classifiedwordsandphrases.doc

大学英语四级考试词汇、词组分类总复习 韩鹏
P１２
01． 表示开始 begin, start, commence, get down to 着手，set off/out 出发，动身 set about 开始做，着手处理， take to 开始从事、喜欢，take up开始从事
02． 表示发生、出现、出席、发明、发现的词 happen, occur, take place, come true, come into being, come in to view/existence, appear, attend, be present, turn up, show up, spring up(涌现),come off, discover, find, detect, notice, catch sight of, invent, devise, come out, break out
03． 表示建筑、构建的词 build, construct, establish, create, found, set up, architecture
04． 表示由……组成，由……构成，组成的词 整+ be made up of +个，整+ be composed of +个，整+ consists of +个， 个+ constitute+整，个+ make up +整
05． 表示增加、增长、扩大的词 increase, add to, go up, enhance, enlarge, expand, extend, raise, be on the rise, be rocketing
06． 表示减少，削减、压缩的词 abridge, compress, reduce, subtract, relieve, decrease, cut down, cut out(删去)
07． 表示在进行中 in process, under operation, under way
08． 表示继续、持续、坚持的词 carry on, go on (with), go ahead, continue, continual, continuous, keep on doing, keep up doing, hold on, hang on , keep to , insist, cling to, adhere to, stick to, persist, carry through, on an end
09． 表示前进、进步、开往……方向 progress, proceed, process, make for, make progress, advance, go ahead, make one’s way to…, be bound for
10． 表示打断、介入、打扰、干涉的词 interrupt, interfere, intervene, cut in, disturb, bother
11． 表示遭受、经历、忍受、忍耐的词 encounter, suffer, bear, stand, endure, experience, persist, undergo, tolerate, go through, live through
12． 表示停止、结束、完成的词 close, stop, end, finish, complete, terminate , be over, expire, drop, be over, bring sth to an end, put an end to, die out, cut off, break off, go out(熄灭), put out, leave off (停止，中断),wind up, wipe out(消灭)
13． 表示取消、延期的词 cancel, call off, defer, postpone, put off, hold up(延迟)
14． 表示损坏、破坏、摧毁、废除的词 go wrong, break down(抛锚),damage, destroy, destruct, undo, upset, kill, get rid of, do away with, overthrow, smash, shatter, crush, crash, clash, ruin, submerge, break through(突围), break up
15． 表示消失、缺席的词 disappear, be absent from, vanish, die down便弱，逐渐消失, die out灭绝，消失, wear off 逐渐减少，逐渐消失
16． 表示撤退、放弃、后退、抛弃、屈服、失败、逃脱的词 retreat, withdraw, back off/ down , suffer a setback, abandon, reject, throw away, discard, give up, drop out, give in, surrender, yield, lick sb’s boots , fail, fall through, come to nothing, make nothing of, in vain, be unsuccessful, not succeed, escape, flee, slip away, break away from，get away with/ get off (逃脱惩罚), let sb off
17． 表示阻挡、阻拦、禁止的词 prevent sb form doing, stop sb from doing, prohibit doing, hold sb back from, forbid sb to do, ban sth, deny doing/sth, keep sb back
18． 表示镇压、压迫、压抑 oppress压迫、压抑, suppress镇压, repress镇压, depress使沮丧，使萧条, put down镇压
19． 表示释放、解散、驱散、摆脱 set free, release, give off(气体), discharge, dismiss, expel, dispel, shake off
20． 表示胜过、优于、超过、过多的词 gain/have an advantage over, defeat, excel(as,at,in), surpass,exceed, be well above, go beyond, get the better of sb(占……的上风) , get the best of(战胜), in excess, profuse, excessive
