电信运营商通信网络架构培训.ppt

电信运营商通信网络概览电信运营商通信网络概览6/2/20161前世、今生与演进前世、今生与演进目录目录全业务通信网络架构全业务通信网络架构无线接入网络（移动通信网络）无线接入网络（移动通信网络）有线接入网络（固网语音宽有线接入网络（固网语音宽带）带）传送网（传输网）传送网（传输网）IPIP宽带数据网（宽带数据网（IPIP数据承载网）数据承载网）网管系统（网管系统（OSSOSS）Q&AQ&A6/2/20162电信运营商全业务通信网络架构（电信运营商全业务通信网络架构（IPIP化）化）6/2/20163Fixed and Mobile accesses integrated for maximal serviceFixed and Mobile accesses integrated for maximal servicemobility and optimized network usemobility and optimized network useWiMaxWiMaxMobile Access Mobile Access HSPAHSPALTELTEFixed Wireless AccessFixed Wireless AccessAccess接入网Fixed AccessFixed AccessGPONGPONFixed LineFixed LinexDSLxDSLWLANWLAN6/2/20164Intelligent multi-access edge providing mobility and QoSMulti Access Edge多业务接入边缘IPIPsession controlsession controlEdge Edge RoutingRoutingPolicyPolicyControlControlDeep-packet Deep-packet inspectioninspectionSecuritySecurityMedia Media GatingGatingMobilityMobilityCharging Charging ControlControlAccess Access interworkinginterworkingQoS QoS enforcementenforcementSubscriber Access Subscriber Access ManagementManagement6/2/20165Reachability for end-to-end connectivityStandard Services/IMS 核心网电信网 络业务控制MultimediaMultimediasession controlsession controlAuthenticationAuthenticationSoftswitchSoftswitchIdentyIdentymanagementmanagementPush to Push to talktalkMultimedia Multimedia telephonytelephonyMessagingMessagingPresencePresenceIP addressIP addressallocationallocation6/2/20166Part of Operators Multimedia OfferingService Layer业务网IPTVIPTVMobile TVMobile TV3rd party 3rd party servicesservicesCustomized Customized applicationsapplicationsHDTV HDTV VODVODVoIPVoIPAdvertisingAdvertisingMiddlewareMiddleware6/2/20167Cost per Bit Optimization with Common TransportTransport(Optical and IP/Ethernet)Transport(Optical and IP/Ethernet)传输传输+IP+IP承载网承载网Carrier EthernetCarrier EthernetNextGen NextGen SDHSDHCWDM/CWDM/DWDMDWDMOTNOTNMicrowaveMicrowavePTNPTNMulticastMulticastRoutingRoutingVPNVPN6/2/20168Integrated Network and Element Mgmt SystemsEnd to End Management网络管理系统ReportingReportingFault MgmFault MgmInventory Inventory MgmMgmTrouble Trouble MgmMgmPerformance Performance MgmMgmService ManagementService ManagementNetwork ManagementNetwork Management6/2/201696/2/201610Protocol Stacks-OSI&TCP/IPOSI StackOSI StackTCP/IPTCP/IPApplicationApplicationPresentationPresentationSessionSessionTransportTransportNetworkNetworkLinkLinkPhysicalPhysicalApplication(HTTP,Application(HTTP,FTP,TelnetFTP,Telnet)TCP/UDPTCP/UDPIPIPNetwork accessNetwork accesslayerlayer网络接入层最常用的二层技术为以太网IEEE 802.xIEEE 802.x1.1.InternetworkingInternetworking2.2.Logical Link Control(LLC)Logical Link Control(LLC)3.3.CSMACDCSMACD4.4.Token BusToken Bus5.5.Token RingToken Ring6.6.Metropolitan Area NetworksMetropolitan Area Networks6/2/2016117.7.Broadband Tech Advisory GroupBroadband Tech Advisory Group8.8.Fiber Optic Tech Advisory GroupFiber Optic Tech Advisory Group9.9.Integrated Voice&Data NetworksIntegrated Voice&Data Networks10.10.Network SecurityNetwork Security11.11.Wireless NetworksWireless Networks12.12.Demand Priority Access LANsDemand Priority Access LANsIEEE 802.2IEEE 802.2IEEE 802.3IEEE 802.3IEEEIEEE 802.4802.4 IEEEIEEE 802.5802.5IEEEIEEE 802.6802.6UpperUpperTransportTransportInternetInternetLinkLinkPhysicalPhysicalWhat is high availability inWhat is high availability inTelecom network?