2014秋八年级上册英语单元单词拓展Unit5.doc

Unit 5
Section A
sitcom ['sɪtkɒm] n.情景喜剧（=situation comedy）
e.g. My favorite sitcom is about a bunch of friends at a bar.
It’s not a dream, just a sitcom.　

news [njuːz] n.新闻；消息　
【用法】不可数名词，做主语时，谓语动词用单三形式。
e.g. No news is good news.
What a exciting news!
注意：一条消息 a piece of news

soap [səʊp] n.肥皂；肥皂剧
e.g. They are like soap and water.

think of 动词短语，“想起；想出；认为”
e.g. I know the person you mean, but I cannot think of his names.
What does he think of our plan?
think of 与 think about
①当表示“想出；想起”时，可互换。
e.g. I am thinking about/ of the friends in the school.
②当think of表示“认为”，一般不能互换。
e.g. I think of him as a sad person with little success in his life.
③当think about为“思考；研究”时，一般不能互换。
e.g. I should like to think about your suggestion before I give you a reply.

educational [ˌedʒu'keɪʃənl] adj.教育的；有教育意义的
e.g. He is an education worker.
【单词】educate v. 教育 education n. 教育　

plan [plæn]
① n.计划；方法
【用法】可数名词，后可接for sth./ to do sth.表示计划的目的或内容。
e.g. A year’s plan starts with spring.(谚)
The police worked out a plan to catch the thief.
I have a plan for overcoming the difficulty.
②v.打算；计划
【用法】常用于短语plan to do sth./ plan on doing，“计划做某事”
e.g. What do you plan to do during the holiday?
Where do you plan to spend your holiday?
She is planning on climbing hills.

hope [həʊp] v. 希望；期望；盼望 n. 希望
常用搭配hope to do sth. “希望做某事”
注意：不能用hope sb. to do sth.
e.g. I hope to visit Paris this summer. (v.)
Don’t give up hope. (n.)
【单词】hopeful adj. 有希望的；有前途的
hopefully adv. 有希望地；有前途地
hopeless adj. 绝望的；不抱希望的

find out 查明；弄清；发现。多指找出较难找到的、抽象的动词
e.g. He found out the riddle at last.
We must find out the truth of the matter.
find out 通常有经过困难、曲折的含义。
find 通常指找到或发现具体的东西。强调结果。
look for 有目的的找。强调找的动作。

around the world 介词短语，“世界各地；全世界”，同all over the world
e.g. People around the world need peace.

discussion [dɪ'skʌʃn] n.讨论；谈论
【用法】泛指讨论的动作和状态时为不可数名词，指具体的一次讨论时为可数名词。
e.g. Today we will have a discussion about teenagers and TV.
These plans have been under discussion for a year.
【单词】discuss v. 讨论

stand [stænd] v.站立；忍受　
【含义】①忍受 【用法】及物动词，“忍耐；忍受；容忍”，后可接名词，代词或动名词。常与can或者can’t连用。多用于否定句和疑问句中。注意：不可与进行时态连用。
e.g. I can’t stand listening to the music that is too loud.
How can you stand so much noise?
②站立
e.g. Be careful! Do not stand close to the fire.
She usually has to stand in the train.

happen ['hæpən] v.发生；碰巧；出现；偶遇
【用法】不能用于被动时态。
sth. + happen + 地点/时间，表示“某地（某时）发生了什么事”
e.g. The accident happened in our school.
The accident happened between 7 p.m. and 9 p.m.
sth. happened to sb. “某人发生了某事”
e.g. Has anything happened to her?
To our surprise, the thing happened to him.
【拓展】表“碰巧”，主语通常为“人”，常用结构 happen to do sth.
“碰巧做某事”，可与 It happens/ happened + that 从句互换。
e.g. The reporter happened to be her classmate.
= It happened that the reporter was her classmate.

may[ meɪ] mode. 可以，能够；可能，也许
e.g. May I come in? I’m sorry I’m late.
I’m thirsty. May I have something to drink?

expect[ɪk'spekt] v.预期；期待；盼望
①预计；预料
e.g. You arrived earlier than I had expected.
②盼望；指望
e.g. Well, you can’t expect perfection.
You cannot expect to turn the clock back.
③认为；想
e.g. I expect the book is a bit difficult for you.