21． 表示支持、赞成、喜欢、同意的词 support, sustain, maintain, back sb up, behind sb , agree, in favor of, assent,consent, fall in with(同意，依从)，like, love, be fond of, prefer A to B, feel like doing, would rather(宁愿)， stand up for one’s rights(支持，维护，捍卫)
22． 表示提议、建议的词 suggest, make a suggestion, propose, make a proposal, recommend, put/bring forward
23． 表示决定、下决心的词 decide, make a decision, determine, be determined to do, resolve, resolve on/ against doing, make up one’s mind to do
24． 表示不赞成、不同意、反对、拒绝的词 disagree with, against, refuse, reject, resist, object, protest
25． 表示教育、培养的词 educate, cultivate, bring up, civilize, refine, instruct
26． 表示照顾、照料、关心的词 care for, look after, take care of, have/keep an eye on, see to, be concerned about, show concern for
27． 表示执行、采取行动、措施，生效的词 perform, execute, carry out, enact, enforce, fulfill, launch, conduct, take actions, take measures, put… into practice, bring/carry/put… into effect, come into effect, take effect
28． 表示管理、处理的词 manage, administer, control, under the control of, take control of, take over(接管), take/in charge of, in the charge of, at the mercy of, handle, cope with, deal with, dispose of, see about(It’s time for me to see about dinner)
29． 表示负责的词 be responsible for, answer for, take up/shoulder/bear the responsibility of…, see to(I’ll see to it whether we could supply if from stock)
30． 表示上交、呈递 hand in, submit, turn in, present, send in
31． 表示储存、积蓄、保留、省、节省的词 conserve, preserve, reserve, save, spare, put aside, lay aside, accumulate, economic, put away(收好、放好)
32． 表示雇用、租用 hire, employ, rent, let
33． 表示解雇、解散 fire, unemployment, lose one’s job, dismiss, be laid off, lay off
34． 表示遗漏、省略、忽视、忽略的词 neglect, ignore, omit, overlook, leave out( I left out the most important point in the report)
35． 表示独自的、各自的、孤独的、孤立、本身、单身、亲自 alone, lonely, sole, isolate, single, leave sb.alone (let alone, not to mention 区别), respective, private, personal, individual, privacy, personality, individuality, by oneself, on one’s own, in itself, in person
36． 与……一致，与……相符，服从 to be in line with, comply with the law, conform to the customs, obey the law, follow, in agreement with, in accordance with, correspond with/ to the regulations, be in conformity with, live up to
37． 表示合计，总数的词 add to, add up to, live up to, reach, in total, in all, run into(his income runs into 5 figures), be up to
38． 表示代表的词 on behalf of sb, on sb’s behalf, as a representative of, representing, stand for, short for
39． 表示纪念、纪念品 in honor of sb., in memory of sb., commemorate sb., celebrate, monento, statue, monument
40． 表示利用、充分利用 take advantage of, make use of, draw on, make full use of, make the best of , make the most of
41． 表示依靠、指望的词 depend on, rely on, count on, by means of(we make money ~ hard work)
42． 表示应该、最好还是……，……是可行的，可取的，有利可图的 had better, should, ought to , it would be wise of sb to do, may as well, would rather(宁愿), feasible, advisable, profitable, practical
43． 表示拜访、访问的词 visit, call on sb, drop in/ by, drop in on sb.
