2018高三二轮：短文改错解题技巧讲解与训练.doc

高考英语短文改错解题技巧短文改错口诀动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连词常光顾详解：一、动词形：主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。动词形常见错误：1） 一般过去时与一般 现在时错用。2）第三人称单数形式错用。 第三人称单数：Is/was2） and，but,or,also 前后动词时态不一致。(具有对称性） 4） 主谓不一致。5） 缺少谓语动词 1.主谓宾结构 缺少be动词2、主系表结构（am/is/are/was/were）6） 主动语态与被动语态错用 wash-is washed7）Used to 的运用错误 例如：My favorite sport are football. (is)Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)二、名词数：指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。改正方法：）根据名词前的修饰限定成份）根据上下文的逻辑关系例如：so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)三、 还要注意形和副：注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。根据adj或adv的基本用法确定错误；修饰系动词(am/is/are/was/were)或名词用形容词；修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。例如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)四、 非谓语，细辨别：这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。1）不定式to do2）动名词doing作主语、宾语3）and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时） 4）现在分词和过去分词的区别等例如：in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also (playing)My parents love me and will do all they can make sure (to)五、 习惯用法要记住：主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and (of)We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. (of)六、 句子成分多分析：不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：They eager to know everything about China and (were)I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)七、逻辑错误须关注：与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their) no way of setting the matter except by selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)八、冠词连词常光顾：常考的错误形式有：连词but， and， or和so的用法错误，以及冠词的用法错误等。四不改:标点符号不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改（不是不改，而是按错词或少词来改)。在纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错短文改错具体考点详解考点1.名词命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数.改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系. 详解：1.She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.2. After class we become stranger at once.3. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get marks in all my subject.4. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.5. There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.6. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.7. I looked at his other hands. 考点2.代词命题特点：1.女性代词指代男性或相反；2.单数指代复数；3.代词词性误用。改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。代词的错误特点：1.人称代词的偷换错误 2. 缺少人称代词的错误3. 人称代词数的一致问题4. 人称代词格的一致问题详解：8.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.9.I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. 10.It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited. 11.Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as Iwas learning to express me in simple English . 12.One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher . 13.Some students may also save up for our college or future use .14.I took it in me and we walked. 考点3.介词命题特点及改正方法：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；2）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如talk, serve, wait等。介词的错误：介词短语常常考，固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语，结合语境细推敲。详解：15.We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.16.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.17.The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.18.Well talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.19.I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 20.He was looking for a glass the cupboard. 21.Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life.考点4时态命题特点及改正方法：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。详解：22.They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that-23.The time passes quickly. Evening came.24.She liked it very much and reads it to the class.25.I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class.26.I will write again and send you the photos we take together.27.We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago.考点5.andbutor误用及前后不一致命题特点：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。 However与although/though不能同时出现改正方法；1）根据句意确定误；2）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。详解：28. She is smiling at me but nodding at me.29.It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.30.The food was expensive and the service was good.31.I came into the living room and saw one of them jus tgo through the kitchen door but turn on the light.32.We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.33.She liked it very much and reads it to the class.考点6.从句连词命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。平行结构常使用等立连词and,but, or或连词词组not onlybut also, eitheror,neithernor遵循就近原则。主语+With,together with,as well as,besides，动词与主语一致and，but,or,also 前后动词时态不一致。(具有对称性） 详解：34.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. 35.I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.36.The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.37.What things are in other homes, I wonder.38.Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.39.They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.考点7.冠词命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。详解：40.As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. 41.We may be one family and live under a same roof, but-42.On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to doover a weekend.43.I hope youve had pleasant journey home 考点8.形容词和副词命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。详解：44.I would describe myself as shy and quietly.45.There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.46.Finding information on the Net is easily.47.So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.48.My pronunciation was terribly .49.They came back lately and had some tea.考点9.非谓语动词命题特点改正方法：1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。详解：50.Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please.51.My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. 52.Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English. 53.We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. 54.Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.答案1（schoolmate改为schoolmates）2（stranger改为strangers）3（subject改为subjects）4（picture改为pictures）5（advantage改为advantages）6（ideas改为idea）7（hands改为hand）8(his改为their) 9( whos改为whose)10（them改为us）11（me改为myself）12（showed后加it）13（our改为their）14（me改为mine）15去掉about）16. （去掉at）17（去掉was后的in）18（with改为about）19（with改为for）20（glass后加in）21（each后加of）22（did改为do）23（passes改为passed）24（reads改为read）25（talked改为talk）26. （take改为took）27. （have改为had）28.