expect 含有等待发生之意。词义比hope更强烈些。
e.g. I expect you to be here on time.
hope 用于主观上的愿望并对其实现抱有信心。
e.g. I hope to see you soon.
wish 表示某种未完成或不能完成的愿望。
e.g. I wish you to go aborad next week.
注意：hope 不能 用于句型 hope sb. to do sth.
expect/ wish sb. to do sth. 可用。
e.g. I expect/ wish you to go with me.(不能用hope)

one day 可以指将来的一天，同some day；也可以指过去的一天。
短语可以放在句首或者句尾。
e.g. I’m sure your daughter will be back one day.
When I came across him one day in a supermarket, he pretended not to see me.

joke [dʒəʊk] n.笑话；玩笑 v.说笑话；开玩笑
e.g. Do you know any interesting jokes?
【拓展】v. 开玩笑。joke with sb. about sth. “在某事上同人开玩笑”
e.g. Tony is good at joking.
He’s always joking with others.
It’s serious. Don’t joke about it.

comedy ['kɒmədi] n.喜剧；滑稽；幽默事件
【反义词】tragedy n. 悲剧
e.g. Do you perfer comedy or tragedy?
The children succeeded in playing out the comedy.

Section B
meaningless ['miːnɪŋləs] adj.无意义的；不重要的
e.g. The author’s name is meaningless.
His words seemed to be meaningless.

action ['ækʃn] n.行为；活动
e.g. Actions speak louder than words.(谚)
Tom thinks action movies are interesting, but I think they are boring.
【短语】in action 在运转，在操作
come/ get into action 付诸实施
take action 采取行动，行动起来
action movie 动作片

act 指具体的行为、短而简单的行动，侧重结果。
action 指抽象的行为、持续而复杂的行动，侧重于过程及作用。
e.g. It is a kind act to help a blind man cross the street.
Lily’s quick action saved the boy’s life.

cartoon kɑː'tuːn] n.卡通；漫画
e.g. The word “cartoon” came from Italian.
She is designing cartoons.
【单词】cartoonist n. 漫画家

culture ['kʌltʃə(r)] n.栽培；文化；教养 [c &u]
e.g. people from many different cultures.
【单词】cultured adj. 有教养的； culural adj. 与文化有关的

famous ['feɪməs] adj.著名的；有名的
e.g. Jackie Chan is a famous actor.
As we know, Zhang Jiajie is famous for the different shapes of mountains.
【短语】be famous for ...因为...而著名
be famous as...作为...而著名　

appear [ə'pɪə(r)] vi.出现；出版；显得　
e.g. A ship appeared on the horizon.
We expected him, but he never appeared.

come out ①出现；上演，发行
e.g. At the same time, many problems come out.
When will his new novel come out?
②（花）开放；出来
e.g. The trees turn green and the flowers come out in spring.
The moon is coming out.

become [bɪ'kʌm] v.变成；成为　
【用法】表示情况的开始、发展和结束的变化。后接名词、形容词（或其比较登机）、过去分词做表语。
e.g. He became a King.
Gelivable has become a hot word this year.
A man becomes learned by asking questions.(谚)
After the football match, he became famous.

rich [rɪtʃ] adj.
①富有的；富饶的；丰富的　
e.g. a rich businessman
My uncle is not rich, but he has many books in his room.
The rich get richer and the poor get poorer.
②“丰富的”，后常接介词in，表示“盛产，含有大量......”
e.g. This land is known to be rich in oil.
She is rich in the inner feelings
③贵重的，豪华的
e.g. This is a rich present.
【单词】richness n. 富裕，贵重；丰富多彩
rich and poor 穷人和富人
rich or poor 不管穷人还是富人

successful [sək'sesfl] adj.成功的；圆满的　
e.g. The operation was quite successful.
Jackie Chan is a very successful actor.