44． 表示意外、偶然遇见 meet with, run/bump into sb., meet sb. by chance/accident, come up against
45． 表示苏醒、复苏的词 come round/around, come to , become conscious, come to one’s senses
46． 表示能够 can, be able to, have the ability of doing/ to do sth., be capable of doing, have the capability of doing(derog)
47． 表示买卖、交易、订合同的词 buy, purchase, sell, sale, deal in, retail, wholesale, transaction, sign/conclude a contract/ agreement/treaty with sb., bargain, negotiate with, trade, commerce, company, venture, corporation, enterprise, factory, manufacturer, plant, firm, fund, estate, property, legacy, loan, in debt, pay off, owe sth. to sb., owe sb. sth., arbiter, tax, duty, clear the customs, import, export, produce, manufacture, make, product, outcome, operate at a loss/a profit, supply, in/ out of stock, be on sale(出售，廉价出售)
48． 表示“看”的词 look, see, read, look at, watch, look back, look up to sb, respect, look down upon sb., contempt, scorn, stare at, gaze at, inspect, supervise, look for, look forward to , expect, anticipate, unexpected, look into, visit, look on, look out, watch out, run/ look through, look up, examine, go over, go through, prospect, perspective, catch sight of, in sight, out of sight, regard…as…
49． 表示命名、称作、把……当作 name, call sb ~, entitle, refer to ~ as ~, regard~ as ~, take for~
50． 表示比较 compare A to B, compare A with B, draw a comparison between A and B
51． 表示处于困境当中 be in difficulty, in a dilemma, in a catch-22 situation, in the water/soup
52． 表示困惑、迷惑、不知所措 confuse, confused, confusing, at a loss, be puzzled
53． 表示面对 be faced up with, face, face up to, confront, in the face of
54． 表示求助、帮助 turn to sb. for help , fall back on(转而求助), assist, assistant, be of great help, helpful
55． 表示与人相处关系的 be particular about, be on good/bad terms with sb., get along/on well with sb., be in good relationship with sb., keep in touch with sb.
56． 表示着火，放火 set fire to, catch fire, on fire
57． 表示说清楚，讲清楚，解释明白，详细阐述的词 make ~ clear, get ~ across, put~ across, make oneself understood, explain, elaborate, interpret, throw/cast light on/upon
58． 表示想到，想出，想明白，认清楚 have an idea, come up with an idea, hit upon an idea, an idea occurs to/ hits me, come into one’s mind, make out, figure out, understand, identify, recognize, perceive, tell A from B, pick out
59． 表示考虑到…… take…into consideration, take… into account, considering, allow for, make allowance for
60． 表示记住、记得、想起、回忆起、提醒 remember to do/ doing, remember sb. to sb., memorize, recite, have… in mind, bear/ keep … in mind, impress, give/ leave sb. a good impression, think of, recall, remind sb. of sh/ to do sth
61． 表示想、仔细考虑、深思熟虑 think, ponder, revolve, consider, reflect, turn/ think over
62． 表示镇定、冷静 calm down, be calm, collect oneself, compose oneself
63． 表示不用急 take one’s time, take it easy
64． 表示睡觉和困倦、厌倦 sleep, have a sleep, be sound asleep, drop off, fall asleep, take a nap, sleepy, drowsy, drawn(憔悴的) , tired, be tired of, weary, exhausted, boring, tiresome
65． 表示赠送、捐款、贡献、授予的词 give away, donate, contribute, subscription, grant, award, bestow
66． 表示分发、分配的词 give out, hand out, distribute, assign, appoint, allocate
67． 表示从事于，致力于，为……贡献 work at, commit oneself to ~, dedicate oneself to
68． 表示代替、取代、转换、交换的词 replace, take the place of, in place of, in stead, in stead of, substitute, exchange, shift, switch, give way to(Her tears gave way to smiles)
69． 表示追求、寻求 pursue, chase, follow, go after, hunt, seek, look for
70． 表示蔓延、流传、流行的词 spread, extend, scatter, sprawl, go around/ round, prevail, popular
71． 表示保证、确保 promise that, secure, ensure, assure, see to it that, see to it that you are here on time
72． 表示违背、食言、犯法的词 go back on one’s word, eat one’s word, break one’s promise, violate the law, break the law
73． 表示欺骗、陷阱、陷害 deceive, cheat, trap, entrap, undermine, take in
74． 表示检查、监督、控制、指挥的词 examine, inspect, go over/ through, search, investigate, observe, survey, supervise, administer, command, control, direct, govern, lead, manage, regulate, rule
75． 表示方便的、在手边的 handy, convenient, at hand, nearby, come in handy
