英语-介词-课件教学提纲.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2018/10/9,#,什么是介词？它的作用是什么？,02,He goes to school,by,bike,（名词）,.,04,The book is,on,the,desk,（名词）,.,He is interested,in,drawing,（动名词）,.,03,01,Look,at,me,（代词,),.,介词,(preposition,简写,prep.),又称作前置词，通常,位于,名词,或代词,之前，,表示,名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系,。,第五章 介词,Anita,介词的分类和成分作用,表示时间的介词,表示位置、方位的介词,常用“一词多用”介词,CONTENTS,01,02,03,04,其他用途,的,介词,05,考点一,介词,的分类和成分作用,PART 01,介词的分类,简单介词,短语介词,合成介词,in,on,at,for,by,from,about,with,since,after,before,ago,by,till,within,without,inside,outside,into,throughout,because of,instead of,look,forward to,in spite of,according to,owing to,01,02,03,04,05,From the library to the teaching building,is 5 minutes walk.,主语,The book is,under the desk,.,表语,They leave,in a hurry,.,状语,The apples,on the tree,taste good.,定语,I think everything,out of control,.,补语,介词短语的成分作用,【,例,】I saw him walking _ the street.,A.along,B.from,C.in,D.to,【,正确选项,】,A,【,考查内容,】,介词短语,walk along,的用法,【,答题分析,】,结合句意“我看见他沿着大街走去。”介词短语,walk along,表示“沿着,走”,，在句子中作状语，可排除,B,、,C,、,D,三项，故选,A,项,。,(,),They found the machine _ a bad state.,A.in,B.at C.on D.to,A,即时巩固,考点,二,常用,“一词多用”,介词,PART 02,01,02,03,04,in,the car,在,里面,in,summer,在,时候，后接,年、月、季节,in,2 hours,在,之后，后接时间段,in,Chinese,用,（语言、材料）,in,01,02,03,on,the,floor,在,上,面,on,Friday,在,时候，后,接,日期,、星期,a textbook,on,the history of China,关于,on,01,02,03,at,home,在,（后接小地点）,at,7 oclock a.m.,在,时候，后,接,时间点,at,a low price,以,(,后接速度、价格,),at,to run,for,exercise,为了,，表目的,I once taught Math,for,2 years.,因为，由于,，表原因,to cry,for,pain,后接时间段，表动作持续的时间,I paid$50,for,it.,以,价格,(,或支付,),；交换；作为,的补偿）,for,by,to go,by,the,book,根据，依据,made,by,hand,通过,（方式、手段）,by,bike,使用,（交通工具）,Be back,by,ten oclock.,到,为止，在,以前,a house,by,a,river,在,附近，旁边,I met her,by,chance.,因为，由于,from,noon,to,midnight,从,，后接时间,to,suffer,from,a,cold,遭受,，蒙受；经受；体验到,(,痛苦等,),从,，后接地点,to go,from,London,to,Paris,由于,，由,引起,from,about,5 oclock,a story,about,love,大约,关于,about,2,4,1,3,with,和,一起,Stay,with,me.,带,着,，表伴随的一种状态,enter,with,confidence,用,工具,to stir,with,a,spoon,因为，由于,faint,with,hunger,饿得发晕,【,例,】They,fought _ their freedom.,A.at,B.in,C.for,D.to,【,正确选项,】,C,【,考查内容,】,介词,for,的用法,【,答题分析,】,结合句意“他们为了自由而战。,”,选项,中只有介词,for,可以表示“为了,”,，故选,C,项。,(,),I am sorry _ what I said to you.,A.at,B.in C.for D.to,(,),She is singing _ morning to night.,A.from,B.in,C.since,D.after,C,即时巩固,A,考点三,表示,时间的介词,PART,03,介词,用法,练习,at,表示“,在某一时刻,”，通常,放在时间点前,at,noon/night,in,the 21,st,century,in,winter,on,January 1,st,in,2018,in,June,on,Friday,in,the,morning,at,seven oclock,on,表示“,在具体的某一天,”,in,表示“在某个,世纪,、,年,、,季节,、,月,及,泛指的上午、下午、晚上,”,1.,at,on,in,的辨析,1.Fill the blanks with proper preposition.,on,the,morning,of October 1,st,on,a,rainy,afternoon,on,an,evening,with heavy,snow,当,morning,、,afternoon,、,evening,被其他词所修饰,，表示,特指的某一天,早、中、晚,时，前面的介词应用,on,。,2.Translation.,下周一我将要去上海。,I will go to Shanghai,next,Monday,.,你去年去了巴黎吗？,Did,you go to Paris,last,year,?,当,morning,、,afternoon,、,evening,、,Monday,（星期）、,January,（月份）、,year,、,week,等名词,前有,this,、,that,、,last,、,next,等词修饰时,，其,前面的介词通常省略,。