-99.999%Telecom network?-99.999%DPMDefects per Million“High Availability”6/2/201612AvailabilityDPMDowntime Per Year(24x365)99.000%100003 Days15 Hours36 Minutes99.500%50001 Day19 Hours48 Minutes99.900%10008 Hours46 Minutes99.950%5004 Hours23 Minutes99.990%10053 Minutes99.999%105 Minutes99.9999%130 Seconds电信网络对同步有严格要求电信网络对同步有严格要求(3G(3G为例）为例）（信号传输与计费）（信号传输与计费）IubCNRNCNode BUEIuUu网络同步网络同步节点同步节点同步帧同步帧同步无线接口同步无线接口同步6/2/201613频率同步和时间同步的区别时间同步：两个表每时每刻的时间都保持一致时间同步：两个表每时每刻的时间都保持一致;频率同步：两个表的时间不一样，保持一个恒定的差频率同步：两个表的时间不一样，保持一个恒定的差6/2/201614RAN对同步的需求GSM/WCDMA采用异步基站技术，此时只需要做频率同步，精度要求0.05ppm（或者50ppb）TD-SCDMA/CDMA2000采用同步基站技术，除了频率同步外，还需做时钟相位同步（等效于时间同步），目前主要采用基站GPS解决6/2/201615无线制式时钟频率精度要求时钟相位同步要求GSM0.05ppmNAWCDMA0.05ppmNATD-SCDMA0.05ppm 1.5usCDMA20000.05ppm1.5usWiMax FDD0.05ppmNAWiMax TDD0.05ppm1usLTE-TDD0.05ppm0.04usLTE-FDD0.05ppm4us目录目录全业务通信网络架构全业务通信网络架构无线接入网络（移动通信网络）无线接入网络（移动通信网络）有线接入网络（固网语音宽有线接入网络（固网语音宽带）带）传送网（传输网）传送网（传输网）IPIP宽带数据网（宽带数据网（IPIP数据承载网）数据承载网）网管系统（网管系统（OSSOSS）Q&AQ&A6/2/201616Wireless Access6/2/2016176/2/201618The Main Cellular Standards(1/2)The Main Cellular Standards(1/2)YearStandardMobile Telephone SystemTech-nologyPrimary Markets1981NMT 450Nordic Mobile TelephonyAnalogueEurope,Middle East1985TACSTotal Access Communication SystemAnalogueEurope and China1986NMT 900Nordic Mobile TelephonyAnalogueEurope,Middle East1991GSMGlobal System for Mobile communicationDigitalWorld-wide1991TDMA(D-AMPS)(IS136)Time Division Multiple Access(Digital-AMPS)DigitalNorth and South America1993CdmaOne(IS95)Codedivisionmultipleaccess OneDigitalN.America,Korea1992GSM 1800Global System for Mobile communicationDigitalEurope1994PDCPersonal Digital CellularDigitalJapan1995PCS 1900Personal Communication ServicesDigitalNorth AmericaThe Main Cellular Standards(2/2)YearStandardMobile Telephone SystemTechno-logyPrimary Market1999UMTS R99UMTSDigitalWorldwide2000GPRSGPRSDigitalWorldwide2001EDGEEDGEDigitalWorldwide2001GSM 800GSMDigitalNorth America2002HSDPA(R5)UMTSDigitalWorldwide2004HSPAUMTSDigitalWorldwide2006GSM 450Global System for Mobile CommunicationDigitalWorldwide It can be used as fallback solution for GSM 800/900/1800/19002007HSPA EvolvedUMTSDigitalWorldwide2008LTEUMTSDigitalWorldwide6/2/2016202G-GSM(Global System for Mobile)2G-GSM(Global System for Mobile)Wireless AccessWireless Access6/2/201621GSM Recommendations(ETSI)SeriesContent01General02Service aspects03Network aspects04MS-BSS interface and protocol05Physical layer on the radio path06Speech coding specification07Terminal adaptor for MS08BSS-MSC interface09Network interworking10Service interworking11Equipment and type approval specifications12Operation and maintenanceGSGSM M NetworNetwork k SysteSystem m ModeModeSGSNGGSNGMSCPSTN