过去进行时和现在完成时2.doc

过去进行时用法及练习题
Dear Isabel,
Thank you for your last letter. Here are photos of me and my twin sister Liu Ying. As you can see, in some ways we look the same, and in some ways we look different. We both have black eyes and black hair, although my hair is shorter than hers. We both like sports, although Liu Ying is more athletic than me. She’s more outgoing, and I’m quieter. I think I’m smarter than her. My favorite subjects are physics and chemistry, and her favorite subject is PE. However, we both enjoy going to parties. Please visit us soon!
Love,
Liu Li
Questions:
1. Does Liu Li have more than one sister?
2. What does the twins sister look like?
3. Who is taller? Who is more athletic? Who is more quieter?
4. What’re Liu Li’s favorite subjects?
I like to have friends who are like me. I’m quieter than most of the kids in my class, and my best friend Yuan Li is quiet,too. There are some differences, though. I’m smarter than YuaShe’s more athletic.
It’s not necessary to be the same. I like to have friends who are different from me. My best friend Larry is taller and more outgoing than me. We both like sports, but Larry is more athletic than me. He always beats me in tennis. Also, I’m quieter than he is.
I really don’t care. My best friend is Carol. Carol is very funny, and more outgoing than I am. But we both like doing the same things. I don’t think differences are important in a friendship.
Fill these blanks, one word one blank:
1. I like to have friends ________ are like me.
2. I’m _________ than most of the kids in my class.
3. I’m __________ than Yuan Li.
4. It’s not ___________ to be the same.
5. I like to have friends _________ are different ________ me.
6. We __________ like sports, _______ Larry is ________ althletic than me.
7. Carol is very _________, and ________ ________ than I am.
8. I don’t think __________ are _________ in a friendship.
过去进行时的定义
1．定义： 过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。①I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time. ② I was watching TV at home last night.
2. 过去进行时的结构 过去进行时由“was / were + 现在分词”构成。 ①．I was doing my lessons then. ②．We were cleaning the house.
3. 使用过去进行时应注意的几点 (1) 过去进行时可表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作。 He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon. 他说他今天下午要去北京。
　(2) 动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。 I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否过来跟我们一起活动? (3) 过去进行时中有always, forever, continually, constantly修饰时，表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。He was always thinking of others. 他总是想到人家。 4. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 (1) 过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。　①　He was writing his composition last night.　②　He wrote his composition last night 　(2) 表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。 I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 　(3) 一般过去时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”;而过去进行时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感****彩。如 ①　He always got up at six. ②　He was always thinking of his work. (4) 有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的;而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 ①.I thought that he would agree with us. ②. I was thinking of persua　六、过去进行时练习题
Ⅰ 编写句子
　1．When the teacher came in, ___________________.
　2．When it rained heavily last night, ______________.
　3．When my mother came back from work, __________.
　4．When the bell rang, __________________________.
　5．When I left home, ___________________________.
　6．When my father got up, _______________________.
　7．While I was reading English, __________________.
　8．While he was sweeping the floor, _______________.
　9．While the baby was sleeping, __________________.
　10．I ________ this time yesterday morning.
　Ⅱ 单项选择
　( )1.My brother ___ while he ___ his bicycle and hurt himself.
　1.My brother ___ while he ___ his bicycle and hurt himself.
　A.fell, was riding B. fell, were ridinC.had fallen, rode D. had fallen, was riding
　( )2. Tom ___ into the house when no one ___. A.slipped, was lookin
B. had slipped, lookeC.slipped, had looked D. was slipping, looked
( )3.The last time I __ Jane she ___ cotton in the fields.
A. had seen, was picking B. saw, picke C. had seen, picked D. saw, was picking ( )4.I don ' t think Jim saw me; he ___ into space. A.just stared 　　　　　　　　　　 B. was just stari C.has just stared 　　　D. had just stared
( )5.I first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been working 　D. had worked
( )6.---Hey, look where you are going! ---Oh, I 'm terribly sorry _____.
　　A.I 'm not noticing B.I wasn't noticin C.I haven't noticed D.I don't notice 　 7.The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it.
　A.was traveling B. traveled C.had been traveling 　D. was to travel
　( )8. I ___ my breakfast when the morning post came.
　A.had 　　B. had been having　 C.have been having 　　D. was having
　( )9.When I arrived at his office, he ___ on the phone.
