专业八级98.doc

by highmore
TEM-8 (1998)
QUESTION BOOKLET　
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (98)
- GRADE EIGHT -
PAPER ONE
TIME LIMIT: 95 MIN.

PART ONE LISTENING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN.)
Direction: In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response for each question on your Coloured Answer Sheet.

SECTION A. TALK
Questions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions.
Now listen to the talk.

1. According to the talk, compulsive gambling and alcoholic addiction share similarities because ____.
A. no actual figure of addicts has been reported.
B. no scientific studies have yielded effective solutions.
C. both affect all sectors of society.
D. both cause serious mental health problems.
正确答案是

2. The development of the gambling compulsion can be described as being ____.
A. gradual.
B. slow.
C. periodic.
D. radical.
正确答案是

3. G. A. mentioned in the talk is believed to be a(n) ____.
A. anonymous group.
B. charity organization.
C. gamblers' club.
D. treatment centre.
正确答案是

4. At the end of the talk, the speaker's attitude towards the cure of gambling addiction is ____.
A. unclear.
B. uncertain.
C. optimistic.
D. pessimistic.
正确答案是

5. Throughout the talk, the speaker examines the issue of gambling in a ____ way.
A. balanced
B. biased
C. detached
D. lengthy
正确答案是

SECTION B. INTERVIEW
Questions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions.
Now listen to the interview.

6. What strikes the woman most about the male robber is his ____.
A. clothes.
B. age.
C. physique.
D. appearance.
正确答案是

7. The most detailed information about the woman robber is her ____.
A. manners.
B. talkativeness.
C. height.
D. jewelry.
正确答案是

8. The interviewee is believed to be a bank ____.
A. receptionist.
B. manager.
C. customer.
D. cashier.
正确答案是

9. Which of the following about the two robbers is NOT true?
A. Both were wearing dark sweaters.
B. Neither was wearing glasses.
C. Both were about the same age.
D. One of them was marked by a scar.
正确答案是

10. After the incident the interviewee sounded ____.
A. calm and quiet.
B. nervous and numb.
C. timid and confused.
D. shocked and angry.
正确答案是

SECTION C. NEWS BROADCAST
Questions 11 and 12 are based on the following news. At the end of the news items, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions.

11. According to the news, the enormous food shortage in Iraq has the most damaging effect on its ____.
A. national economy.
B. adult population.
C. young children.
D. national currency.
正确答案是

12. The WFP is appealing to donor nations to ____.
A. double last year's food-aid.
B. raise '122 million for Iraqi people.
C. provide each Iraqi family with '26 a month.
D. help Iraq's 12 million population.
正确答案是

Questions 13 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question.

13. As a result of the agreement, the two countries' arsenals are to be ____.
A. upgraded in reliability and safety.
B. reduced in size and number.
C. dismantled partly later this year.
D. maintained in their present conditions.
正确答案是

Questions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions.

14. We can infer from the news that ____ of teenagers under survey in 1993 were drug users.
A. 28%.
B. 22%.
C. 25%.
D. 21%.
正确答案是

15. The following statements are correct EXCEPT ____.
A. Parents are asked to join in the anti-drug efforts.
B. The use of both cocaine and LSD are on the increase.
C. Teenagers hold a different view of drugs today.
D. Marijuana is as powerful as it used to be.
正确答案是

SECTION D NOTE-TAKING & GAP-FILLING
Direction: In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONLY ONCE. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

ANSWER SHEET ONE

Fill in each of the gaps with ONE suitable word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.

The Rise of RP
Historical reasons

Received Pronunciation (RP) was originally associated with a (16) spoken in the region between central England and London, including Oxford and Cambridge. Its survival was due to its
use by the (17) in the 14th century and by university students in the (18) Ages.

Its rise in importance resulted from its application in government and official documents. The prestige of its (19) pattern of pronunciation came about with its use in (20) schools in the 19th century.

As a result, its (21) is accepted by Television and the radio, the professions and teaching English as a foreign language.

Three characteristics of RP

1) its speakers don't regard themselves as connected with any geographical region;
2) RP is largely used in England;
3) RP is a `class' accent, associated with (22) social classes.

Its present status

Decline in the prestige of RP is the result of a) loss of monopoly of education by the privileged; b) (23) of higher education in the post-war period.

However, it still retains its eminence among certain professional people.

There is a rise in the status of all (24) accents.

We are moving towards the (25) position: general acceptance of all regional accents and absence of a class accent that transcends all regions.