ISDN PLMNRBSsSDHNetworkIP BackboneOSSPCUBSC/TRCSTM/TDMBasedTransit NetworkHLRAuCEIRMMS MPSFNR ILRSDPSCPBGWSOGInternet IntranetMSC/VLR6/2/201622Ranges for Different Types of MS6/2/201623A CellA Cell小区小区CellCell6/2/201624MSMSC C ServicService e AreaAreacell 6cell 1 cell 5cell 4 cell 2 cell 3MSCLA16/2/201625LA3LA5LA4VLRRelation Between Areas in GSMGSM Service AreaGSM Service AreaPLMN Service Area PLMN Service Area(one per operator)(one per operator)MSC Service Area MSC Service Area Location Area Location Area CellCell6/2/201626LEGENDMSC BoundaryBSC Boundary PCM Links Base StationPSTNPSTNMSC Service Area 2MSC Service Area 2MSC Service Area 1MSC Service Area 1MSC/VLR 2MSC/VLR 2BSC 1CBSC 1CBSC 2BBSC 2BBSC 1ABSC 1ABSC 2ABSC 2ABSC 2CBSC 2CBSC 1BBSC 1BHLRHLREIREIRAUCAUCGMSCGMSCMSC/VLR 1MSC/VLR 1NetworNetwork k HardwarHardware e ExamplExample e ViewView6/2/201627NetwNetwo or rk k LoLog gi icacal l E Ex xamplample e Vie View wLA 1-BLA 1-BLA 1-ALA 1-ALA 2-DLA 2-DLA 2-ALA 2-ACell 2-A-25Cell 2-A-25LA 2-BLA 2-BLEGENDMSC Boundary BSC Boundary PCM Links Base StationLA 2-CLA 2-CHLRHLRMSC/VLR 1MSC/VLR 1MSC Service Area 2MSC Service Area 2MSC Service Area 1MSC Service Area 1MSC/VLR 2MSC/VLR 26/2/201628RoamingRoaming漫游漫游MSC/VLRMSC/VLRLA 1LA 2HPLMNHPLMN6/2/201629VPLMNVPLMNUplink and Downlink on a Radio ChannelUPLINK6/2/201630DOWNLINK双工的通信模式FDD/TDD FDDFDD的的双双向向通通道道，是两个频段，所以叫做频频分分双双工工，FDD模式的特点是 上下行频率分离在两个对称频率信道上，系统进行接收和传送，用保 护频段来分离接收和传送信道。TDDTDD的双向通道的双向通道在同一个频点上，但一个时段接收，下一个时段发出，所以叫做时分双工时分双工，速度越快，衰落变换频率越高，衰落深度越深，因此必须要求移动速度不能太高。6/2/201631GSGSM M FDFDD D DupleDuplex x DistanceDistanceMHz 890Duplex Distance(45 MHz)960915935Bandwidth(2 x 25 MHz)6/2/201632UplinkDownlinkGSM Frequency BandsGSM 450GSM 450(450.4 457.6 and 460.4-467.6),Totally7 MHz(478.8 486.0 and488.8 496.0)Nottargeted at this timeGSM 800GSM 800(824-849 and 869-894),Totally 25 MHzGHzGHzGSM 900GSM 1800GSM 1900GSM8000.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0E-bandGSM 450(P-)GSM 900(P-)GSM 900(890-915 and 935-960),Totally 25 MHzE-GSM 900E-GSM 900(880-915 and 925-960),Totally 35 MHzGSM 1800GSM 1800(1710-1785 and 1805-1880),Totally75 MHzGSM 1900GSM 1900(1850-1910 and 1930-1990),Total3l3y60 MHz6/2/2016Carrier SeparationCarrier Separation(200 KHz)895.4895.6MHz6/2/201634TDMTDMA A AccesAccess s methomethod d&ChanneChannel l conceptconceptCarrier FrequencyTDMA Frame555nn+1n+2n+xPhysical ChannelLogical ChannelTCHTCHFACCHTCH5TDMA Frame nTDMA Frame n+1TDMA Frame n+2TDMA Frame n+x6/2/2016350 1 2 3 4 5 6 7012345670123456701234567012345676/2/2016363G Wireless Access3G Wireless Access6/2/2016373GPP Specification Codes(GSM&3G)Subject of specification series3G/GSM R99and laterRequirements21 seriesService aspects22 seriesTechnical realization23 seriesSignaling protocols24 seriesRadio aspects25 seriesCODEC26 seriesSignaling protocols28 seriesO&M32 seriesSecurity Aspects33 seriesUE and U(SIM)test Specification34 seriesSecurity Algorithms35 seriesLTE radio Technology36 seriesThThe e evolutioevolution n o of f mobilmobile e