牛津译林版模块三unit1-Grammar-and-usage.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Unit 1,Unit 1,The world of our senses,Grammar and usage,Introduction to noun clauses&,Noun clauses beginning with,that or if/wheather,To learn what the noun clauses are,To learn how to tell noun clauses from other clauses,To consolidate the usage of noun clauses by doing exercises,Look at the following sentences.,1.This means I could get up an hour later than usual,2.He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades.,3.We thought you could act like an adult,but,4.At first,the young girl thought it was the light of the full moon,At lunch,the radio forecast that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.,Sorry,Miss,replied the man,the truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far.,She wondered if the buses would still be running.,The news that the blind man can help Polly was exciting.,Sentences from this unit,We call these underlined sentences noun clauses.,My question is whether Polly can find her way home.,Spot looks like he is starving!(Module 1),What is certain is that the curse of the mummy remains a riddle to this day.(Module 2),There is really no hard evidence that aliens took him.(Module 2),在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫,_(Noun Clauses）。,名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任,_,等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词从句,名词从句,主语、宾语、表语、同位语,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,His job,is important.,What he does,is important.,主语,This is,his job.,This is,what he does every day,.,表,语,I dont like,his job.,I dont like,what he does every day,.,宾,语,I dont know about,the man,Mr.White.,I dont know about,the fact that he is a teacher.,同,位,语,1.We can use a noun clause as the,subject of a sentence.,That I can pay back the help people,give me makes me happy.,Whether hell be able to come is not,yet known.,Why they have not left yet is not,clear so far.,Noun clauses,We can use it as a preparatory subject.,It was good news that everyone got,back safely.,2.We can use a noun clause as the,object of a verb/preposition.,I wonder if/whether thats a good,idea.,Im interested in who that tall man is.,We can use it as a preparatory subject.,We all thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.,The conductor has made it clear that no buses will be running.,3.We can use a noun clause as,the predicative of,be,.,The truth is that the fog is too thick for,the bus to run that far.,My question is whether Polly can find,her way home.,4.We can use a noun clause in,apposition to a noun.,She had a feeling that she was being watched.,The news that he couldnt come made us upset.,5.We use,that,if/whether,or a question,word to begin a noun clause.,No one knew if/whether he lost his sight because of an accident.,She couldnt imagine how the blind man had found her.,Read the article on Page 9 and describe the main idea in your own words.While reading,underline all the noun clauses you can find in this article.,Paragraph 1,The possibility,that,pleasant smells might reduce pain,has,Paragraph 2,Since it is believed,that,strong smells can affect the senses,Paragraph 3,Scientists are interested in,whether the sense of smell is related to pain.,Answers,They are also curious about,whether it is,the same for both sexes,.,Now,the study has proved,that for women,pleasant smells reduce pain,.,Paragraph 4,He says,that scientists have already collected data from 40 volunteers,.,He adds,that this year,scientists will test,another 60 volunteers and will be in a better position to,analyse,the results,.,Paragraph 5,One explanation is,that,womens sense of smell is better,developed than that of men,and is linked,to recognizing the smell of babies,.,Scientists used to believe,that mothers,recognize their children by sight only,.,Now,they have become convinced,that,the sense of smell also helps,.,However,why pleasant smells do not,reduce pain in men,remains a puzzle for,scientists.,名词性从句考点归纳,一、名词性从句的语序,(1),名词性从句构成有两种,a.That+,陈述句,e.g.That he is still alive is a wonder.,他还活着，真是奇迹。,b.,疑问词+句子的剩余成分,e.g.This is what we are looking for.,这就是我们所寻找的。,(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用,陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。,How he was successful is still a puzzle.,How was he successful is still a puzzle.,F,T,你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？,Could you tell me where he lives?,Could you tell me where does he live?,T,F,二、名词性从句连接词的选用,(1)that,和,what,的选用,that,和,what,都可引导所有的,_,。但是，,what,除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中,_,，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而,that,在名词性从句中,_,，只起,_,作用。