　A.was speaking 　　B.spo C.had been speaking 　　 D. had spoken
　现在完成时的用法
1.定义：

　　现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意
2.用法
　　(1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。
　　-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I’ve just had it.
　　你(已经)吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)
　　(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。①.He has taught here since 1981
　　他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)②. I have’t seen her for four years.
　　(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。  I have been to Beijing twice.
3.现在完成时的时间状语
　(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
　a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
　　They haven’t finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
　b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？
　　-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
　c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.
　　我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
　　He has been there three times the last few days.
　　近几年他去过那里三次了。
　　d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven’t.
　　今天你见过他吗？我 没有。
　　How many times have you been there this year?
　　今年你去过那里多少次？
　(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven’t seen him for two years. 但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：
arrive→be here begin(start)→be on  die →be dead come back→be back
leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) get up→be up go out →be out
finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或 be a member of…
close →be closed go to school→be a student 　borrow →keep buy →have 
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→study come to work→work
①.He has been a soldier for three years. ②.His father has been dead for two years.
③.The film has been on for ten minutes. ④.We have studied English for three years. 
4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
　　现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：
　　I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到)
　　I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明)
5.几点注意事项
　　(1)have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。①.They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 ②.He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。
　　(2)如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。
　　(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
　现在完成时练习题
一、翻译下列句子：
1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ 2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 4. 他已经吃过午饭了。
5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6. 我哥哥还没回来。
7. 我上星期看过这部电影。 8. 在1992年他住在这里。
9.这本字典我已买了三年了。 10.他离开中国三年了。
11.我认识他们五年了。 12.他们已去了美国五年了。
13.自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。 14.他们已经结婚10年。
15.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 16.这会已开了多长时间了？
17.这门已经关了两天了。 18.我入团2年了。
I __________ ___________ ___________ two years ago.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ ___________ for two years.
I _________ _________ a ___________ of __________ _________ for two years.
I __________ ___________ ____________ the __________ for two years.
19.自从1999年以来他们就认识。 20.我来到农场已5年了。
二、用过去时或现在完成时填空：
1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”
“When ________ you __________ (have) it?”“I ____________ (have) it at 12:00.”
2. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”
“Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (write) one last week.”
3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”
4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”
5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.
6. Your father _________ (finish) his work just now.
7. Last term I __________ (learn) many English words.
8. They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet.
9. He _____________ never ____________ (go) to the science museum.
10. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink) coke?
11. “____________ you _____________ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I __________ .”
“Where __________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ I ___________ (buy) it in a bookstore.”
“When ___________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”
三、用since和for填空
1. ______ two years 2._______ two years ago 3. _______ last month 4.______ 1999
5._______ yesterday 6. _______ 4 o’clock 7. ______ 4 hours 8._______ an hour ago
9. _______ we were children 10. _____ lunch time 11.______ she left here
12. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
13. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
15. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
四、短暂性动词转换为延续性动词
①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.
→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
2) I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
3) I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
4) They came here last week.
They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out
1) He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③become → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
2) The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④close → be closed open → be open
1) The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning.
The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤get up → be up； die → be dead； leave sw. → be away from sw.
fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep； finish/end → be over；
marry → be married；
1) I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
2) He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ _________.
6) They married in 1990.
They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. ；begin → be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2) The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦borrow → keep； lose → not have ；buy → have ；put on → wear
catch/get a cold → have a cold； get to know → know
1) They borrowed it last week.
They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
3) I got to know him last year.I _______ _______ him since __________ __________.
4) I put on my glasses three years ago.
I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.
⑧have/has gone to → have been in
He has gone to Beijing.
He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.
⑨join the league/the Party/the army
→ be a league/a Party member/a soldier
→ be a member of the league/the Party
→ be in the league/the Party/the army
1) He joined the league in 2002.
He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.
He _______ _________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.
He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.
2) My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother ________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.
My brother __________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.
划线提问
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ?
2) My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?
3) He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________?
4) They bought a book two hours ago.
__________ ___________ they __________ a book
六、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________? B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times _______ Li Fei ______ to that place?B: He _____________ there only once.
七、用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country. 2) David ________ the park just now.
3) John _______ England since he came back. 4) How long _____ have _____ this village?
5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.
6) _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.
7) I _____ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.
9) When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago.
10) Would you like to _____ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before.
11) Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ the zoo.