systemsystemAMPSTACSNMTothers1G80sAnalog2G 90sDigitalDemand Demand drivingdrivingGSMGSMCDMA CDMA IS95IS95TDMATDMAIS-136IS-136PDCPDC3G IMT-2000WCDMAWCDMACDMA CDMA 20002000Demand Demand drivingdrivingTD-SCDMATD-SCDMAAnalogDigitalVoice/dataWideband6/2/201638MobilMobile e AccesAccess s TechnologTechnology y EvolutionEvolution6/2/201639Multiple Access ApproachesF Frequency D Division M Multiple A AccessEach User has a unique frequencyfrequency(1 voice channel per user)All users transmit at the same timeAMPS,NMT,TACSAMPS,NMT,TACSUser 1User 2User 3FrequencyFrequencyEach Transmitter has a unique Scrambling CodeScrambling CodeEach Data Channel has a unique Channelization codeChannelization codeMany users share the same frequencyand timeIS-95,cdma2000,WCDMAIS-95,cdma2000,WCDMAFrequencyFrequencyC Code D Division M Multiple A AccessS Spread S Spectrum M Multiple A AccessMultiple Multiple TransmittersTransmittersand and Multiple DataMultiple DataChannelsChannelsEach User has a unique time slottime slotEach Data Channel has a uniqueposition within the time slotposition within the time slotSeveral users share the same frequencyIS-136,GSM,PDCIS-136,GSM,PDCT Time D Division M Multiple A AccessUser User User123User NTimeTime6/2/2016406/2/2016413G的三大主流技术标准比较WCDMATD-SCDMACDMA2000载频间隔载频间隔5M1.6M1.25M码片速率码片速率3.84Mc/s1.28Mc/s1.228Mc/s双工方式双工方式FDDTDDFDD无线帧长无线帧长10ms10ms(子帧子帧5ms)20ms信道编码信道编码卷积码、卷积码、Turbo码码卷积码、卷积码、Turbo码码卷积码、卷积码、Turbo码码调制方式调制方式QPSKQPSKQPSK功率控制功率控制开环结合快速闭环开环结合快速闭环开环结合闭环开环结合闭环开环结合快速闭环开环结合快速闭环切换切换软切换、硬切换软切换、硬切换接力切换、硬切换接力切换、硬切换软切换、硬切换软切换、硬切换功控频率功控频率1500次次/s200次次/s800次次/s基站同步基站同步同步同步/异步异步同步同步同步同步RBSRNCRNCTEMSCore NetworkIubIubRBSRBSRadio AccessNetworkIubIubIuIuIurIurUuUuRXIOSS-RCMubMubMutMutMurMurMunMunOther Management SystemsMunMunNetwork Management EnvironmentRNCRadio Network Controller RBS Radio Base StationOSSOperation Support System Radio Core TEMSTEMS Optimization SolutionRXIRadio Access Network AggregatorUEUuUuWCDMWCDMA A RARAN N OverviewOverview6/2/201642无线信号传输中的多径效应Rayleigh Fading6/2/201643The RAKE ReceiverC C O O M M B BI IN N E E R RSearcherFinger Power measurements of neighbouring RBSSum of individualmultipath componentsFinger#1Finger#2Finger#3Finger#NBuffer/dela yCorrelator s6/2/201644012210WCDMA Capacity Management admissioN controCell LoadCell LoadAdmissionAdmissionlimitlimitRBSRBS6/2/201645WCDMA Capacity ManagementWCDMA Capacity ManagementCongestion ControlCongestion ControlCongestion Congestion limitlimitCell LoadCell LoadRBSRBS6/2/201646WCDMWCDMA A HandoverHandoverSoftHardNo shift in frequencyConnected to both base stations at same timeNo break in connectionShift in frequencyCant simultaneously connect to both RBSsBreak in connection6/2/201647Soft/Softer HandoverSofter Handover,Sector-to-sectorSoft handover,cell-to-cell6/2/201648HSPHSPA A EvolutionEvolutionUplinkUplink20-40 MbpsMulti Carrier12 Mbps16QAM5.8 Mbps2 ms TTI1.4 Mbps0.4 MbpsDownlinkDownlink3.6 Mbps15 codes14 Mbps21 Mbps28 MbpsMulti Carrier42 MbpsMulti Carrier 64QAM+MIMOHigher Modulation