PART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN.)
Direction: The following passage contains ten errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:
For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.
For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "^" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.
For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.
EXAMPLE
When ^ art museum wants a new exhibit,
(1) an
it (never/) buys things in finished form and hangs
(2) never
them on the wall. When a natural history museum
wants an exhibition, it must often build it.
(3)exhibit　
When a human infant is born into any
community in any part of the world it has
two things in common with any infant, provided
(26)
neither of them have been damaged in any way
(27)
either before or during birth. Firstly, and
most obviously, new born children are completely
helpless. Apart from a powerful capacity to pay
(28)
attention to their helplessness by using sound,
there is nothing the new born child can do to
ensure his own survival. Without care from
some other human being or beings, be it mother,
grandmother, or human group, a child is very unlikely
to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in
marked contrast with the capacity of many new born
animals to get on their feet within minutes of
(29)
birth and run with the herd within a few hours.
Although young animals are certainly in risk,
(30)
sometimes for weeks or even months after
birth, compared with the human infant they
very quickly grow the capacity to fend for them.
(31)
It is during this very long period in which
the human infant is totally dependent on the others
(32)
that it reveals the second feature which it shares
with all other undamaged human infants, a capacity
to learn language. For this reason, biologists now
suggest that language be species specific to
(33)
the human race, that is to say, they consider
the human infant to be genetic programmed in
(34)
such way that it can acquire language. This
(35)
suggestion implies that just as human beings are
designed to see three-dimensionally and in colour,
and just as they are designed to stand upright
rather than to move on all fours, so they are
designed to learn and use language as part of
their normal development as well-formed human beings.

PART III READING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN.)
SECTION A: READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN.)
Direction: In this section there are four reading passages followed by fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.
TEXT A
Low self-esteem pops up regularly in academic reports as an explanation for all sorts of violence, from hate crimes and street crimes to terrorism. But despite the popularity of the explanation, not much evidence backs it up. In a recent issue of Psychological Review, three researchers examine this literature at length and conclude that a much stronger link connects high self-esteem to violence. "It is difficult to maintain belief in the low self-esteem view after seeing that the more violent groups are generally the ones with higher self-esteem, "write Roy Baumeister of Case Western Reserve University and Laura Smart and Joseph Boden of the University of Virginia.

The conventional view is that people without self-esteem try to gain it by hurting others. The researchers find that violence is much more often the work of people with unrealistically high self-esteem attacking others who challenge their self-image. Under this umbrella come bullies, rapists, racists, psychopaths and members of street gangs and organized crime.
The study concludes: "Certain forms of high self-esteem seem to increase one's proneness to violence. An uncritical endorsement of the cultural value of self-esteem may therefore be counterproductive and even dangerous. ... The societal pursuit of high self-esteem for everyone may literally end up doing considerable harm."

As for prison programs intended to make violent convicts feel better about themselves, "perhaps it would be better to try instilling modesty and humility," the researchers write.
In an interview with the Boston Globe, Baumeister said he believes the "self"-promoting establishment is starting to crumble. "What would work better for the country is to forget about self-esteem and concentrate on self-control," he said.
In the schools, this would mean turning away from psychic boosterism and emphasizing self-esteem as a by-product of real achievement, not as an end in itself. The self-esteem movement, still entrenched in schools of education, is deeply implicated in the dumbing down of our schools, and in the spurious equality behind the idea that it is a terrible psychic blow if one student does any better or any worse than another. Let's hope it is indeed crumbling.

36. The researcher find that there are stronger connections between ____.
A. low self-esteem and violence.
B. low self-control and violence.
C. high self-image and violence.
D. high self-control and violence.
正确答案是

37. The researchers would most probably agree with the following EXCEPT ____.
A. self-esteem should be promoted and encouraged.
B. schools should change their concept of self-esteem.
C. the traditional view is beginning to lose ground.
D. prisons should change their present practice.
正确答案是

TEXT B
Social change is more likely to occur in heterogeneous societies than in homogeneous ones, simply because there are more diverse points of view available in the former. There are more ideas, more conflicts of interest, and more groups and organizations of different persuasions. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and tolerance in heterogeneous societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision rather than subjecting them to authority. In a quite homogeneous society, there are fewer occasions for people to perceive the need or the opportunity for change, because everything seems to be the same and, if not satisfactory, at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily (1) in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; (2) in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; (3) in the less basic, less emotional, or less sacred aspects of society than in their opposites, like religion or a system of prestige; (4) in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; (5) in form rather than in substance; and (6) in elements congenial to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.

38. According to the passage, the main difference between a homogeneous society and a heterogeneous one lies in ____.
A. the number of opportunities offered.
B. the nature of conflicts of interest.
C. the awareness of the need for change.
D. the role of social organizations.
正确答案是

39. The author would most probably agree that changes are more likely to be successful in ____.
A. production methods.
B. ideological concepts.
C. religious beliefs.
D. social behaviour.
正确答案是

TEXT C
One argument used to support the idea that employment will continue to be the dominant form of work, and that employment will eventually become available for all who want it, is that working time will continue to fall. People in jobs will work fewer hours in the day, fewer days in the week, fewer weeks in the year, and fewer years in a lifetime, than they do now. This will mean that more jobs will be available for more people. This, it is said, is the way we should set about restoring full employment.

There is no doubt that something of this kind will happen. The shorter working week, longer holidays, earlier retirement, job-sharing -- these and other ways of reducing the amount of time people spend on their jobs -- are certainly likely to spread. A mix of part-time paid work and part-time unpaid work is likely to become a much more common work pattern than today, and a flexi-life pattern of work -- involving paid employment at certain stages of life, but not at others -- will become widespread. But it is surely unrealistic to assume that this will make it possible to restore full employment as the dominant form