might [maɪt] aux.可能；也许；may的过去式
【用法】may的过去式形式，用来表示推测、渴望、期许。其可能性比may小，语气很弱。
e.g. Some parents might worry that their children’s hobbies can get in the way of school.
The book might be my sister’s.
【拓展】还可表示请求、允许，语气比较委婉（但并不表示过去）。
e.g. Might I sit down, Mrs. White?
I wonder if I might ask you a favor.

main [meɪn] adj.主要的；最重要的
e.g. the main course 主菜；a busy main road 繁忙的主路
The teacher asked me to write down the main point of the speech.

reason ['riːzn] n.原因；理由　
【用法】着重解释或说明某事发生的理由或原因，后面可接介词for，还可接why引导的定语从句。
e.g. The girl told her teacher the reason for absence.
The reason why Li Lei didn’t come was that he was ill.

film [fɪlm] n.
①“电影”，可数名词，复数形式 –s。“看电影”用see a film表示。
e.g. Would you like to see a flim?
The 3D Titanic is a moving film.
②“胶卷；胶片”，不可数名词，“一卷胶卷”用a roll of film。
e.g. Please give me a roll of film.

unlucky [ʌn'lʌki] adj.倒霉的；不幸的；不吉利的
e.g. I am unlucky enough to miss the last train.
I always seem to be unlucky at cards.　

lose [luːz] vt.丢失；失败vi.失败
【含义】①（及物）失去；丧生
e.g. He lost his life in the war.
Jack lost a leg in the accident.
②（及物）丢失，遗失
e.g. I lost my wallet yesterday.
The ticket seem to have got lost.
③（及物/不及物）输掉，未能获胜，失败
e.g. They will lose the game unless they try their best.
One false move may lose the game.（谚）

ready ['redi] adj.准备好的；乐意的
【用法】常用短语get/ be ready for… “为….做准备”，后接名词、代词或动词ing。
e.g. Breakfast is ready.
The children are ready for school at eight.
They are getting ready for the school trip.　
be ready to ①愿意做某事
e.g. He is always be ready to help others.
②准备做某事，同get ready to do sth..
e.g. I am ready to go.

try one’s best 尽某人最大努力。常用短语 try one’s best to do sth. 尽力做…,同do one’s best to do sth.
e.g. He is trying his best to improve his maths.
We should try our best to study well.

character ['kærəktə(r)] n.个性；品质；人物；
①人物；名人
e.g. I think he is a great character from his action.
②角色
e.g. He always plays the same character.
I really liked that character.
③性格，个性；特性
e.g. My character is very different from my brother.

a pair of
固定搭配，“一双，一副，一把，一条”，所修饰的东西由两部分组成，
分开则不能单独使用。
e.g. a pair of glasses / a pair of socks / a pair of pants ……
The trousers are dirty.
The pair of trousers is dirty.

a symbol of ……的象征
a symbol for ……的标志
e.g. The dove is the symbol of peace.
On the map, a cross is the symbol for a church.

come from
固定短语，“来自….”,同be from
e.g. They come from the United States.
I am from Beijing.

dress up 装扮；乔装打扮。强调刻意打扮
e.g. She likes to dress up for a party.
其他表示“穿”的用法：
①put on 后接衣物，表动作。
e.g. He put on his glasses to read the letter.
②wear后接衣物，表状态。
e.g. He always wears an old coat.
③dress后接sb./ oneself，不接衣物，表动作或状态。
e.g. My daughter is too young to dress herself.

take sb.’s place 代替；替换。同take the place of
e.g. Who’s going to take his place after he leaves.
No one can take the place of your manager.
注意：还可表示“就做/位”，与take one’s seat同义。
e.g. Take your place for the next dance.

army ['ɑːmi] n.军队；陆军；一大批
集体名词，“军队（尤指陆军）”，与air force, navy相对。做主语时，谓语动词可以是单数（强调整体），也可以是复数（强调个体）。
e.g. Her husband is in the army.
After leaving school, Mike went into the army.
“大群，大批”，多接复数名词，但其谓语动词一般为单数形式。
e.g. an army of volunteers.

do a good job 工作干得好；做得好。后常接借词in，“在…方面干得不错”。
e.g. As a student, you really did a good job.
We must do a great good job in transportation.

simple ['sɪmpl] adj.简单的；朴素的；单纯的；笨的