图表作文的写作.doc

图表作文的写作图表作文要求考生根据图表提供的数字或文字信息，找出某种规律或得出一个结论，解释说明图表。图表可分为：表格(table)，条形图(bar graph)，曲线图(line graph)和圆形图(pie graph)。写好这种类型作文的要求：1) 圆形图形式旨在要求考生准确理解并阐述一个被分割成大小不等切片的圆形图所传达的信息。考生应清楚掌握部分与整体，部分与部分之间的相互关系，这种关系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。2) 柱形图形式要求考生通过宽度相等的柱形的高度或长度差别来判断事物的动态发展趋势，因此考生应密切关注坐标线上的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明与文字。3) 曲线图形式要求考生认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并且密切注意交汇在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位。4) 表格形式要求考生对表格中所给出的大量数字进行比较分析，从中找出其变化规律。 一、图表作文的写作步骤(1) 理解并描述整体信息 分析图表的标题，包括附标题所提供的信息，联系题目与表中文字信息的关系，弄懂作文的主题思想，观察趋向和结果，找出变化的规律。用一两句话，就图表所反映的主题、事物发展的趋向和结果以及所反映出的深层问题等方面做出概括性的评论（一般不包括数字）。 (2) 具体信息描述观察表中数据的变化，加以比较和归纳，选出差距变化最大、最有意义、最能说明主题的信息。避免过分详细、逐一罗列。(3) 通过对图表的分析，进行恰如其分地说明，在次基础上归纳和总结，得出结论。二、 图表作文常用的句型和词汇1 常用的开篇句型和词汇The table (graph) shows/tells us/ reveals thatAs can be seen from the graph above;As shown in the graph;As indicated by the resultsFrom the table, it is noted/clear thatThe figures show thatThe charts above indicateWe can see from the table/chart/graph thatAccording to / From the table/graph/statistics, we can findThe chart shows the gradual rise inThere was a sharp fall in2表示比较的一些句型After a steady decline for 5 years, the rate/number begins rising once again.In 2000, there were 15,000 Color TV Set, and in 2001, the number reached/ approached 30,000.This year, the products dropped to half compared with those of last year.Compared with the number of 2000, it still increased by 3680, with an increasing proportion of 2%.The number of grew/rose form toThe yield of grain in our country in 2001 was 5 times as much as that of 1997.This business done this year amounts to 500,000 dollars as against 200,000 dollars last year.A and B are completely different in every respect. 3关于上升、下降和平稳趋势的描述v 上升1. 对于上升趋势的描述：a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组：to increaseto go upto riseto growto jumpto leapto soarto shootto pick upb. 可以使用的名词：an increasea growtha jumpa soaran upward trend v 2. 对于上升到某个位置的描述：a. 动词to具体数据。b. 动词tothe peak of具体数据。c. 动词reaching the peak of +具体数据。d. 动词reaching + 具体数据。e. to peak at 具体数据f. to climb to + 具体数据 v 3. 对于上升的程度的描述：a. 动词by具体数据。b. 动词副词。（见下降）v 下降1. 对于下降趋势的描述：a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组：to fallto decreaseto go downto slideto collapseto declineto dropb. 可以使用的名词：a collapsea decreasea falla declinea drop v 2. 对于下降到某个位置的描述：a. 动词to具体数据。b. 动词tothe bottom of具体数据。c. 动词reaching the bottom of +具体数据。d. 动词reaching + 具体数据 v 3. 对于下降程度的描述：a. 动词by 具体数据。b. 动词副词。v 对于平稳的趋势的描述：可以使用的动词或动词词组：to hardly changeto have little changeto keep steadyto level offto remain constantto stay the same v 表示程度的副词：1. 程度较大：considerablydramaticallygreatlymarkedlyobviouslyquicklyrapidlysharplysignificantlysuddenlyv 2. 程度较小：slightlygraduallyslowlysteadilyv 时间的嵌入嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组：infromtobetween.andduringandat the start of by the end of over at the end of throughout v 上升和下降趋势的组合描述（嵌入了时间和程度之后）：1. 先上升后下降的句型：. increased slowly during and but fell sharply in . A steady increase in during and followed the sharp fall in . 2. 先下降后上升的句型： dropped during but increased again in fell and then picked up during collapsed before rising to at the end of 3. 起伏波动的句型： fluctuated sharply all through 4. 波动不大的句型： hardly changed through the period between and v 对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型： % of the is/has/have/are accounts for % of the total takes up % in the whole chartv 趋势的比较1. 表示相似的句型 (实例) ：Both share prices rose sharply in January.Like X, Y fell in June.2. 表示差异的句型（实例）：X fell sharply whereas/while Y remained steady.Unlike Y, X rose by 10%.X rose far more dramatically than Y.3. 表示倍数的句型：the doubled/tripled in compared with those in 4. 客观比较的句型： is in contrast to 4