,名词从句,充当成分,不充当任何成分,连接,1._,he wants is a book.,2._ he wants to go there is obvious.,3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.,5.Is _ he told us true?,What,That,that,what,Fill in the blanks with that or what.,what,6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.,7.I have no doubt _ he will come.,8.I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.,what,that,what,(2)if,和,whether,的选用,whether,和,if,都可以使用的情况：,1),引导动词的宾语从句时；,2),在,be+,adj.,之后时；,3),在主语从句中，,it,用作形式主语时。,只能用,whether,的情况：,在非正式文体中，,if.or not,也是正确的。但与,or not,直接连用时，只能用,whether(,即,whether or not),，而不能用,if(,即,if or not),；,引导表语从句和同位语从句时；,引导主语从句，且位于句首时；,引导介词后的宾语从句时；,后面直接跟动词不定式时；,if,引起歧义时。,1.I asked her _ she had a,bike.2._ we will hold a party in the,open air tomorrow depends on the,weather.,if/whether,Whether,Fill in the blanks with if or whether.,3.Were worried about _ he is safe.,4.I dont know _ he is well or not.,5.I dont know _ or not he is well.,whether,whether/if,whether,6.The question is _ he should do it.,7.The doctor can hardly answer the,question _ the old man will recover soon.,8.I dont know _ to go.,whether,whether,whether,其它连接代词和副词的连用,主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，正确的选择,who/which/when/where/why/how,等连接词，这些连接词既具有,_,，又起,_,，同时在从句中充当,_,。,疑问含义,连接作用,各种成分,我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_,we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.,我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。,I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.,When,who,我不知道他长的什么样子。,I have no idea _ he looks like.,这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。,This is _ I left my glasses.,what,where,引导词,that,的省略,that,引导主语从句，并且主语从句,_,，由,it,作形式主语时，,that _,；,2.that,引导宾语从句时，可以省略；但如果有两个,that,引导的宾语从句，则第二个宾语从句中的,that _,；,后置,不可省略,不可省略,3.,介词后的宾语从句中的,that_;,4.,如果,that,连接的宾语从句中紧接着一,个由其他连词引导的状语从句，,that,_,省略；,5.,引导同位语从句的连词,that,在句中,_,成分，且,_,省略。,不可省略,不能,不充当,不可,下列名词性从句中的,that,是否可以省略。,1.It was reported that the football team,was warmly received by the Queen.,2.I dont believe that he has ever read,any of Shakespeares works or that he,has ever heard of him.,3.His composition is very good except,that there are some spelling mistakes.,4.The cause of the accident lies in that,the driver was careless.,5.He said that,if I did not have time,I,might choose not to go.,6.The news that our team has won the,match is true.,只有第,2,题第一个,that,可以省略，其他名词性从句中，,that,不可以省略。,Complete the sentences.,1.,I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a,mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless.,4.The news _ our team won the,match inspired us.,(,that),that,that,that,5.I dont think it necessary _ you,should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died,and _ he had to make a living,alone.,that,(,that),that,宾语从句的时态呼应,如果主句时态是现在时或将来时，从,句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任何一种时态。,a.,他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。,He believes _,_.,his dream will come true some day,b.,请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。,Please tell me _,_.,what you were doing at this time yesterday,2.如果主句谓语是过去时，从句谓语动,词用一般用过去的某种时态，但从句,表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律,等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。,他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。,He told me _,_.,他说他已离开家乡十年了。,He told me _,_.,老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。,The teacher tell us _,_.,he was preparing for the examination,he had been away from his hometown for ten years,light travels in a straight line.,Read the article about our senses on page 11 and circle the right words.,Answers:,1._ 2._ 3._,4._ 5._ 6._,if,that,that,that,whether,that,Complete the story on page 11 using,that,whether,or,if,.,Answers:,1._ 2._ 3._,4._ 5._ 6._,7._ 8._,that,that,that,if/whether,that,if/whether,that,that,用正确的连接词填空。,Holidays are important for all of us.1._ we decide to have a city holiday or a holiday by the beach depends upon our personal preferences.The main thing is 2._ we are taking a break from our usual routine(,日常事务,).,Whether,that,Of course,the main difference between city holidays and beach holidays is in the kind of activities you are able to do.At the beach,for example,you can swim or surf.While in a city,3._ you can do varies from going shopping to visiting museums and going to the theatre.,what,Another major difference is 4._ having a holiday by the beach tends to be more relaxing.When you are in a city,you have to,organise,5._ you do carefully,or the fact 6._ you spend all your time getting on buses,walking and visiting may make you get exhausted soon.,that,what,that,On the other hand,the beach is 7._ time goes by more slowly.If you like,you can swim,lie in the sun or the shade,have a quiet drink and go to sleep.,All in all,where you go to spend a holiday largely depends on 8._ you like and 9._ hard you have been working.,where,what,how,Do C1 and C2 on Page 92 of the Workbook.,Preview the next part.,