（but改为and）29. （and改为or）30（and改为but）31（but改为and）32（visiting改为visited）33（reads改为read）34（noon后加when）35（that改为why）36（去掉that前的in）37（What改为How）38（去掉if）39（去掉that）40（famous前加a）41（a改为the）42（a改为the）43（had后加a）44（quietly改为quiet）45（person改为personal）46（easily改为easy）47（as改为than）48（terribly改为terrible）49（lately改为late）50（allow改为allows）51（make前加to）52（talk改为talking）53（visiting改为visited）54（去掉to）英语短文改错典型练习(一)When I walked into the classroom, the teacher was handing in the tests.I was feeling very nervous. I had studiedat all at the weekend as I had thought it would be easy test.I went through the test for many timesbut I could only answerthree out from the twenty questions. I did not want to fail the exam. Then, I put my book under my desk, opening itand started looking for the answer. The teacher wasntlooking at me, but I copied something.Suddenly, I felt a handon my shoulder! The teacher caught me cheating. I dont know what to say. Luckily, the teacher did not punish forcheating but instead gave me a second chance.（二）I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. She is ourmonitor and one of the excellent students in our class.Clever as she is, but she words very hard.We have alot on common and have a lot to talk .One evening shetold me that something happened when her parents was out. She was doing her homeworksone Sunday morning whenshe smelt something burning. She stopped look out of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbors house .She called 119 immediate. Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire.Her neighborwas very thankful for her help.（三）I often dream ofa teacher, I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls . I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up. I am always young when I was staying with them. I know there is not easy to be a teacher. Youhave to learn in order to teach. Without enough knowledges, you can never learn well .What is more , you have to be friends with your pupils andtake good care of him.Only in this way can you be good teacher and win respect from them. Though I am a student now, I will work as very hard to make my dream come true.（四）It is a pleasure for me to write this letter to tell how muchI enjoyed my stay in your whole family last week. This was my first visit to a English family.At first, I was worried about mypoor English. And when I saw your wife and children waiting for me with warm smile of welcome on their faces.I immediately knew that everything would be all right. There are many more happy memories of the week that I will keep them with me forever. I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw thechanging colorsof the leaves on the trees. I also like thefishing trip. It was such much fun.（五）I still remember my middle school life in Tianjin yet. I was then in a school for students from Tibet. As we were all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life. Wehad to do the washing, cleaning and shopping by us. However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. We enjoyed our happy life. At weekends,we would play basketball, swimming in the pool, or go for a picnic. We were living in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of you had anydifficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. It has been five years when we graduated,but those memoriesare as sweet as ever before.（六）During the summer of 2001, I started read books in English, mostly stories.I would learn a lot of newwords from these books, but I had terribly problems memorizing them. I had to look up to the same word many times, for which was quite troublesome. I realizedI do need a way to remember all this vocabulary.It wasa great achievement for myself. I started writing down words from books that I read. I would come back fromschool, and then sit for an hour and two.I wrote down new words and added it to my collection. By the end of last year,my collection has grown to 3,000 words.（七）This is a story told by my father: “When I was boy,the most exciting thing was when to celebrate the Spring Festival. My grandma was the best cooker in the worldbut could make the most delicious dishes. One time, I justcouldnt wait for the Spring Festival dinner. As I wasabout take a piece from a cookedduck, I saw Grandma in the kitchen looking at me. Shake her head, she said,Itisnt a good time to do that, dear. At once I apologizeand controlled me at my best till the dinner started. You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.”（八）There are advantage for students to work whilestudy at school. One of them was thatthey can earn money. For the most part,students working to earn money for their ownuse. Earning their own money allow themto spend on anything as if they please.They would have to ask their parents for money or for permission to do things bythe money. Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.（九）Dear Mr. Brown ,I am writing to thank you with your kind help.Before you came to teach us, I had not interest inEnglish. My pronunciation was terribly. I could only speak a few words. But one and a half year later.I now think English fun to learn. I got a lot of from yourencouraging words. I will always remember what yousaid, “If you try to ,you can be No. 1!” I hope youve had pleasant journey home and will come to Chinaagain sometimes in the future. I will write againand send you the photos we take together.Yours sincerely, Li Min（十）Dear friends,It is real a good chance to have met all of you here.We have spent several precious weekend in learning in theEnglish Club. Although we have been member for a shortperiod of time, we have made a great progress. That is because we are all very much active and the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful, Besides, the foreign teachers here work hard and try his best to make the activities lively and interested. I am very pleased to say that all of us greatly improved our spoken English so far. I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future!Thank you.专练答案（一）第一行：in改为out 第二行：had后加not 第三行：easy前加an；去掉for第四行：from改为of 第五行：opening改为opened； answer改为answers第六行：but改为so 第七行：dont改为didnt第八行：punish后加me（二）第一行：whos改为whose . 第二行：去but 第三行：on改为in ；talk后加about第四行：was改为were；homeworks改为homework 第五行：stopped后加to 第六行：find改为found第七行：immediate改为immediately 第八行：去掉the（三）第一行：dream后加being/becoming第二行：give改为giving；but改为and 第三行：was改为am ；there改为it 第四行：knowledges改为knowledge/learning第五行：learn改为teach 第六行：him改为them；be后加a 第七行：去掉as（四）第一行：me改为you 第二行：in改为with；a改为an 第三行：But/Yet第四行：smile改为smiles 第五行：去more 第六行：去掉them第七行：saw改为seeing 第八行：like改为liked；such改为so . （五）第一行：去yet. 第二行：去were；early前加an 第三行：us改为ourselves 第四行；helpless 第五行：swimming改为swim第六行：treat改为treated；you改为us 第七行：other改为others；when改为since（六）第一行：read改为reading，或前加to 第二行：terribly改为terrible .第三行：去掉to；去掉for 第四行：do改为did 第五行：myself改为me；books前加the 第六行：and改为or 第七行：it改为them 第八行：has改为had（七）第一行：boy前加a . 第二行：去掉when；cooker改为cook 第三行：but改为and； 第四行：wait后加for；take前加to 第五行：Shake改为Shaking第六行：apologize改为apologized；me改为myself 第八行：month改为months（八）第一行：advantage改为advantages；study改为studying 第二行：was改为is第三行：working改为work 第四行：allow改为allows；去掉if第五行：would后加not 第六行：by改为with；去掉to 第七行：our改为their (九)第一行：with改为for 第二行：not改为no；terribly改为terrible第三行：year改为years；