初中英语语法教学案例及分析.docx

初中英语语法教学案例及分析
摘要：语音、词汇、语法是英语学习的三要素，其中，语法当属最难教与学的。如何把枯燥无味的语法课上得妙趣横生，这就要求教师十分熟悉教材内容，精心钻研设计，使得学生在轻松和谐的氛围下习得语法知识。以下是我于学校“开放日”活动开课的案例，通过视频、游戏、归纳、练习等方法使学生初步掌握语法。
关键词：间接引语 思维导图 变化
一．Teaching content: 9A Unit6 Detective stories
Grammar A  Reported speech with tense changes
二．Teaching aims:
1. Knowledge aims: To use reported speech to talk about what someone else said.
2. Ability aims: To use reported speech to report questions.
三．Teaching methods:
PPT   mindmap   co-operation   practice

四．Teaching procedures:
Step 1: Warm up
1.    Watch a video ‘Annie the detective’.
本部分用于吸引学生的眼球，用Annie的侦探故事与课本里的侦探故事相呼应，既不脱离课本，又能激发学生的兴趣。

Step 2: Presentation
1. Choose one sentence from the video to show ‘reported speech’.
Annie shouted, ‘My cake is gone!’ (Direct speech)
Annie shouted (that) her cake was gone! (Reported speech)
2.    Let students tell the obvious difference between the two sentences
——a quotation mark.
本部分用视频里的两个句子来引出直接引语和间接引语的明显区别，导入比较自然。

Step 3: Process
Task 1: Change the speech in statements.
1.    Steps on how to change ‘statements’.

    本部分展现在陈述句中如何改直接引语为间接引语，让学生看了例句自己找出规则——需要注意变换人称和时态。这样发挥了学生的自我分析问题的能力，使得印象比较深刻。
2. Show the tables on examples of different tenses on P105 then conclude:
Direct speech
Reported speech
Simple present
Simple past
Present continuous
Past continuous
Present perfect
Past perfect
Simple past
Past perfect
Simple future
Past future
Past perfect
Past perfect
本部分展示了在两种引语中具体的时态变化，又补充了一个不变的情况——‘Past perfect’ to ‘Past perfect’.

3.    Practice: Ask students to change what Detective Lu said into reported speech.
Detective Lu said，‘ The victim is guilty of computer crimes.’
Detective Lu said, ‘We are checking the scene for fingerprints and other clues.’
Detective Lu said，‘A young man was killed in Valley Town.’
本部分用课文中提到的Detective Lu来说出3个句子，练习把直接引语改成间接引语。所用例子基本来源于课文，学生较为熟悉。

4.    Play a copy game.
e.g.  A—B:
B—C: A said (that) he/she had learned English for 6 years.
C—D: A said (that) he/she had learned English for 6 years.
本部分用游戏让课堂情绪高涨，让小组里后者重复前者的话，把排头的同学所说的话变成间接引语，这样，每个学生都有了一次锻炼的机会，真正做到课堂无死角。

5.    Besides tenses and pronouns, we should also change adverbials.
Give some examples then show the following table. (P105)
Direct speech
Reported speech
now
then
tonight
that night
today
that day
this morning/week
that morning/week
yesterday
the day before
last month
the month before
tomorrow
the next/following day
here
there
本部分以例句引出书上表格里具体时态的变化，清晰明了。

6.    Practice: A1 on P106: Millie’s report. Help Millie finish her notes. Use reported speech.
本部分事先请同学把每句直接引语的句子录音，上课时以音频呈现，每点一句，录音出现，请学生先复述听到的句子，再把它改成间接引语，如此，听说读写得到了一定程度的锻炼。

7.    Draw half of a mindmap to conclude the knowledge we have learned till now.

本部分运用“思维导图”这种新型的方法，帮助学生归纳小结前面所学部分的知识点。以彩色的图像呈现，加深记忆。

Task 2: Change the speech in questions and imperatives.
1.     Steps on how to change the speech in Yes/No questions, Wh-questions and imperatives.

本部分用解题步骤来步步呈现在一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、祈使句中如何把直接引语改成间接引语的解题过程。步步为营，踏踏实实。

2.     Summary: Besides tenses, pronouns, adverbials, we should also change the word order, the mark and add if/whether in questions.
3.     A2 on P107: Interviewing Detective Lu. Help Millie report the interviewer’s questions using reported speech.
4.     Exercises:
A. Multiple choices.
(   ) 1.Mr Wu said he ___ us to the zoo this week.
    A. would take  B. will take   C. take   D. takes
(   ) 2. The witness told me that he ___ under the table at that time.
    A. hide           B. have hidden 
    C. was hiding      D. hidden
(   )3. The teacher asked us if ___ what he said.
     A. we know        B. do we know  
     C. we knew        D. did we know
(   ) 4. She said that she would do it_____.
     A. tomorrow        B. next day
     C. the second       D. the next day
(   ) 5. The interviewer asked him ____ the murderer had used a gun.
     A. what     B.  who     C. if     D. that
(   ) 6. He said that he had met her _____.
     A. two years before  B. two years ago
     C. for 2 years       D. since 2 years ago
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. ‘ Who are you looking for?’ Tom asked Sandy.
Tom asked Sandy _____ _____ ____ ______ ____ .
2. ‘ Did you want me to help you with your English yesterday?’ asked he.
He asked  ____ ____ ____ ______ ____ ___help me with ____ English ____ ____ ______.
3. ‘Do you know the victim?’ The police asked.
The police asked____ ____ _____ ____ ______.
4. ‘Little boy, put on your coat.’ She ordered.
She ordered ____ ____ ____ ___ ____ ____ ____ ____.
本部分以书本上和课外的一定量的习题来加强练习，让学生集中训练在不同题型中变换间接引语，起到强化巩固的作用。

5.     Let’s complete the mindmap. Draw the rest part. Ask one student to draw it on the blackboard.

本部分完成思维导图的另半部分，用以总结巩固后面部分知识。

6.     Show the whole mindmap on the blackboard.

本部分让学生到黑板上绘制思维导图，其余同学在座位上完成，最后用彩笔加以描绘，展现出文字简洁、构图优美的导图。

Step 4 Homework
1. Review what we have learned today and read the sample sentences in your books.
2. Finish the exercises

    本堂课基本达成既定教学目标，符合新课标的要求。从教学步骤上看，教学环节衔接自然，步步递进；从教学设计上看，有视频、游戏、思维导图等亮点，给沉闷的语法课注入了活力与色彩，调动了学生的积极性、主动性、创造性。以适量的练习和图文并茂的思维导图巩固了所学知识，让学生不知不觉学到了知识。