,介词,用法,for,后面常接时间段，表示“,一段时间,；,动作所持续的时间,”，,多与,完成时,连用；可用来回答,“,how long,”,发起的提问,in,后面常接时间段，表示“,在,之后,”，用于,将来时态,；,可用,来回答,“,how soon,”,发起的,提问,since,后面常接时间点，表示“,自,以来,（直到现在）”,，,多,与,完成时,连用,after,后面,常接时间点，表示“,在,之后,”,，,多,用于,过去时,2.for,in,since,after,的辨析,2.for,in,since,after,的辨析,How long,have you been a teacher,？,（,I have been a teacher,）,For,7 years.,How soon,will you finish the task,？,（,I will finish the task,）,In,about 2 hours.,She,has studied,in England,since,2017.,They,started,dancing,after,3 oclock p.m.,3,.before,by,till,until,的,辨析,介词,用法,举例,before,表示“在,以前”，用于完成时,Hesaidhehadfinishedtheworkthree,days,before,.,Thetrainleavesat8oclock,soyoudbetterbethere,by,7:50.,Theparkisopen,till/until,5p.m.,by,表示“在,以前，不迟于；到,为止”,till/until,表示“直到,为止”,She,watched,TV,till/until,her mother came back.,她看电视直到她母亲回来。（,看电视的动作延续到母亲回来才结束,）,She,didnt watch,TV,until,her mother came back.,直到她母亲回来她才（开始）看电视。（,看电视的动作直到她母亲回来才发生,）,用于,肯定句,时，主句的动词只用延续性的，它所表示的动作一直延续到,till,或,until,表示的时间为止，意为“,直到,为止,”,；,用于,否定句,时，一般使用,until,，意为“,直到,（才）,”。,4,.during,through,的,辨析,介词,用法,举例,during,表示“,在,期间，在特定的时间里,”，,其后的名词前要用,定冠词或表示特定意义的代词,。,Whatdidyoudo,during,thewintervacation?,Timtreated,（对待）,melikehis,son,through,theseyears.,through,表示“,一直,，自始至终,”,【,例,】Jay Chou,the famous singer,was born _ January,1979.,A.at,B.on C.in D.to,【,正确选项,】,C,【,考查内容,】,时间介词,in,的用法,【,答题分析,】,月份前面用介词,in,，由表示月份的关键词,January,，可排除,A,、,B,、,D,三项，故选,C,项。,(,)When is Henrys birthday party,Lynn?,_,about two oclock in the afternoon.A.In B.At C.On D.To,(,)She has been ill _ several days.A.for B.in C.since D.after,B,即时巩固,A,(,)He hasnt heard from his son _ last winter.A.at,B.in,C.since D.for,C,即时巩固,考点,四,表示位置、方位的,介词,PART,04,North,West,South,East,on,in,to,表示“,A,在,B,里面”,表示“,A,和,B,相邻,（接壤）”,表示“,A,和,B,不相邻（不接壤）”,A lies,in,the east of B.,A lies,on,the west of B.,A lies,to,the south of B.,Beijing is,in,the north of,China.,1.,北京,在中国的北部。,Korea is,on,the northeast of,China,.,2.,朝鲜,在中国的东北面。,Japan is,to,the east of,China.,3.,日本,位于中国的东边。,in,表示“在,”，后接较,大,的地点,at,表示“在,”，后接较,小,的地点,He,lives,at,No.27Zhongshanstreet,in,Wuhan,.,Ill,wait for you,at,the,bus stop,.,below,on,under,above,over,There,isanapple,on,thetable.,There,isabridge,over,the Changjiangriver.,They,sat,under,abigapple tree,drinking.,A,bird flew,above,our heads.,The,ship disappeared,below,the horizon.,by,beside,near,next to,A,bank was built,near,our school,.,Sit,down,by/beside,me,.,We,both looked down at the newspaper,beside,him.,Whos,the boy standing,next to,you?,between,among,around,outside,What Jack had done was,beyond,my comprehension,.,He identified his baggage,among,hundreds of others,.,There are many trees and flowers,around,the house,.,It feels cold,outside,.,Go,inside,the house.,This,ship went,between,China and Japan,.,inside,beyond,in front,of,in the front,of,behind,There,is a computer,in the front of,the classroom.,A,river flows,in front of,the house.,He,sat,behind,me.,along,across,through,I saw them running together,along,the road yesterday.,Its so much safer to get,across,the road with traffic lights.,The moonlight poured in,through,the window.,【,例,】Two planes are flying _ the city.,A,.through,B.on,C.over,D.below,【,正确选项,】,C,【,考查内容,】,方位介词,over,的用法,【,答题分析,】,句意：两架飞机正在城市上方飞翔,。