过去完成时.doc

过去完成时过去完成时(past perfect)表示在发生在过去的两个动作在前的那一个，它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。基本结构 主语+had+过去分词 肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. 否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. (可缩写为hadnt) 一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+had. 否定回答：No, 主语+hadnt. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组 + 一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 被动语态：主语+had（hadnt)+been+过去分词基本用法（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by + 过去的时间, by the end of + 过去的时间， before+过去的时间等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示。 By nine oclock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。By the end of last term, I had learnt 2, 000 words.到上学期末为止，我已经学了两千个英语单词。（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally cameaa. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He had lived in Beijing for five years before he moved to Parris.搬到巴黎之前他已经在北京住了五年。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didnt know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 He said that he had been to Beijing. 他说他去过北京。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6） 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when, before, after, by the time引导的状语从句 When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。By the time I arrived at the station, the train had left. 我到火车站的时候，火车已经出发了。After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. （7）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。 They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 我们本来希望能来看看你。 （8）过去完成时还可用在 1.主语+ hadhardly过去分词when主语一般过去时 2.主语hadno sooner过去分词than主语一般过去时。 3. It was the first (second, etc) time (that) I had _ 等固定句型中。 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了。 练一练 1. 单项选择1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was seven?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _lived in Beijing for _ years before she moved to Canada.A. had lived B. has lived C. had lives D. have lived5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. By the end of this century, we_ ours into a strong modern country. A. will build B. had builtC. have built D. will have built8. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns, piano. 11. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten?A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work13. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed 14. We _the work by six yesterday evening. A. finished B. would finishC. had finished D. had been finished15. By the time he was 4, he _A_ a lot of German words.A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns 16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom.A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left 17.They _ in Guangzhou since 2000.A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living18. The train from Beijing_ ten minutes ago.A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived19. The students _B_ their classroom when the visitors arrived.A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned20. Fergie _ the project in one hour.A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished21. The man _ his coat and went out.A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on22 My mother_ in that factory at the age of 18.A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works23. Dad _ while he _ TV.A .fell asleepwatch B. was falling asleepwatched C. fell asleepwas watching D. had fallen asleepwatched 24. I lost the book I _ Ahave bought B. bought Chad bought Dhad been bought25The bus had gone when I _ at the bus stopAhave arrived Barrived Chad arrived Damarriving26Tom _ of visiting his grandmother，but the badbut the bad weather made him change his mindAhas thought Bthought Chad thought Dhadbeen thought27Did you meet Tom at the airport？ No，he _ by the time I _ thereAhas left；got Bhad left；arrived Cleft；arrived Dleft；had got28Why didnt Tom attend the meeting yesterday？He _ BeijingAhas gone to Bhad gone to Cwent to Dhadbeen to29I _ to come to help youBut you didnt comeAhave meant Bhad meant Cmeant Dwill mean30Finally Mary was admitted by Beijing University，for which she _ five timesAhad tried Bwas trying Chas triedD. tried31I have bought you the books you want Oh，good，I _ afraid you had forgotten A. was Bam Chad been D. have been32. I _to help you but couldnt get here in time.A. want B. had wanted C. have wanted D. was wanting33. Mrs. Wu told me that her sister_.A. left about two hours before B. would leave about two hours beforeC. has left about two hours ago D. had left about two hours before34. When I reached home, my parents _their supper.A. are having B. have already had C. had already had D. had35. -Did you see Xiao Li at the party? -No, _by the time I arrived.A. shed left B. shes left C. She was left D. she must leave2.用动词的适当形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen _ (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6. Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call.7. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan _ (fail ) because we _ (make) a big mistake.9. When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads _ (have) lunch when I _(get) to their house.11.When I _(arrive) at the station, he _(leave).12.We _(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13. I waited until he _(finish) his homework.14. We were surprised at what she _(do)15.She _(not go) to Qingdao because she _ (go) there before.16. He _ (not tell) you the news yet. 17. He said he _already_(give) the book to the teacher.18. I _(be) to Shanghai before. 19. She told me she _(be) to Sanya three times.20.She _(play) the guitar while her sister_(sing).