2010年中考第二轮复习语法直接引语及间接引语知识点总结.doc

2010年中考第二轮复习 语法 直接引语和间接引语
知识点总结
英语中有直接引语和间接引语之分。
一、概念
直接引语是直接引述别人的话。前后要加引号。
间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话。多数情况下构成宾语从句，且不用引号。
She says, “I’ll never forget the moment.” 她说：“我将永远不会忘记此刻。”(直接引语)
She says that she’ll never forget the moment. 她说她将永远不会忘记此刻。(间接引语)
二、直接引语如何变为间接引语
直接引语变为间接引语时，多数情况下构成宾语从句或复合宾语。
(一) 句式的变化
1. 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，要变为用连词that引导的宾语从句(that在口语中常省略)
He said, “I want to be an astronaut.” → He said (that) he wanted to be an astronaut.
2. 直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要改为陈述句语序(主语在谓语前)
1) 直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要变为whether或if引导的宾语从句。
“Can you swim?” he asked me. → He asked me if/ whether I could swim.
2) 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，连接词要用直接引语中的疑问词。
“What can I do for you?” he asked me. →He asked me what he could do for me.
3. 直接引语如果是祈使句，通常变成tell/ ask/ order sb. (not) to do sth. 的结构。
“Please open the window,” the teacher said to me. → The teacher asked me to open the window.
(二) 人称的变化
把直接引语变为间接引语时，要根据意思改变人称。通常遵循“一主，二宾，三不变”的原则。
“一主”是指直接引语中的第一人称在间接引语中应与主句的主语人称一致。
“二宾”是指直接引语中的第二人称在间接引语中应与主句的宾语人称一致。
“三不变”是指直接引语中的第三人称在间接引语中保持不变。
He said, “I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.
“Can you sing in English?” he asked me.→ He asked me if I could sing in English.
He said, “She will come late.” → He said that she would come late.
(三) 时态的变化
主句为现在或将来时态，间接引语的时态一般不变；主句为过去时态时，间接引语一般作相应的变化。变化见下表：
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
但凡事都有例外，下列情况直接引语变为间接引语，其时态不变：
1. 当直接引语表示客观事实或普遍真理时，变为间接引语，时态不变。
The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” → The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
2. 当直接引语中有具体的一般过去时间作状语时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
She said, “I was born in 1990.” → She said that she was born in 1990.
(四) 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和某些动词通常要作相 应的变化。变化如下表：

直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this
these
that
those

时间状语
now
today
this afternoon( week, month)
yesterday
three days(months, years) ago
last week (month, year)
tomorrow
next week(month, year)
then
that day
that afternoon(week, month)
the day before
three days (months, years) before
the week (month, year) before
the next/following day
the next week (month, year)
地点状语
here
there
动词
come
go

单项选择
1. (2009·陕西) —Can you tell me _____ your parents at home?
—I often wash clothes and sweep the floor.
A. how will you help B. how you help
C. how you will help D. how do you help
2. (2009·福州) —Excuse me, could you tell me_____?
—Sorry, sir. I wasn’t there at that time.
A. how did the accident happen B. how the accident happened
C. how does the accident happen D. how the accident happens
3. (2009·广东)Our teacher told us the sun _____in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rising D. rises

答案
1. B 2. B 3. D

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