考场四六级英语作文辅导.doc

考场四六级英语作文辅导

B级考试作文辅导
致同学们:
背诵范文是作文的第一步也是最重要的一步。本资料是老师在教学及B级考试辅导过程中收集积累而成, 供同学们内部学习参考, 期望大家认真背诵格式要求和范文，并能活学活用，举一反三，力求在考试中写出高效高质的作文。本资料有不足之处，期待着同学们的反馈和补充，任何建议或资源请发送邮件至doujh1008@

一. 应试指导篇
A. 应试准备
写作部分的目的在于测试考生应用英语进行书面表达的一般能力。要提高书面表达能力，就必须多读、多背、多模仿、多练习。多读、多背对解决语言知识的问题非常有效。学习一种语言，在某种意义上就是一系列的记忆和练习活动。
首先，熟记是学习外语的关键之一。考生在准备考试过程中的背记，主要包括四个方面：
1） 背记常用的单词和词组，了解这些单词和词组的语言环境；
2） 背记常用的过渡词与句型；
3） 背记一些比较典型的范文；
4） 背记读过的文章或者看过的电影中一些写得好而且有意思的段落。
其次，多模仿、多练习非常有助于考生掌握写作技巧。为此，考生应多做句子、段落与短文的汉译英练习，同时练习写文章摘要，然后再练习写短文。
B. 注意事项
1） 合理分配时间。写作部分的时间约为35分钟，一般来说，时间可以分配如下：4－6分钟构思，23－27分钟写作，2－4分钟检查。
2） 要使用有把握的词汇、短语、句型和引用语。
3） 要合理布局，一般分3－5段，每段包含3－5句。
4） 要正确使用标点符号，避免残缺句和融合句。注意单词的拼写和字母的大、小写等。
5） 合理使用过渡词，使文章有较强的过渡性。
C. 思路启迪
就应用文的写作而言，根据考试大纲的要求，考生所写篇章在格式与语域方面必须恰当贴切。对目标读者完全会产生预期的效果。指在书面和口头表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语等。
考生在平时准备或考试时应该注意的重要方面有：
一：正式语体（书卷语）、一般语体（共核）、非正式语体（口语体）。在词汇层次、短语层次、句型层次和篇章层次都有区别。考生使用语言时应注意所使用语言的贴切性。
二：正式语体词的使用范围较窄，而且一般只在书面语中出现，若出现在口语中，则有讽刺、调侃或幽默的语用效果。考生需要按照正式或共核语体写作。
三：中性语体成分的使用范围比较广：既可以出现在正式语体中，也可以出现在一般介绍或叙述性语篇中，还可能出现在口语中。就这一类词汇的特点，英语的中性语体和口语、俚语等词汇一般都比较短小，尤其是后者，因为短，使用起来才方便，长了拗口。
四：考生在写作应用文时必须判断篇章的接受者与自己的亲密程度、接受者的身份高低、交际场合的正式程度、自己作为作者的身份等。综合考虑之后，再做出文体的判断。之后在选择恰当贴切的篇章组织、句型、词汇等。这样才能取得较好的分数。
五：文章组织时，要注意文章的一致性的原则：段落中的各个句子必须围绕一个主题（一个内容）展开；短文中的各个层次则围绕短文的主题，从不同侧面深入阐述。保证句子的统一性和连贯性是组词的基本要求。句子的统一性和连贯性是相辅相成的，最简单的解释是，意思完整，主次分明，前后连贯。从语义上看，句子各部分应该是紧密联系在一起，表达一个完整的意思；从语法角度来看，正确的句子应该是结构严谨，关系一致，语序正确；从修辞角度来年，好的句子应该是中心突出，逻辑性强，准确简练。如果一个句子表达的意思不完整，主次关系不明确，逻辑关系混乱，那么这个句子的统一性和连贯性就遭到了破坏，句子就有语病，读者也就无法了解作者的本意。

二. 写作技巧篇

（一）便条（note）
便条是当事人借到、领到、收到或归还钱物时留给或收到对方的有效凭证。便条大体上分为两类，即凭证性便条（如借条、欠条、收条等）和说明性便条（如请假条、留言等）。其格式一般包括：日期，称呼，正文和署名。
便条的格式和写法
　英文条据应用词简洁、准确，没有其他客套语；时间放在信纸的右上端，签名（全名）放在信纸的右下方。

1．借条 (Receipt for a Loan)
A. 范文:

February, 15th.2003
To Mrs. Wang Ling,
Borrowed from Mrs. Wang Ling ten thousand yuan (RMB10,000)to be paid back within one year from this date with interest at 9% per year.
Li Ming

B. 格式要求：

右上角写借期
To ____________ (某人)，

Borrowed from __________( 某部门) __________( 某物). Return within ______ （某日）.
右下角签名

C. 可选用的句子和短语：
Borrowed from ___ （sb） ___ （sth）. 今借到...
Return on within _____(date) _________ (at the rate /interest at...%) 从某人处借。。。某物。
某天归还。。。 ( 如果是借钱，要写明以百分之多少利息归还)
….to be paid back ….归还

2. 收条（Receipt）
A. 范文:
September, 1st. 2002

Received from Zhang Hua training fee RMB, 500.