Combinations80-160 Mbps2x2 MIMO64QAM6/2/201649IS-95AIS-95AVoiceLow speed dataIS-95BIS-95BVoice Medium Speed Datacdma2000 1Xcdma2000 1XVoice Capacity Higher Speed Data Introduction of PCNcdma2000 1xEvDo cdma2000 1xEvDo Phase 1Phase 1Data Optimized Dedicated-data carrier(overlay)cdma2000 cdma2000 1xEvDv 1xEvDv Phase 2 Phase 2 Voice&Data CapacityMulti-serviceAdvanced MACAdvanced MACVoice capacity doubles Voice capacity doubles real time applicationsreal time applicationsAll in one-carrierAll in one-carrierMAC supportMAC supportVoice Capacity doubles Voice Capacity doubles 2x battery life2x battery lifePacket dataPacket data144 kbps-153 kbps144 kbps-153 kbpsPerformance enhancements&Performance enhancements&access robustnessaccess robustnessPacket Data with 64 kbpsPacket Data with 64 kbpsCircuit&Packet Data Circuit&Packet Data 9.6/14.4 kbps9.6/14.4 kbpsUp to 2 Mbps data Up to 2 Mbps data rateratenon-real time non-real time applicationsapplications2(1.25 MHz)carriers2(1.25 MHz)carriersrequirementrequirementcdmaOne Evolution to 3G(cdma2000)19961997|-19981999 20002001 200220032004Implementations-|-Planned Implementations-|TD-SCDMA Standard HistoryTD-SCDMATD-SCDMA提交到提交到ITUITUTD-SCDMATD-SCDMA在在3GPP3GPP融合融合98/0698/0699/1299/1200/0500/0501/0301/03ITUITU正式通过正式通过3G3G标准标准TD-SCDMATD-SCDMA写入写入3GPP3GPPR4R46/2/201651TDD spectrum in China:155 M60 MHz60 MHz3030MHzMHzFDDFDDTDDTDD100 MHz100 MHz1515MHzMHz4040MHzMHz155MH155MHz z178517851850185017551755188018801920192019801980 2010 20252010 202521102110217021702200 23002200 230024002400EmptyEmptyYear 2002,MII allocate 155M for TD-SCDMA6/2/201652Based on TDMA/TDD principle.Employs a single carrier to both send and receive traffic to optimize the use of radio resourcesTD-SCDMA Key TechniqueU上行上行D下行下行未使用未使用TDDTDD技术技术智能天线智能天线同步技术同步技术动态信道分配动态信道分配联合检测联合检测接力切换接力切换6/2/201653D U D D D D DTD-SCDMA:时分双工和码分多址相结合时分双工和码分多址相结合最多可达 16个码道 TD-SCDMA TD-SCDMA 特性特性TDDTDD的特性的特性CDMACDMA的特性的特性 扩频增益较低，内在抗噪能力扩频增益较低，内在抗噪能力 不如不如FDDFDD系统系统6/2/201654TD-SCDMA与WCDMA/cdma2000同步的比较PNPN4 4 PNPN1 1GPSGPSPNPN5 5PNPN3 3PNPN6 6PNPN7 7PNPN2 2SCSC4 4 SCSC1 1SCSC5 5SCSC3 3SCSC6 6SCSC7 7SCSC2 2同步小区同步小区以同一以同一PNPN序列的不同时移来区序列的不同时移来区 分小区分小区系统实现简单，系统实现简单，易于实现切易于实现切换及小区搜索换及小区搜索整个系统的运行依赖于整个系统的运行依赖于GPSGPSCDMA2000CDMA2000WCDMAWCDMATD-SCDMATD-SCDMA异步小区异步小区以不同的扰码来区分小区以不同的扰码来区分小区避免了对避免了对GPSGPS的依赖的依赖小区搜索由小区搜索由SCHSCH实现及切换需实现及切换需要过程要过程SCSC4 4 SCSC1 1SCSC5 5SCSC3 3SCSC6 6SCSC7 7SCSC2 2同步小区同步小区为了降低时隙间干扰并便为了降低时隙间干扰并便 于终端对邻小区的测量，于终端对邻小区的测量，需保证基站间一定同步精需保证基站间一定同步精 度（相邻小区幀起始时间度（相邻小区幀起始时间 差）差）目前方案是每个基站配外目前方案是每个基站配外 接参考时钟口（例如接参考时钟口（例如GPSGPS）GPSGPS6/2/2016556/2/2016562/3G Common Core Network2/3G Common Core NetworkCircuiCircuit t SwitchingSwitching6/2/201657PackePacket t SwitchingSwitching6/2/201658GPRS network introduced PS domainGPRS network introduced PS domainin core networkin core networkInternetISPISPRADIUSRADIUSMAILMAILWEBWEBNEWSNEWSSGSNSGSNGGSNGGSNISPISPGPRSGPRSIPIPBackbone Backbone NetworkNetworkSGSNSGSNGGSNGGSNRADIUSRADIUSMAILMAILWEBWEBNEWSNEWSToGiWCDMA WCDMA RANRANGSM GSM BSSBSSA-interfa