupofEnglishwritersofthe1950swhoseheroessharecertainrebelliousandcriticalattitudestowardsociety.Thisphrase,originallytakenfromthetitleofLeslieAllenPaulsautobiography,Angry YoungMan(1951),becamecurrentwiththecreationofJohnOsbornesplayLook Back in Anger(1956).Thewordangryisprobablyin-appropriate;dissatisfiedisperhapsmoreaccurate.Thegroupnotonlyexpresseddiscontentwiththestaid,hypocriticalinsti-tutionsofEnglishsocietytheso-calledEstablishmentbutbetrayeddisillusionmentwithitselfandwithitsownachieve-ments.Includedamongtheangryyoungmenweretheplay-wrightsJohnOsborneandArnoldWesker&thenovelistsKingsleyAmis,JohnBraine,JohnWain,&AlanSillitoe.Inthe1960sthesewritersturnedtomoreindividualizedthemesandwerenolongerconsideredagroup.More“AngryYoungMen”:愤怒的青年怒的青年(其他人其他人)ArnoldWesker,KingsleyAmis&JohnBraineJohnOsborne约翰翰奥斯本奥斯本（1929-1994）JohnOsborne-themanwhoturnedangerintoartJohnOsbornechangedthefaceofBritishTheatre.HisplayLookBackinAngerwastheturningpointinpostwarBritishtheatre.HewasanangryyoungmanwhospenthishappiestyearsinShropshire.JohnOsborne约翰翰奥斯本奥斯本（1929-1994）Britishplaywright&filmProducerwhoseLook Back in Anger(1956)usheredinanewmovementinBritishdrama&madehimknownasthefirstofthe“AngryYoungMen”Thesonofacommercialartistandabarmaid,Osborneusedinsurancemoneyfromhisfathersdeathin1941foraboarding-schooleducationatBelmontCollege,Devon.Look Back in Anger：愤怒的回怒的回顾ItsImportance 重要性 ThefirstproductionofJohnOsbornesLook Back in Angerin1956provokedamajorcontroversy.Therewerethose,liketheleadingcriticKennethTynan,whosawitasthefirsttotallyoriginalplayofanewgeneration.TherewereotherswhohatedbothitandtheworldthatOsbornewasshowingthem.Buteventhesecriticsagreedthattheplay,writteninjustonemonth,markedanewvoiceontheBritishstage.Look Back in Anger:thestoryThethree-actplaytakesplaceinaone-bedroomflatintheMidlands.JimmyPorter,lowermiddle-class,university-educated,liveswithhiswifeAlison,thedaughterofaretiredColonelintheBritishArmyinIndia.HisfriendCliffLewis,whohelpsJimmyrunasweetstall,liveswiththem.Jimmy,intellectuallyrestless&dissatisfied,readsthepapers,arguesandtauntshisfriendsovertheiracceptanceoftheworldaroundthem.Heragestothepointofviolence,reservingmuchofhisangerforAlisonsfriendsandfamily.ThesituationisexacerbatedbythearrivalofHelena,anactressfriendofAlisonsfromschool.Appalledatwhatshefinds,HelenacallsAlisonsfathertotakeherawayfromtheflat.HearrivestotakeAlisonawaywhenJimmyisvisitingafriendsmother.Assoonasshehasgone,HelenamovesinwithJimmy.Alisonreturnstovisit,havinglostJimmysbaby.HelenacannolongerstandlivingwithJimmyandleaves.FinallyAlisonreturnstoJimmyandhisangrylife.Look Back in Anger（1956）愤怒的回怒的回顾愤怒的回怒的回顾部分剧照和电影海报部分剧照和电影海报