76． 表示像 be like, as…as…, be similar to, resemble, take after, a chip off the old block, as if/ though
77． 表示除了、不包括的词 apart from, aside from, except, except for, excluding, but(all came but him), other than(we could do nothing other than wait)
78． 表示正要……，即将……的时候 be about to do sth, on the point of doing, on the verge of , ~ be around the corner, ~ be on its way
79． 表示切题的：to the point, relevant 表示离题的：beside/ off the point, irrelevant
80． 表示原因的连词，介词 because, because of , due to, owing to, on account of , since, as for, for the reason that, in view of , in light of（鉴于）thanks to, account for, derive from, be derived from, attribute A to B, A can be attributed to B, result from, but for, in consequence of , on the grounds that/of, but for…,now that, in that
81． 表示结果 so, therefore, hence, consequently, as a result, result in, thus, bring about, give rise to, turn out to be…
82． 表示首先、其次、最后 at first, above all, firstly, in the first place, at first sight, for one thing; then, after that, secondly at last, at length, finally, eventually, in the end, conclusively
83． 表示总之、以一语蔽之、换言之、简言之 all in all, to sum up, as a conclusion, in short, in a/one word, in brief, in other words
84． 表示平均、一般、总体上讲 on(the/ an) average, in general, generally (speaking), as a whole, on the whole, at large(在逃)
85． 表事先、先于、在前 in advance, prior to … , previous, preceding, be preceded by, the former… the latter…
86． 表示几乎、差不多 almost, nearly, all but, approximately, or so, about, more or less
87． 表示几乎不 hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely
88． 表示无论如何都要 at any rate, by all means
89． 表示无论如何都不要（后边用倒装） on no account/ by no means/ under no circumstances/ in no case/ at no time/ in no way should you ……
90． 表示也 too, either, also, as well, as well as
91． 表示一点也不 not… at all, anything but
92． 表示关于、至于 as for/ to , as regards: He is second to none ~ intellect. with/ in regard to , regarding, with reference/ respect to
93． 表示目的的连词 in order to, in order that, so that, for the sake of
94． 表示尤其、特别 especially, particularly, in particular
95． 表示尽管、不管 even though, despite, in spite of, regardless of
96． 表示假设 if, if only…, what if…, even if/ though, on condition that, provided that, so/ as long as, in case that, in the event of, in the face of(They would not retreat in the face of danger), suppose, assume,
97． 表示很可能，毫无疑问 very likely, very probably, possibly, might no doubt, beyond any doubt, out of question, unquestionably, indisputably
98． 表示事实上、实际上 in fact, in reality, in effect, virtually, in practice
99． 表示最多、至多、最少、至少、至今 at most, at best, no more than, maximum, ultimately at least, no less than, minimum by far(she is by far the best student), so far
100． 牢记以下各句 a.nothing but 只有: Nothing but hard work could make the man. b.none other than不是别的，正是: The stranger was ~ my old friend. c.other than 不同于，非：I don’t want him to be ~ he is. d.rather than 不是----（而是）：It was what he did ~ what he said that bothered me.
101． 表示从某种意义上讲 in a sense, in some way, in a way, to some extent
102． 表示通过某种方法，经由…… by way of, by means of, by virtue of
103． 表示究竟、到底、毕竟 in the world, on earth, after all
104． 表示过去时间的词 in the past, ~ days ago, long before, a long time ago, then, till then, just now ,from then on, at one time, once upon a time
105． 表示目前、现在、最近的时间的词 now, presently, at present, currently, just now, recently, at the moment, at once, for the present, for the moment, for the time being, temporarily, contemporary(同时代的)
106． 表示将来、以后时间的词 in future = from now on, in the future, in a short while, in a moment, immediately , instantly, before long, soon, in no time, sooner or later, as soon as…, no sooner…than…., hardly… when… (一……就，刚……便)
107． 表示频率的词 rarely, occasionally, once in a blue moon, once and for all, once in a while, at times(有时，间或), sometimes, every now and then = from time to time =偶尔，constantly, often, frequently, regularly, off and on(断断续续的，间歇的), at intervals of….days, at … intervals, every other day, every two days, at all times（ 随时，总是）, once/twice/three times a week/month/year, once more, over and over
108． 表示按时、准时、及时、提前、迟到