GWD-TN-11.doc

T09 (Typed by 大灰熊 & IBelieve)
GWD-TN-11

T-3-Q1:GWD-11-40
Scientists who studied the famous gold field known as Serra Pelada concluded that the rich lode was not produced by the accepted methods of ore formation but that swarms of microbes over millions of years concentrated the gold from jungle soils and rivers and rocks.

A. not produced by the accepted methods of ore formation but that swarms of microbes over millions of years
B. not produced by the accepted methods of ore formation but instead swarms of microbes over millions of years that
C. not produced by the accepted methods of ore formation but swarms of microbes over millions of years that
D. produced not by the accepted methods of ore formation but by swarms of microbes that over millions of years
E. produced not by the accepted methods of ore formation but that swarms of microbes over millions of years

T-3-Q2.
As the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act of stinging causing the bee to sustain a fatal injury.
A. As the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act of stinging causing
B. As the heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes
C. Honeybee’s stinger, heavily barbed and staying where it is inserted, results in the fact that the act of stinging causes
D. The heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, and results in the act of stinging causing
E. The honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed and stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes

T-3-Q3.
Scientists have made genetic modifications to cotton to increase its resistance to insect pests. According to farmers’ report, the amount of insecticide needed per acre to control insect pests was only slightly lower for those who tried the modified seed than for those who did not. Therefore, since the modified seed costs more than ordinary seed without producing yields of higher market value, switching to the modified seed would be unlikely to benefit most cotton farmers economically.

Which of the following would it be most useful to know in order to evaluate the argument?

A. Whether farmers who tried the modified cotton seed had ever tried growing other crops from genetically modified seed.
B. Whether the insecticides typically used on ordinary cotton tend to be more expensive than insecticides typically used on other crops.
C. Whether for most farms who grow cotton it is their primary crop
D. Whether the farmers who have tried the modified seed planted as many acres of cotton, on average, as farmers using the ordinary seed did.
E. Whether most of the farmers who tried the modified seed did so because they had previously had to use exceptionally large quantities of insecticide.

17

T-3-Q4-Q6
In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, many Western Pueblo settlements in what is now the southwestern United States may have possessed distinctly hierarchical organizational structures. These communities’ agricultural systems ―which were “intensive” in the use of labor rather than “extensive” in area ―may have given rise to political leadership that managed both labor and food resources. That formal management of food resources was needed is suggested by the large size of storage spaces located around some communal Great Kivas (underground ceremonial chambers). Though no direct evidence exists that such spaces were used to store food, Western Pueblo communities lacking sufficient arable land to support their populations could have preserved the necessary extra food, including imported foodstuffs, in such apparently communal spaces.
Moreover, evidence of specialization in producing raw materials and in manufacturing ceramics and textiles indicates differentiation of labor within and between communities. The organizational and managerial demands of such specialization strengthen the possibility that a decision making elite existed, an elite whose control over labor, the use of community surpluses, and the acquisition of imported goods would have led to a concentration of economic resources in their own hands. Evidence for differential distribution of wealth is found in burials of the period: some include large quantities of pottery, jewelry, and other artifacts, whereas others from the same sites lack any such materials.

T-3-Q4
Which of the following, if true, would most clearly undermine the author’s statement in the last sentence of the passage(lines 38-43) regarding the distribution of wealth in Western Pueblo settlements?

A. Only community members of exceptional wealth are likely to have been buried with their personal possessions.
B. Members of communities with extensive agricultural systems are usually buried without personal possessions.
C. Most artifacts found in burial sites were manufactured locally rather than imported from other communities.
D. Burial artifacts are often ritual objects associated with religious practices rather than being the deceased’s personal possessions.
E. The quality of burial artifacts varies depending on the site with which they are associated.

T-3-Q5
According to the passage, which of the following is probably true of the storage spaces mentioned in line 14?

A. They were used by the community elite for storage of their own food supplies.
B. They served a ceremonial as well as a practical function.
C. Their size is an indication of the wealth of the particular community to which they belonged.
D. Their existence proves that the community to which they belonged imported large amounts of food.
E. They belonged to and were used by the community as a whole.

T-3-Q6
The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. outline the methods by which resources were managed within a particular group of communities
B. account for the distribution of wealth within a particular group of communities
C. provide support for a hypothesis concerning the social structure of a particular society
D. explain how political leadership changed in a particular historical situation
E. present new evidence that contradicts previous theories about a particular historical situation

T-3-Q7.
In Scotland, the number of wild salmon have been reduced because of uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting, by pollution, and by various other threats to the fish’s habitat.

A. number of wild salmon have been reduced because of uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting
B. number of wild salmon is reduced because deep-sea and coastal netting is not controlled
C. numbers of wild salmon has been reduced because of uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting
D. wild salmon’s numbers are reduced by deep-sea and coastal netting that is not controlled
E. wild salmon’s numbers have been reduced by uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting.

T-3-Q8.
The number of applications for teaching positions in Newtown’s public schools was 5.7 percent lower in 1993 than in 1985 and 5.9 percent lower in 1994 than in 1985. despite a steadily growing student population and an increasing number of teacher resignations, however, Newtown does not face a shortage in the late 1990’s.

Which of the following, if true, would contribute most to an explanation of the apparent discrepancy above?