Zhao Ming

B. 格式要求：

右上角写收到的日期
Received from __________( 某人) __________( 某物).
右下角签名

C. 可选用的句子和短语:
Received from ___ （sb） ___ （sth）今收到…(某日收到某人归还的某物)

3. 请假条 (Asking for leave)
A. 范文:

April 6,2003
Dear Mr. Wang,

Owing to a bad cold, I am unable to attend your classes today and I ask for a day’s sick leave.
Hoping you will excuse my non-attendance.

Li Ming

B. 格式要求：

右上角写收到的日期
Dear ________ (请假对像)
Owing to ___________ (请假原因), I am unable to ________ (缺席事项 ), I need to ask for _______(请假期限)’s leave.
Hoping you will excuse my non-attendance.
右下角签名

C. 可选用的句子和短语:
Owing to _______ (illness). 由于 ___(疾病).
I will be unable to attend party/meeting. 我将会不能够参加晚会/会议
I'd like to apply for a three-day leave of absence to look after my sick mother.我想请三天假,去照料我母亲,她不舒服了。
I'd like to ask for a sick leave (for 2 days, for my cold) from 14th to 15th, inclusive.
我想请一个病假___ (因为感冒,2天) 从14号 到15号, 包括15号。
I will be glad if you grant me the leave. 我将会高兴如果你批准我休假。
I promise to make up the duty as soon as possible. 我答应尽快地补上我该做的工作。
Enclosed is a doctor's certificate.附上医生的证书。
短语:
a three-day leave of absence 请假三天
go back home to see my father 回家看父亲
grant me the leave 批准我的请假
4. 留言 (Message)
A. 范文:
To Mr. Black,

Ms. Marie Smith of ABC Company visited this morning at 11:30 and asked you to call her back at 23901188 in office hour.

Linda

B. 格式要求：

To________ (被留言人的称呼)

____________ ( 来自….的留言人) visited this morning at 11:30 and you were not here, he asked you to call her back at _________ ( 电话或电子邮件) in office hour. (具体写明留言事项)
右下角留言人签名

注：如考试答题已给出了格式，就按其格式要求填写内容便可，留言条通常也就这两种书写格式，如下为真题示例
说明：按电话留言的格式和要求，以秘书helen的名义，给Mr.White写一份电话留言，包括以下内容，
1．来电人：霍尼韦尔（Honeywell）公司的Mr.Johnson
2. 来电时间：2001年 6 月25日上午 10点
3．事由：Mr.Johnson明天要出差去北京，因此原定与Mr.White后天上午的约会只能取消，等出差回来后再与Mr.White约时间会面。

参与范文
To: Mr.White
Time: 10.a.m., June 25, 2001
Message: Mr. Johnson of Honeywell Co. is going to Beijing on business tomorrow. His appointment with you on the morning of the 27th has to be cancelled. Mr. Johnson will contact you for another appointment when he is back.
From: Helen(secretary)

C. 可选用的句子和短语:
Mr. ____ called from Shanghai. Please call him today before 4:00 pm or any time tomorrow on 136…….某先生从上海打电话来, 请你在明天下午4点前任何时候都可以打电话 136… 给他.
Mrs. ______ called saying that she would be late for 20 minutes. 某太太打电话来说她可能要迟到20分钟.
let me know if … comes. 如果….来了就告诉我.

（二）通知、启事和海报
　通知、启事和海报是个人或团体向大众告知某一件事情的简短文字同，一般由标题、正文、落款（或时间）3部分组成，涉及主办单位、活动内容、议程安排、时间和地点等, 通常还会加上联系地址，联系人或联系电话。
1. 通知（Notice）
A. 范文1:

NOTICE

All teachers and students of Grade 1 are requested to meet in the department conference room on April 30th (Thursday) at 4:30 p. m. to hear a report on “Computer Assisted Language Learning”.

