山东省东营市河口区实验学校九年级英语《虚拟语气》教案 人教新目标版.doc

山东省东营市河口区实验学校九年级英语《虚拟语气》教案 人教新目标版
　　英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、祈使语气和。陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问，可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中；祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等。
　　虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。如：
　　He is honest. 他很诚实。 （陈述语气）
　　Don‘t be late next time. 下次别迟到。 （祈使语气）
　　If I were you ，I would not go. 我要是你，我就不会去。 （虚拟语气）
　　I wish I had a lot of money. 要是我有很多很多钱就好了。 （虚拟语气）
第一类　　虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：
　　条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的；而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生。如：
If I have time，I will go. （陈述语气） If I were you，I would go. （虚拟语气 ）
　　 时态类型
主句谓语形式
条件句的谓语形式
例句
与现在事实相反
would/should/could/might+ V原
动词过去式 did
*be 多用were　
1. If I were you, I should study English.
2. I would certainly go if I had time.
与过去事实相反
would/should/could/might + have done
动词过去完成式
had done
1. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test.
2. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
与将来事实相反
would/should/could/might + V原
①动词过去式
②should +V原
③were + to do　
1.If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. ①
2. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.③
注：特别说明
　　1、错综时间虚拟条件句 即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：
　If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.
If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years’ time.
　　2、if 省略句　　在条件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首, 变为倒装句式。如：
　　If I were at school again, I would study harder. → Were I at school again, I would study harder.
　　If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.
　　→ Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.
　　If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
　　→ Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：我们可以说：Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 但不能说：Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.
　　3、If虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句） 常考两个句型：If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，其意为“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如：
　　If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。
　　If it hadn’t been for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.
　　=But for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.
　　=Without your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.
第二类　　使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句：
　　1.*wish 表示很难或不大可能实现的希望，宾语从句用虚拟语气。与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。试比较：
　　（1） We hope they will come. (We don’t know if they can come.)
　　（2） We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.)
　　2.if only 用于表示与事实相反的愿望。*if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。
　　If only I had listened to my parents! 　　If only she would go with me!
　　3. would rather+从句 句子用虚拟语气。 只分现在和过去
　　在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气， 表示"宁愿做什么" ，具体用法为：
　　①　一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望 　　I’d rather you went tomorrow (now).
　　②　用过去完成时表过去的愿望 　　I’d rather you hadn’t said it.
　　4. as if (though)+从句 句子用虚拟语气
　　以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，例：
　　They treat me as though I were a stranger. 　　He talks as if he had been abroad.
　　注：两点说明
　　(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：
　　It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。
　　(2) 注意 It isn’t as if…的翻译：
　　It isn’t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。
第三类　　从句中should+动词原形，should可省略
　　1. 在for fear that( 以免) ,in case(以防)，lest引导的中的虚拟语气
She walked quietly lest she (should)wake up her roommates.
2. 表应当做 值得做 一类动词后的宾语从句
建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend 坚持insist
决定 decide determine 安排arrange
　　要求demand, require, request 指示direct　希望desire 敦促urge
　 命令order, command
　　I insisted that he (should)stay. He urged that they go to Europe.
He suggested that we should leave early. 　He ordered that it (should)be sent back.
　 He requires that I (should)appear. 　　He arranged that I should go abroad.
　　*suggest表“暗示” insist表“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气
　　He insisted that I had read his letter. 　　He insisted that I should read his letter.
　　He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner.
　　I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him.
　　3. *advice, agreement, command, decision, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, suggestion, idea, plan, order，order, suggestion, idea, plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句
　　Our suggestion is that you（should）be the first to go．
　　4. It is (was)+suggested / demanded …+that从句
　　It is ordered that the army (should)get there by 4 a.m.
5. It is (was)+ adj.+ that从句
important, natural, strange, necessary，surprised, appropriate等表示紧急 重要-- 带感情色彩形容词 后的主语从句
It is necessary that she (should) be sent there at once.
6. It is (was)+ a pity/ a shame + that 从句
第四类　　It’s time后的从句用虚拟语气
　　从句谓语通常用过去式表示 (早)该干某事了 *有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)
　　ex. It’s time we went [were going, should go]. 我们该走了。
　　It’s time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were)
　　It's time = It is (the very/high/right/about) time　
　 含蓄条件句
　　有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。
　　1．用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with, without, but for。如：
　　What would you do with a million dollars?
We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.
But for the rain, we would have finished the work. I was ill that day.
2．用连词代替条件状语从句。常用的连词有but, or, otherwise，or else，even though等。
I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.
I was on business to Qingdao last week. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.
　　He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.
　　3. 用非谓语代替条件状语从句。
　　Everything taken into consideration, they would have raiser their output quickly. (独立主格)