,through,表示“穿过”，强调从内部穿过,；,on,表示“在,上面”，表面相互接触,；,over,表示“在,正上方”，二者不接触,；,below,表示“在,下方，低于,”,，故选,C,项。,(,)The street is too narrow for the bus to go _.,A.through,B.across C.on,D.in,(,)Do you see the kite _ the building?,A.over,B.across,C.on,D.above,B,即时巩固,D,(,)Tom told me his parents had arrived _ Beijing.A.at,B.on,C.in,D.to,即时巩固,C,Fill the blanks with proper prepositions according to the contexts and pictures,.,1.,He,put the computer,on,the desk.,2.I,met Mary,at,the school gate this morning.,3.There,is a cat,under,the table.,4.He,saw many hills and rivers,below,the,plane.,5.She,is holding an umbrella,over,her head.,6.An,airplane flew,above,the clouds.,7.Lily,sat,between,Jack and Tom.,8.Amy,smiles happily,among,the children.,9.Our,English teacher is speaking in,the front of,the classroom.,10.,There,is a yard,in front of,my window.,11.They,walked,across,the road carefully.,12.The,path goes,through,the forest.,13.The,students stood,around,the teacher.,14.My,family often have a walk,along,the river.,考点五,其他,用途的介词,PART,05,介词,用法,举例,except,是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“,除了,”，可理解为“撇开,不谈”，表示两部分的不同。,They were all there,except,me,.,besides,是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“,除之外,(,还有,),”，表示两部分的相似性。,What did you do there,besides,fishing,?,except that,后,常接句子,，而非词或短语。,This restaurant has nothing to recommend,except that,its cheap,.,except for,表示“除了,外；除去，撇开”，但它是,在说明基本的情况后，再做细节上的补充,。,Your composition is good,except for,some overcolouring here and there,.,介词,用法,举例,in,表示“用,”，,后接表语言或材料的词汇,Can you speak,in,English,?,She wrote,in,pencil.,with,表示“,用,工具,”，后接表工具的词汇，,工具前必须加冠词或物主代词,Please fill in this form,with,a pen.,by,表示“,用,”，强调工具或者手段（多用于交通工具），“,by+,交通工具”中间不能加冠词,。,We usually go to school,by,bus.,on,多用于固定词组,talk,on,the phone,，,on,foot,介词,用法,举例,be made of,表示“由,制成”，,从成品仍可看出原料,This chair,is made of,wood,.,be made from,表示“由,制成”，,从成品已看不出原料,Paper,is made from,wood,.,介词,用法,举例,for,表示“,因为,”，词组：,be famous for,Wuhan is famous,for,its delicious food,.,from,表示“由于,（,外在的原因,）”,The problem simply resulted,from,a difference of opinions,.,of,表示“由于,（,内在的原因,）”,The old woman laughed into tears,of,happiness,.,with,表示“,由外在影响到肉体或心理”的原因,He shouted loudly,with,anger,.,介词,用法,举例,like,表示“像,一样；如同”,He looks,like,Father Christmas.,他长得像圣诞老人。,as,表示“作为；以,的身份”,We selected him,as,our monitor.,我们选他作我们的班长。,介词,用法,举例,against,表示“反对”,Are you,for,or,against,the plan?,你支持还是反对这项计划,?,for,与,against,相对，表示“赞同，支持”,with,的,复,合,结,构,with+,名词,/,代词,+,形容词,Shecameintothe,room,with,hernoseredbecauseofcold,.,with+,名词,/,代词,+,副词,The boy stood there,with,his head down,.,with+,名词,/,代词,+,介词短语,Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,with,a,book,inhishand,.,with+,名词,/,代词,+,非谓语动词,I sat in my room for a few minutes,with,my eyes fixed on the,ceiling,（,天花板,）,.,【,例,】_ lower cost,his design has many other advantages.,A.Except B.Beside C.Besides D.Except,that,【,正确选项,】,C,【,考查内容,】,介词,besides,的用法,【,答题分析,】,结合句意：“除成本低之外，他的设计还有许多其他的优点。”,besides“,除,外（还有）”，所搭配的宾语包含在论及事物之内。,故选,C,项。