The Foreign Languages Office
April, 28th. 2003

真题示例
说明：以学生会的名义于2002年6月10日写一张演唱会的通知
演讲人：著名教授John Smith先生
时间：下周五晚上七点
地点：报告厅
主题：世界经济发展与中国加入WTO后中国轻工业的未来
领票时间及地点：每晚七点至九点在五号楼六零一房间
负责人：李明
Notice
Lecture on
Global Economic Development and the Future of Chinese Light Industry after China’s Entering WTO

Speaker: Professor John Smith
Time: 7 p.m. next Friday
Place: Lecture Hall
Every night between 7 o’clock and 9 o’clock, you can get the tickets in Room 601, Building No.5.
Li Ming is in charge of this.

范文 2:

FOUND(招领启事)

I happened to find a purse, inside which there are cards, cash and other things. Loser is expected to come to Room 412, Dormitory Building Ten to claim it. My phone number is 1222222.

Zhang Jun
Jan, 12th. 2002
范文 3:
Lost(寻物启事)
It is really my fault that I left my bag in Room 306 of the library yesterday, in which there are two textbooks. Will the finder please send it to me or contact me. I need it urgently.
Add: Room 406, Dorm Building Eight
Tel: [phone]
Profound thanks from,
Loser, Li Xin
April 1, 2008

B. 格式要求：

NOTICE ( 居中写标题)

正文写明通知对象、事情、时间和地点
右下角 签名
最后写 日期

C. 可选用的句子和短语:
All salesmen are required to attend a meeting at Room …. Building ….所有的销售人员请在…号楼,… 号房间开会.
Due to the storm, the meeting will be postponed to next week. 由于风雨,会议推迟到下星期.
For more information, please contact…. 更多信息,请咨询…
Please make reservations before … 在… 之前,请预定.
All the teachers are expected to be present
This is to notify that….

2.广告 advertisement
语言精简，条条列出重点
A. 范文1:

LAKE HOTEL
A warm welcome from the heart of Lake Hotel staff!
Our 30 rooms and one suite are air-conditioned with satellite TVs and telephone
Superb bathrooms
Wine bar
Transportation from and to airport
Single room: $50 Double: $55 Twin: $70 Suite:$166
Contact us: Tel: [phone]
Fax:
Address:

练习
1. 通知
兹定于2003年10月8日在西校区1－312　举行“中国加入WTO对职业教育的影响”报告会，一年级学生及学生会全体成员均要求参加。
学院办公室
2003年10月5日
2. 启事
玛丽.特纳小姐和托德.沙利文先生谨宣布于2000年10月18日（星期六）在纽约结婚，特此敬告亲友。
3 球讯
今天下午4：30我系和计算机系篮球队在本校篮球场进行友谊比赛。欢迎大家观看助兴。
外语系
4月19日

练习答案:

Notice
All the students of Grade 1 and members of the Student Union are requested to meet in the Room 1-312, West Campus on Oct, 8th. 2003 to hear a report on “The Impact of China’s Entry into WTO on Vocational Education.”
The Administrative Office
Oct, 5th. 2003

2.
Miss Mary Turner
And Mr. Todd Sullivan
Announce their marriage
on
Saturday, October eighteenth
Nineteen hundred ninety-eight
3．
Basketball Match
We are going to have a basketball match with the Computer Department on the playground at 4:30 this afternoon. Welcome to watch the match.
The Foreign Languages Department.
April, 19th

（三）传真和电子邮件
传真是以书面形式传递的业务信函，电子邮件是通过网络传输的现代交流方式，它们是两种当今社会使用最多的书面通讯方式。
1,传真（Fax）
A. 范文:
Fax
To: Customer Enquiries Section Fax: [phone]
From: Maria King, General Manager Fax:[phone]
Date: March 6, 2009 page(s):1
Dear Sir or Madam,
Wooden domestic products
We would like you to send us a catalogue and a price list regarding your wooden domestic products.
We are interested in discussing terms with you and want to know the discounts you offer on large orders.
Yours
Maria King
General Manager

B. 格式要求：
Fax
To: 收件人名，头衔，地址或单位 Fax: 收件人传真号
From: 发件人名，头衔，地址或单位 Fax:发件人传真号
Date:传真日期 page(s):页数
Dear 收件人,
主题
正文——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————.
Yours
署名

C. 可选用的句子和短语:
xx Enterprises Co. Ltd client
Reply to in response to
If this is convenient, please inform us of the specific time of his visit so that we can make further arrangements.