A. Many of Newtown’s public school students do not graduate from high school
B. New housing developments planned for Newtown are (shared) for occupancy in 1987 and are expected to increase the number of elementary school students in Newtown’s public
C. The Newtown school board does not contemplate increasing the ratio of students to teachers in the 1990’s.
D. Teachers’ colleges in and near Newtown produced lower graduates in 1994 than in 1993
E. In 1993 Newtown’s public schools received 40 percent more applications for teaching positions than there were positions available.

T-3-Q9-Q12 N-6-Q7-Q10

In recent years, Western business managers have been heeding the exhortations of business journalists and academics to move their companies toward long-term, collaborative “strategic partnerships” with their external business partners (e.g., suppliers). The experts’ advice comes as a natural reaction to numerous studies conducted during the past decade that compared Japanese production and supply practices with those of the rest of the world. (15) The link between the success of a certain well-known Japanese automaker and its effective management of its suppliers, for example, has led to an (20) unquestioning belief within Western management circles in the value of strategic partnerships. Indeed, in the automobile sector all three United States manufacturers and most of their European competitors have launched programs to reduce their total number of suppliers and move toward having strategic partnerships with a few.
However, new research concerning supplier relationships in various industries demonstrates that the widespread assumption of Western managers and business consultants that Japanese firms manage their suppliers primarily through strategic partnerships is (38) unjustified. Not only do Japanese firms appear to conduct a far smaller proportion of their business through strategic partnerships than is commonly believed, but they also make extensive use of “market-exchange” relationships, in which either party can turn to the marketplace and shift to different business partners at will, a practice usually associated with Western manufacturers. (49)


T-3-Q9 N-6-Q7
The passage is primarily concerned with

A. examining economic factors that may have contributed to the success of certain Japanese companies
B. discussing the relative merits of strategic partnerships as compared with those of market-exchange relationship
C. challenging the validity of a widely held assumption about how Japanese firms operate
D. explaining why Western companies have been slow to adopt a particular practice favored by Japanese companies
E. pointing out certain differences between Japanese and Western supplier relationships

T-3-Q10 N-6-Q8
According to the passage, the advice referred to in line 9 was a response to which of the following?

A. A recent decrease in the number of available suppliers within the United States automobile industry
B. A debate within Western management circles during the past decade regarding the value of strategic partnerships
C. The success of certain European automobile manufactures that have adopted strategic partnerships
D. An increase in demand over the past decade for automobiles made by Western manufacturers
E. Research comparing Japanese business practices with those of other nations

T-3-Q11 N-6-Q9
The author mentions “the success of a certain well-known Japanese automaker” (lines 15-17) most probably in order to

A. demonstrate some of the possible reasons for the success of a certain business practice
B. cite a specific case that has convinced Western business experts of the value of a certain business practice
C. describe specific steps taken by Western automakers that have enabled them to compete more successfully in a global market
D. introduce a paradox about the effect of a certain business practice in Japan
E. indicate the need for Western managers to change their relationships with their external business partners

T-3-Q12 N-6-Q10
Which of the following is most clearly an example of the practice referred to in lines 38-49 of the passage?

A. A department store chain that employs a single buyer to procure all the small appliances to be sold in its stores.
B. An automobile manufacture that has used the same supplier of a particular axle component for several years in a row.
C. A hospital that contracts only with union personnel to staff its nonmedical positions.
D. A municipal government that decides to cancel its contract with a waste disposal company and instead hire its own staff to perform that function.
E. A corporation that changes the food-service supplier for its corporate headquarters several times over a five-year period as part of a cost-cutting campaign.

T-3-Q13.
The traditional treatment of strep infections has been a seven-day course of antibiotics, either penicillin or erythromycin. However, since many patients stop taking those drugs within three days, reinfection is common in cases where these drugs are prescribed. A new antibiotic requires only a three-day course of treatment. Therefore, reinfection will probably be less common in cases where the new antibiotic is prescribed than in cases where either penicillin or erythromycin is prescribed.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

A. Some of people who are allergic to penicillin are likely to be allergic to the new antibiotic.
B. A course of treatment with the new antibiotic costs about the same as a course of treatment with either penicillin or erythromycin.
C. The new antibiotic has been shown to be effective in eradicating bacterial infections other than strep.
D. Some physicians have already begun to prescribe the new antibiotic instead of penicillin or erythromycin for the treatment of some strep infections
E. Regardless of whether they take a traditional antibiotic or the new one, most patients feel fully recovered after taking the drug for three days.

T-3-Q14.
A scrub jay can remember when it cached a particular piece of food in a particular place, researchers have discovered, and tend not to bother to recover a perishable treat if stored long enough to have rotted.

A. tend not to bother to recover a perishable treat if
B. they tend not to bother recovering a perishable treat
C. tending not to bother recovering a perishable treat if
D. tends not to bother recovering a perishable treat
E. tends not bothering to recover a perishable treat if

T-3-Q15.
The population of India has been steadily increasing for decades, and it will probably have what is estimated as 1.6 billion people by 2050 and surpass China as the world’s most populous nation.

A. it will probably have what is estimated as
B. they are likely to have
C. the country will probably have
D. there will probably be
E. there will be an estimated

T-3-Q16.
In response to mounting public concern, an airplane manufacturers implement a program with well-publicized goal of reducing by half the total yearly amount of hazardous waste generated by its passenger-jet division. When the program began in 1994, the division’s hazardous waste was 90 pounds per production worker, last year it was 40 pounds per production worker. Clearly, therefore, charges that the manufacturer’s program has not met its goal are false.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. the amount of nonhazardous waste generate