,(,)Most students go to school every day _ Sunday and Saturday.A.except,B.beside,C.besides,D.except,that(,)Whats the TV news _?,The Chinese Team won five gold medals,at,World Table Tennis Championships.A.at,B.across,C.above D.about,A,即时巩固,D,(,)Nowadays,some mobile phones can take photos _ a camera.,A.for,B.of,C.like,D.as,(,)We think it impolite _ him to ask the lady her age.,A.for,B.of,C.like,D.as,C,B,真题回顾,1.,（,2017,湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷,）,It,is a good idea to send these clothes and books_ the children in poor areas.A.to B.by C.at D.for,A,2.,（,2016,湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷,）,Dont,worry,！,I will be back _ a minute.A,for,B.since,C.in,D.after,C,3,.,（,2015,湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷,）,Zhang,Min couldnt draw money _ the ATM because he forgot the pin.A.from B.to C.with D.for,A,基础训练,1.,I,got an e-mail last night.It was _ my foreign friend,Tony.,A.in B.on C.at,D.from,2.,Stephen,often practices English_ chatting with his American friend.,A.in B.by C.for,D.with,3.,Mary,s teacher was so mad _ her because she made too many mistakes in the test.,A.at B.in C.on D.about,D,B,A,4.,Max,always chat with his friends _ English.,A.on B.in C.at,D.for,5.,Oh,its you,Jack!Your voice sounds very different _ the phone.,A.from B.in C.of,D.on,6.,When,the school building began to shake,the teachers ran downstairs _ all the students.The teachers are heroes in my heart.,A.after B.with C.since D.for,B,D,A,7.,_,a teacher,Anita thinks that her main duty is to help the students to become better learners.,A.By B.As C.About,D.for,8.,The,little girl helped the old woman _ the road.,A.above B.through C.across,D.over,9.,Coco,usually gets up early,_,the morning.,A.on B.at C.in D.of,B,C,C,10,.,Sally,is very happy.There is a big smile _ her face.,A.on B.to C.in,D.at,11.,_,my opinion,the experiences in ones childhood will affect,its,character.,A.To B.In C.For,D.Among,12.,TF,boys are popular _ the teenagers.,A.around B.between C.during D.among,A,B,D,能力提升,1.,The,suit fitted him well _ the colour was a little darker.,A.except for B.except that C.except when,D.besides,2.,What,do you often do _ two classes to relax yourself?,Listen to some light music.,A.over B.among C.between D.through,3.,Her,wedding was _ a sunny morning.,A.at B.in C.on D.to,B,C,C,4,.,How soon can you finish the reading task?,_ half an hour.,A.In B.At C.For,D.Later,5.,The,teacher usually stands _ classroom.,A.at the front of B.in the front of C.in front of D.at front,of,6.,I,have been our school _ 2016.,A.since B.for C.in D.ago,A,B,A,7,.,Be,careful,OK?Look left and right before you go _ the street.,A.by B.along C.through,D.across,8.Do,you know?Wine _ grapes.,A.is made from B.is made by,C.is made of,D.is made,in,9.,I,have seen him _ but I cant remember his name,A.ago,B.by,C.till,D.before,D,A,D,10.Does,John know any other foreign language _ German,？,A.except B.except that C.besides,D.beside,11.Sara,had learned more than 600 words _ the age of six.,A.by B.about C.at,D.of,12.Do,you know the boy _ a volleyball in his hand?,A.by B.in C.to D.with,C,A,D,