2, 内部通知或内部文告（memo）
Memo是指公司的内部文告或便函，用于向员工发布公司信息或员工之间， 上下级之间沟通事务，它一般要求篇幅简短，语言简洁， 主题突出，不需要寒暄，问候，开门见山，无需称呼或落款
范文
Memo
Date: March 22,2003
To: All Departmental Managers
From: Sales manager
Date: March 22,2008
Subject: Discuss the Sales Plan for the 3rd quarter of 2007
The sales department has made a sales plan for the 3rd quarter of 2007. it is going to hold a meeting to discuss it in the conference room of the company at 1:00 pm on June 19th. We hope all department managers will attend. If you cannot be present, please notify my secretary Linda in advance. Thank you.
Cc: General manager

B. 格式要求：
Memo
To: 收件人，头衔 ，部门
From: 发件人，头衔 ，部门
Date: 日期
Subject: 主题
The sales department has made a sales plan for the 3rd quarter of 2007. it is going to hold a meeting to discuss it in the conference room of the company at 1:00 pm on June 19th. We hope all department managers will attend. If you cannot be present, please notify my secretary Linda in advance. Thank you.
Cc: 其他收件人

C. 可选用的句子和短语:
I told that we could offer his company a 5% discount on orders over $1000
If any difficulties are met in its completion by this date, please inform me.

3,电子邮件（E-mail）
A. 范文:

From: Baiyun College gbvtcfao@
To: David Williams < [e-mail]>
Cc: ljyang@
Subject: Time to visit
Attachment: Time to visit
Date: March 22,2003

Dear Mr. Smith,
Thank you for your kind invitation to your school this Saturday morning. I will arrive at your school at 10:00 a.m. Would you please tell me where we shall meet, please?

With best regards,
Li Ming

B. 格式要求：
From: 发件人邮箱地址
To: 收件人邮箱地址
Cc:其他人的地址（可省略）
Subject: 主题（一定要写）
Attachment: 附件（附件文本名字）
Date: 日期（可小到钟点）

Dear xxx,
正文Thank you for your kind invitation to your school this Saturday morning. I will arrive at your school at 10:00 a.m. Would you please tell me where we shall meet, please?

With best regards,
署名

C. 可选用的句子和短语:
Attached is my proposal
Please see the above in the attachment
Attached please find the meeting minutes

（四）信函
书信是人们运用文字交流感情、沟通情况的一种应用文体，信函是一种较重要的业务书信。它有6C原则：Completeness(完整)、Correctness(正确)、Clearness(清楚)、Conciseness(简洁)、
Courtesy(礼貌)、Consideration（体谅）。一般信函的格式如下表：

International Programs
Cambridge University
London, 100027
U.K.
Dec. 28, 2003

The Garden Hotel
Guangzhou
P. R. of China

Dear Sir,

Please send me rates for a single room with bath. Would you have something available from Monday afternoon, March, 4th., through the night of Wednesday, March, 6th.?

I’d appreciate an immediate reply so I can make reservations right away.
Thank you.

Sincerely,

Tony Smith

写信人详细地址

日期

收信人详细地址

称呼

正文

结尾敬语

签名

1．证明信（Letter of Certification）
证明信是证明一个人的身分、经历或某件事情真相的信件或文件。提交的对象为单位（或公司），称号、格式固定化。开头一般为“兹证明……”（This is to certify that.）如：

A 范文

Oct. 10, 2003

To whom it may concern,

This is to certify that Mr. Li Ming has studied in Foreign Languages Department of Guangzhou University from September, 2002 to July, 2003.

Guangzhou University

日期

固定称呼

正文

单位名称

B 格式要求
_________

To whom it may concern,

This is to certify that _______________________________________________________.

____________________
C可选用的句子和短语

1.To whom it may concern，
有关人士：
2.This is to certify that sb (has, had, was)___as a___(职务）+at单位 /doing时间
兹证明 某人在某单位做某职务多少时间
3. sb did __job (reliable，honest, hard working ....)
某人做 __ 工作 ( 可靠，诚实, 努力工作....)
D 练习
请以伯明翰(Birmingham) 大学计算机主任(Ray Mace) 的名义给法驻英使馆写一封证明信.
兹证明雷伟先生是中华人民共各国公民.自2000年2月至于2001年2 月在伯明翰大学语言系作为访问学者从事计算机科学的学习和研究.雷伟先生拟于5月份携妻儿去巴黎旅游1周,之后将继续回校学习.特此证明.

伯明翰大学计算机系主任: Ray Mace
写信时间 : 2000年4月23日

E 答案

Department of PC Science
Birmingham University
U.K.
April 23,2000
To whom it may concern ,

This is to certify that Mr. Lei Wei is a citizen of the People’s A China. Now he is under taking studies and research work on computer science here as a visiting scholar in our faculty from February 2000 to February 2001. I understand that Mr. Lei is planning to pay a week’s visit to Paris in May with his wife and son and then resume his study in our university.

Don’t hesitate to contact me if you need any further in formation.

Sincerely yours,

Ray Mace
Dean of the Department of
Computer Science

2. 邀请信

A 范文 1:
Informal Letter of invitation（非正式邀请函）

April 6,2003

Dear Li ,

I heard that you are just back from Britain an